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- P.S. Magazine, Issue 526, September 1996
- Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
- P.S. Magazine, Issue 527, October 1996
- Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
- P.S. Magazine, Issue 528, November 1996
- Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
- P.S. Magazine, Issue 522, May 1996
- Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
- P.S. Magazine, Issue 520, March 1996
- Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
- P.S. Magazine, Issue 523, June 1996
- Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
- P.S. Magazine, Issue 524, July 1996
- Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
- P.S. Magazine, Issue 518, January 1996
- Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
- P.S. Magazine, Issue 519, February 1996
- Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
- P.S. Magazine, Issue 529, December 1996
- Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
- P.S. Magazine, Issue 525, August 1996
- Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
- P.S. Magazine, Issue 521, April 1996
- Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
- Drawing the Iron Curtain: Cold War Cartoons, 1946-1960: A Caroline and Erwin Swann Memorial Exhibition, May 23-August 16, 1996, Oval Gallery, Madison Building, Library of Congress
- Pamphlet of political cartoons regarding U.S.-Soviet relations from 1946-1960, interspersed with short sections discussing the historical context of the cartoons.
- Reactor Operations Division Monthly Report
- Monthly report from the Reactor Operations Division of the Brookhaven National Laboratory that covers various topics like the different operations conducted, and the amount of energy consumed.
- Geology of the Harpers Ferry Quadrangle, Virginia, Maryland, and West Virginia
- The following report documents the geological mapping of the Harpers Ferry quadrangle, Virginia, Maryland, and West Virginia, from between 1989 and 1990.
- Mineral Resource Potential and Geology of Coronado National Forest, Southeastern Arizona and Southwestern New Mexico
- The following report is a mineral resource assessment of Coronado National Forest of southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, formed by geologic, geochemical, and geophysical data.
- Tickling C:AQ5
- The alignment of the quadrupoles in a proton synchrotron is important and the alignment of the low beta quadrupoles in collider mode is even more critical. One of the important considerations is the relationship of the electric center of the Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) to the magnetic center of quadrupoles. Determining this involves measurements when the elements are not in the tunnel and careful alignment utilizing external reference marks when the BPMs are not physically attached to the quadrupole. Even when the BPM is attached to the quadrupole (and calibrated), systematic offsets can be introduced by cable mismatch or slight imbalances in the monitoring electronics. A method has been implemented at Cern [1,2] to determine this relationship using the beam itself. TM-1960 described a proof of principle experiment at the Tevatron using one of the individually powered quadrupoles near the B0 interaction region whose ACNET name is C:AQ7. This short note demonstrates that they can perform the same analysis on a set of quadrupoles powered by a single power supply without having to worry about exciting a single quadrupole.
- Measurement of tune spread in the Tevatron versus octupole strength
- An experiment was performed in the Tevatron to measure the tune spread versus octupole strength. The experiment is sensitive to the relationship between octupole strength and current in the T:OZF circuit and to the octupole (and other non-linear focusing fields) in the Tevatron. The major motivation for the experiment was to determine the value of octupole excitation that minimizes the tune spread: this value is an estimate of the value required to obtain ''zero'' total octupole excitation in the extraction process. The experiment was performed using the strip-line kickers at A17 and the resonant Schottky pickups. The horizontal proton kicker was excited with a sine-wave from a vector signal analyzer (HP-89440A) and the horizontal proton signal was received. The gating circuitry normally used to select proton or antiproton bunches was by-passed. The response function was measured and recorded on a floppy disk. Measurements were initially made with a 200 Hz span (0.250 Hz frequency bins) and later with a 100 Hz span (0.125 Hz frequency bins).
- Passive magnetic bearings for vehicular electromechanical batteries
- This report describes the design of a passive magnetic bearing system to be used in electromechanical batteries (flywheel energy storage modules) suitable for vehicular use. One or two such EMB modules might, for example, be employed in a hybrid-electric automobile, providing efficient means for power peaking, i.e., for handling acceleration and regenerative braking power demands at high power levels. The bearing design described herein will be based on a ''dual-mode'' operating regime.
- Multiplicity separation with the reciprocal effect counter in the SELEX experiment
- No Description Available.
