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open access

Mutagenicity of fractionated test material from the synthetic fuel technology with bacterial systems

Description: The predictive value of short-term genetic tests, such as the Salmonella and Escherichia coli (K-12, 343/113) systems including microsomal activation, is well documented. We have applied the short-term testing to various crude products and effluents from the synthetic fuel technologies. Class fractionation and column chromatography of the test materials and the coupled bioassays can be used to identify the most active fractions (collaborative effort with Analytical Chemistry Division). Reversio… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Rao, T. K.; Young, J. A.; Hardigree, A. A.; Winton, W. & Epler, J. L.
open access

Inelastic scattering and deformation parameters

Description: In recent years there has been extensive study of nuclear shape parameters by electron scattering, ..mu.. meson atomic transitions, Coulomb excitation and direct nuclear inelastic scattering. Inelastic scattering of strongly absorbed particles, e.g., alpha-particles and heavy ions, at energies below and above the Coulomb barrier probe the charge and mass distributions within the nucleus. This paper summarizes measurements in this field performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Ford, J. L. C. Jr.
open access

Thyroid hypofunction appearing as a delayed manifestation of accidental exposure to radioactive fallout in a Marshallese population

Description: The increased incidence of thyroid nodularity and carcinoma appearing as a late effect after exposure of the human thyroid to ionizing radiation is well-recognized. Despite the high prevalence of thyroid nodularity in Marshallese inadvertently exposed to fallout in 1954, only two subjects, both about one year of age at exposure, have been found to have primary hypothyroidism. The recent availability of sophisticated immunoassay techniques for thyroxine (T/sub 4/) and thyrotropin (TSH) has allow… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Larsen, P. R.; Conard, R. A.; Knudsen, K.; Robbins, J.; Wolff, J.; Rall, J. E. et al.
open access

Simplified inelastic analysis methods applied to fast breeder reactor core design

Description: The paper starts with a review of some currently available simplified inelastic analysis methods used in elevated temperature design for evaluating plastic and thermal creep strains. The primary purpose of the paper is to investigate how these simplified methods may be applied to fast breeder reactor core design where neutron irradiation effects are significant. One of the problems discussed is irradiation-induced creep and its effect on shakedown, ratcheting, and plastic cycling. Another probl… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Abo-El-Ata, M. M.
open access

Analytic angular integration technique for generating multigroup transfer matrices

Description: Many detailed multigroup transport calculations require group-to-group Legendre transfer coefficients to represent scattering processes in various nuclides. These (fine-group) constants must first be generated from the basic data. An alternative technique for generating such data from the total scattering cross section of a particular nuclide on a pointwise energy basis, sigma(E'), and some information regarding the angular scattering distribution for each initial energy point is outlined. The … more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Bucholz, J. A.
open access

Stability of superheavy elements: rotation and internal excitation limits. [Nuclear, deformation two-center shell model with rotation and internal excitations]

Description: The rotation and internal excitation limits of stability of superheavy compound nuclei (formed, for example, by heavy-ion collisions) are studied. The work is based on a macroscopic-microscopic description of the deformation of a nucleus. The two-center shell model for fission is generalized to include rotation (microscopic description) and internal excitations (statistical description). The physical basis for this study is described and the calculated results of the stability of fission barrie… more
Date: March 6, 1978
Creator: Mustafa, M. G.
open access

Mass transfer changes induced in coal blocks during thermal processing

Description: In-situ processing of coals allows energy extraction from underground seams without usual societal and environmental costs of coal technology. Current concepts involve hot-gas underground processing to effect a partial oxidation of the coal, i.e., underground gasification. Modeling these processes requires comprehension of mass transfer mechanisms that drive the thermal transport processes within coal blocks. Mass transfer is initially limited by the relatively low permeability of the naturally… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Vanderborgh, N. E.; Bertino, J. P. & Hopkins, D. N.
open access

Pyrimidine dimer excision in exonuclease deficient mutants of Escherichia coli

Description: The rate of pyrimidine dimer excision has been measured in Escherichia coli strains deficient in exonuclease V, exonuclease VII, and the 5' ..-->.. 3' exonuclease of DNA polymerase I. The results suggest that a reduced level of the 5' ..-->.. 3' exonuclease of DNA polymerase I diminishes the rate of dimer excision and that an additional deficiency in exonuclease VII causes a significantly greater reduction in the cell's ability to remove dimers.
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Masker, W. E. & Chase, J. W.
open access

Superconducting transistor

Description: A three film superconducting tunneling device, analogous to a semiconductor transistor, is presented, including a theoretical description and experimental results showing a current gain of four. Much larger current gains are shown to be feasible. Such a development is particularly interesting because of its novelty and the striking analogies with the semiconductor junction transistor.
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Gray, K. E.
open access

Relationship of dose rate and total dose to responses of continuously irradiated beagles

Description: Young-adult beagles were exposed continuously (22 hours/day) to /sup 60/Co ..gamma.. rays in a specially constructed facility. The exposure rates were either 5, 10, 17, or 35 R/day, and the exposures were terminated at either 600, 1400, 2000, or 4000 R. A total of 354 dogs were irradiated; 221 are still alive as long-term survivors, some after more than 2000 days. The data on survival of these dogs, coupled with data from similar preliminary experiments, allow an estimate of the LD/sub 50/ for … more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Fritz, T. E.; Norris, W. P.; Tolle, D. V.; Seed, T. M.; Poole, C. M.; Lombard, L. S. et al.
open access

Two detector MWPC position camera with honeycomb lead converters for medical imaging: performance and developments

Description: A MWPC camera for Nuclear Medicine imaging with positron emitting isotopes has been built. The two planar detectors are