- Tevatron anti-proton injection kicker waveform analysis
- This note describes the measurements of the waveform of the Tevatron antiproton injection kicker using the 150 Gev proton beam. This new horizontal kicker was installed at D48 during the summer of 1995 shutdown. These measurements were taken in two sessions [1] starting on October 10 and October 18, 1995. The measurements use the Tevatron BPM and flying wire systems. This note is a companion to the Tevatron proton injection kicker note published recently [2]. The design specifications for the kicker are given in Dinkel et al. [3].
- Anti-proton tune measurements for the Fall 1995 accelerator studies
- A system to measure the tunes of a single antiproton (or proton) bunch was built and has been commissioned. The system achieved high sensitivity with a novel closed-orbit suppression system. The use of high bandwidth directional pickpus and kickers in conjunction with precise timing gates enabled the measurement of the tune of a single bunch.
- Neutrino beam line optics study
- A study was done to understand the beam line optics from the beginning of Switchyard all the way to the end of Neutrino beam line. All available SWIC data were taken to get the beam centroid and width to be used in the analysis. The beam emittance and lattice function at the beginning of beam line can also be inferred from the study. The result indicated that the normalized 95% emittance to be around 15 {pi}-mm-mr for the vertical plane and about 28 {pi}-mm-mr for the horizontal plane.
- Double-sided silicon micro strip detectors with zero-suppressed selection for the SELEX experiment
- No Description Available.
- Effect of Opening Helix on Flying Wire Emittance Measurements
- It has been noted for some time that after the protons are injected, when the helix is opened the proton normalized vertical emittance (as measured by the flying wires) increases by about two {pi} mm-mr. The horizontal emittance decreases by about the same amount. This has been recognized as a false result, but there has been uncertainty as to whether it was due to the flying wires not measuring the beam sigma correctly when the beam center moved at the wires or whether the effective beta at the wires changed when the helix was opened and the orbit changed all around the machine. This study attempts to answer that question. The study took place Sunday, Feb. 25, 1996, from 18:30 to 22:30. The study consisted of injecting P1, P2 and P3 as normal, coalesced bunches and P4 and P5 as uncoalesced bunch trains of nominally 11 bunches. The purpose in using more than a single bunch was to increase statistical sampling and to investigate whether there was any significant difference between coalesced and uncoalesced bunches. Because the injection kicker had a long flat-top for 36 bunch studies, P6 could not be injected and when P5 was injected, P1 emittance increased by about two {pi} mm-mr. The flying wires were flown several times, the helix was turned on, the wires flown several times, the helix turned off, and the wires flown several times. The helix cycling was performed by knobbing the power supplies to avoid any possible emittance dilution from a non-adiabatic change. note that during the helix off state during helix cycling, one of the power supplies for the horizontal separators was inadvertently not turned down to zero, leaving the horizontal part of the helix at {approx} 16% of normal. After three cycles of helix on-off, a local horizontal three …
- Double-sided silicon micro strip detectors for SELEX
- No Description Available.
- Calibration of a Solar Absolute Cavity Radiometer with Traceability to the World Radiometric Reference
- This report describes the present method of establishing traceability of absolute cavity radiometers to the World Radiometric Reference (WRR) through the process employed in the International Pyrheliometer Comparisons (IPC). This method derives the WRR reduction factor for each of the participating cavity radiometers. An alternative method is proposed, described, and evaluated as a way to reduce the uncertainty in the comparison process. The two methods are compared using a sample of data from the recent IPC-VIII conducted from September 25th to October 13th, 1995 at the World Radiation Center in Davos, Switzerland. A description of absolute cavity radiometers is also included, using a PMO-6 as an example of active cavity radiometers, and a HF as an example of passive cavity radiometers.
- Subdivision, Subsurface Stratigraphy, and Estimated Age of Fluvial-Terrace Deposits in Northwestern Tennessee
- This report studies the fluvial-terrace deposits in northwestern Tennessee with the intention of establishing a means of correlating disjunct terrace segments along the Obion River that is independent of terrace height, to document the stratigraphy of selected terrace deposits, and to estimate their numerical ages.
- Uranium Provinces of North America: Their Definition, Distribution, and Models
- This report follows the study of the plate tectonic history of North America and provides a model format of the uranium provinces of North America. The format is designed to provide the major characteristics of the province in brief concise descriptions.
- Thermal Evolution of Sedimentary Basins in Alaska
- This report covers the study of thermal maturity of sedimentary basins in Alaska taken place in the early 1990s.
- Geology of Part of the Nelchina River Gabbronorite and Associated Rocks, South-Central Alaska
- The following report analyzes the geological features of a 6-km by 0.3-km strip of glacially polished rocks of the Nelchina River Gabbronorite located in the eastern part of the Anchorage quadrangle.
- Waste certification program plan for Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- This document defines the waste certification program being developed for implementation at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The document describes the program structure, logic, and methodology for certification of ORNL wastes. The purpose of the waste certification program is to provide assurance that wastes are properly characterized and that the Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) for receiving facilities are met. The program meets the waste certification requirements outlined in U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Order 5820.2A, Radioactive Waste Management, and ensures that 40 CFR documentation requirements for waste characterization are met for mixed (both radioactive and hazardous) and hazardous (including polychlorinated biphenyls) waste. Program activities will be conducted according to ORNL Level 1 document requirements.
- Correction of dispersion and the betatron functions in the CEBAF accelerator
- During the commissioning of the CEBAF accelerator, correction of dispersion and momentum compaction, and, to a lesser extent, transverse transfer matrices were essential for robust operation. With changing machine conditions, repeated correction was found necessary. To speed the diagnostic process the authors developed a method which allows one to rapidly track the machine optics. The method is based on measuring the propagation of 30 Hz modulated betatron oscillations downstream of a point of perturbation. Compared to the usual methods of dispersion or difference orbit measurement, synchronous detection of the beam displacement, as measured by beam position monitors, offers significantly improved speed and accuracy of the measurements. The beam optics of the accelerator was altered to decrease lattice sensitivity at critical points and to simplify control of the betatron function match. The calculation of the Courant-Snyder invariant from signals of each pair of nearby beam position monitors has allowed one to perform on-line measurement and correction of the lattice properties.
- Hybrid energy system cost analysis: San Nicolas Island, California
- This report analyzes the local wind resource and evaluates the costs and benefits of supplementing the current diesel-powered energy system on San Nicolas Island, California (SNI), with wind turbines. In Section 2.0 the SNI site, naval operations, and current energy system are described, as are the data collection and analysis procedures. Section 3.0 summarizes the wind resource data and analyses that were presented in NREL/TP 442-20231. Sections 4.0 and 5.0 present the conceptual design and cost analysis of a hybrid wind and diesel energy system on SNI, with conclusions following in Section 6. Appendix A presents summary pages of the hybrid system spreadsheet model, and Appendix B contains input and output files for the HYBRID2 program.
- Evaluation of gasification and novel thermal processes for the treatment of municipal solid waste
- This report identifies seven developers whose gasification technologies can be used to treat the organic constituents of municipal solid waste: Energy Products of Idaho; TPS Termiska Processor AB; Proler International Corporation; Thermoselect Inc.; Battelle; Pedco Incorporated; and ThermoChem, Incorporated. Their processes recover heat directly, produce a fuel product, or produce a feedstock for chemical processes. The technologies are on the brink of commercial availability. This report evaluates, for each technology, several kinds of issues. Technical considerations were material balance, energy balance, plant thermal efficiency, and effect of feedstock contaminants. Environmental considerations were the regulatory context, and such things as composition, mass rate, and treatability of pollutants. Business issues were related to likelihood of commercialization. Finally, cost and economic issues such as capital and operating costs, and the refuse-derived fuel preparation and energy conversion costs, were considered. The final section of the report reviews and summarizes the information gathered during the study.
- Space-charge-dominated beam dynamics simulations using the massively parallel processors (MPPs) of the Cray T3D
- Computer simulations using the multi-particle code PARMELA with a three-dimensional point-by-point space charge algorithm have turned out to be very helpful in supporting injector commissioning and operations at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab, formerly called CEBAF). However, this algorithm, which defines a typical N{sup 2} problem in CPU time scaling, is very time-consuming when N, the number of macro-particles, is large. Therefore, it is attractive to use massively parallel processors (MPPs) to speed up the simulations. Motivated by this, the authors modified the space charge subroutine for using the MPPs of the Cray T3D. The techniques used to parallelize and optimize the code on the T3D are discussed in this paper. The performance of the code on the T3D is examined in comparison with a Parallel Vector Processing supercomputer of the Cray C90 and an HP 735/15 high-end workstation.
- Early operating and reliability experience with the CEBAF DC magnet power supplies
- The CEBAF accelerator is a five pass, recirculating, CW electron linear accelerator. There are a total of nine recirculation arcs connecting the two linacs. Three experimental halls are serviced by the accelerator through separate transport channels. The magnet powering system for CEBAF consists of approximately 2000 independent control channels. About 1850 of these channels are low current, trim magnet power supplies. There are 28 higher power supplies used to energize the major bending elements. Over one hundred, 20 amp, active shunts are used to vary current in selected magnets in the major dipole strings. The majority of the magnetic elements are concentrated in the arcs and transport channels. The correction dipoles, quadrupoles and sextupoles are each powered individually be a dedicated trim power supply channel. The arc and extraction channel dipoles are powered in series strings by the high powered supplies, known locally at CEBAF as ``box power supplies``. Arc loads consist of some 30-40 magnets in series. Transport channel, path length control doglegs and septa box power supplies have loads ranging from 1 to 10 magnets. Shunts are installed on virtually all loads where two or more magnets are in series. At this time, 95{percent} of the power supplies are installed and commissioned. In the past twelve months, beginning in May 1994, approximately 1200 trim magnet power supplies have been checked out. During this same period approximately 22 box power supplies and 100 shunts have been made operational. Full operation of the equipment has only been under way since early 1995. While this operation is only just beginning, much has been learned based on the reliability performance seen so far. The remainder of this paper describes the systems mentioned, their reliability problems, the fixes implemented to date, and some plans for the future. 6 refs., 3 tabs.
- Jefferson Lab, a status report
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab; formerly known as CEBAF), operates a 4 GeV, 200 {micro}A continuous wave (CW) electron accelerator that re-circulates the beam five times through two superconducting 400 MeV linacs. Electrons can be extracted from any of the five recirculation passes and beam can be simultaneously delivered to the three experimental halls. As the commissioning stage nears completion, the accelerator is becoming a fully operational machine. Experiments in Hall C have been underway since November 1995 with beam powers of over 300 kW at various energies. Hall A has received beam for spectrometer commissioning, while Hall B is expected to receive its first beam in the fall of 1996. Accelerator availability of greater than 70% during physics runs and excellent beam quality have contributed to making Jefferson Lab a world class laboratory for accelerator-based electromagnetic nuclear physics. With the high performance of the superconducting RF cavities, machine upgrades to 6 GeV, and eventually 8 to 10 GeV are now in the planning stages. Operational and commissioning details concerning all aspects of the machine will be discussed.
- Transient coherent synchrotron radiation in magnetic bending systems
- Transient evolution of the power radiated coherently by a charged- particle bunch orbiting between two infinite, parallel conducting plates is calculated. The plates comprise an idealized vacuum pipe in a bending magnet. The bunch moves on a trajectory such that it suddenly diverts from a straight-line path to a circular orbit and begins radiating. The influence of the plates on the transients is contrasted to their shielding of the steady-state radiated power. The effect of the radiation field on beam emittance in a magnetic bending system is also quantified. 18 refs., 1 fig.
- Equipment design guidance document for flammable gas waste storage tank new equipment
- This document is intended to be used as guidance for design engineers who are involved in design of new equipment slated for use in Flammable Gas Waste Storage Tanks. The purpose of this document is to provide design guidance for all new equipment intended for application into those Hanford storage tanks in which flammable gas controls are required to be addressed as part of the equipment design. These design criteria are to be used as guidance. The design of each specific piece of new equipment shall be required, as a minimum to be reviewed by qualified Unreviewed Safety Question evaluators as an integral part of the final design approval. Further Safety Assessment may be also needed. This guidance is intended to be used in conjunction with the Operating Specifications Documents (OSDs) established for defining work controls in the waste storage tanks. The criteria set forth should be reviewed for applicability if the equipment will be required to operate in locations containing unacceptable concentrations of flammable gas.
- Acceptance test report for the 241-AN-107 caustic addition mixer pump data logger
- The Acceptance Test Procedure for the 241-AN-107 Caustic Addition Mixer Pump Data logger, WHC-SD-WM-ATP-149, was started on September 25, 1995, and completed November 13, 1995. K.G. Carothers of Tank Waste Remediation Engineering requested the test procedure and ICF Kaiser Control Systems Engineering group wrote the test procedure and executed it at the 305 building in 300 area and at the 241-AN Tank Farm in 200 East area. The purpose of this report is to document that the Caustic addition Mixer Pump Data logger, functioned as intended as installed at 241-AN-107 tank farm.
- The solubilities of significant organic compounds in HLW tank supernate solutions -- FY 1995 progress report
- At the Hanford Site organic compounds were measured in tank supernate simulant solutions during FY 1995. This solubility information will be used to determine if these organic salts could exist in solid phases (saltcake or sludges) in the waste where they might react violently with the nitrate or nitrite salts present in the tanks. Solubilities of sodium glycolate, succinate, and caproate salts; iron and aluminum and butylphosphate salts; and aluminum oxalate were measured in simulated waste supernate solutions at 25 {degree}C, 30 {degree}C, 40 {degree}C, and 50 {degree}C. The organic compounds were selected because they are expected to exist in relatively high concentrations in the tanks. The solubilities of sodium glycolate, succinate, caproate, and butylphosphate in HLW tank supernate solutions were high over the temperature and sodium hydroxide concentration ranges expected in the tanks. High solubilities will prevent solid sodium salts of these organic acids from precipitating from tank supernate solutions. The total organic carbon concentrations (YOC) of actual tank supernates are generally much lower than the TOC ranges for simulated supernate solutions saturated (at the solubility limit) with the organic salts. This is so even if all the dissolved carbon in a given tank and supernate is due to only one of these eight soluble compounds (an unlikely situation). Metal ion complexes of and butylphosphate and oxalate in supernate solutions were not stable in the presence of the hydroxide concentrations expected in most tanks. Iron and aluminum dibutylphosphate compounds reacted with hydroxide to form soluble sodium dibutylphosphate and precipitated iron and aluminum hydroxides. Aluminum oxalate complexes were also not stable in the basic simulated supernate solutions. Solubilities of all the organic salts decrease with increasing sodium hydroxide concentration because of the common ion effect of Na+. Increasing temperatures raised the solubilities of the organic salts, especially the succinate and …
- Passive magnetic bearings for vehicular electromechanical batteries
- No Description Available.
- Operating experience at CEBAF
- CEBAF, the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, is a 5-pass, recirculating, superconducting rf linac designed to provide exceptional beam quality at 4 GeV up to 200 {mu}A CW. It is made up of an injector, two 400-MeV linacs, and 9 recirculation arcs having a total beamline length of more than 4.5 km. On Nov. 5, 1995, CEBAF delivered a 4 GeV, 25-{mu}A CW electron beam to the first of 3 experimental halls and the experimental physics program was started 10 days later. Accelerator availability during the first month of the experimental run exceeded 75%. Beam properties measured in the experimental hall to date are a one sigma momentum spread of 5{times}10{sup -5} and an rms emittance of 0.2 nanometer-radians, better than design specification. CW beam has been provided from all 5 passes at 800 MeV intervals. Outstanding performance of the superconducting linacs suggests a machine energy upgrade to 6 GeV in the near term with eventual machine operation at 8-10 GeV. Results from commissioning and operations experience since the last conference are presented.
- Acceptance testing report of Eductor System to be installed in the 105 K Basins
- The Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) Project Engineering Support group cold-tested the Eductor System a 15 horsepower multi-stage centrifugal pump manufactured by the Grunfos Corporation with the housing manufactured and sold with the pump by the Tri-Nuclear Corporation and a 3-inch diameter water jet eductor manufactured by the Fox Valve Corporation. The Eductor System was tested to gather and document information to optimize sludge retrieval operations for use in the 105 K Basins. The cold-testing took place during February 12 through February 29, 1996 in the 305 Cold Test Facility basin located in the 300 area. The pump, utilized in conjunction with the eductor, makes up the core of the Eductor System. The pumping unit consists of a 15 hp stainless steel multi-stage centrifugal Grunfos pump which is seated in a stainless steel fabricated housing. Two baskets or filter elements make up part of the housing on the suction side of the pump. The pump can be used independent of the housing but the housing has two identified purposes. The first use is to stabilize the centrifugal pump and give the pneumatic valves and pump discharge piping a solid platform so the Eductor System can be more easily mobilized within the basin as one unit. The second use for the housing presents the option to utilize the suction-side filters for capturing larger fuel pieces after the smaller fines have been removed.
- Packaging design criteria for the MCO cask
- Approximately 2,100 metric tons of unprocessed, irradiated nuclear fuel elements are presently stored in the K Basins (including possibly 700 additional elements from PUREX, N Reactor, and 327 Laboratory). The basin water, particularly in the K East Basin, contains significant quantities of dissolved nuclear isotopes and radioactive fuel corrosion particles. To permit cleanup of the K Basins and fuel conditioning, the fuel will be transported from the 100 K Area to a Canister Storage Building (CSB) in the 200 East area. In order to initiate K Basin cleanup on schedule, the two-year fuel-shipping campaign must begin by December 1997. The purpose of this packaging design criteria is to provide criteria for the design, fabrication, and use of a packaging system to transport the large quantities of irradiated nuclear fuel elements positioned within Multiple Canister Overpacks.
- 100-D Ponds groundwater quality assessment
- The 100-D Ponds facility is regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976. The pH of groundwater in a downgradient well is statistically different than local background, triggering an assessment of groundwater contamination under 40 CFR 265.93. Results of a similar assessment, conducted in 1993, show that the elevated pH is caused by the presence of alkaline ash sediments beneath the ponds, which are not part of the RCRA unit. The 100-D Ponds should remain in indicator evaluation monitoring.
- Energy spread from rf amplitude and phase errors
- The energy spread in the beam due to rf amplitude and phase errors is calculated for multiple passes and off-crest operation. Effects of the slow phase errors and feedback systems are included in the calculation. If an rms energy spread requirement is to be met, a final formula gives the tradeoff between slow and fast phase errors and amplitude errors. Phase and amplitude stability requirements are derived for CEBAF IR DEMO FEL (free electron laser).
- PUREX storage tunnels waste analysis plan
- Washington Administrative Code 173-303-300 requires that a facility develop and follow a written waste analysis plan which describes the procedures that will be followed to ensure that its dangerous waste is managed properly. This document covers the activities at the PUREX Storage Tunnels used to characterize and designate waste that is generated within the PUREX Plant, as well as waste received from other on-site sources.
- Hanford Site emergency response needs, Volumes 1 and 2
- This report presents the results of a comprehensive third party needs assessment of the Hanford Fire Department (HFD), conducted by Hughes Associates Inc. The assessment was commissioned with the intent of obtaining an unbiased report which could be used as a basis for identifying needed changes/modifications to the fire department and its services. This report serves several functions: (1) it documents current and future site operations and associated hazards and risks identified as a result of document review, site and facility surveys, and interviews with knowledgeable personnel; (2) describes the HFD in terms of organization, existing resources and response capabilities; (3) identifies regulatory and other requirements that are applicable to the HFD and includes a discussion of associated legal liabilities; and (4) provides recommendations based on applicable requirements and existing conditions. Each recommendation is followed by a supporting statement to clarify the intent or justification of the recommendation. This report will be followed by a Master Plan document which will present an implementation method for the recommendations (with associated costs) considered to be essential to maintaining adequate, cost effective emergency services at the Hanford site in the next five to seven years.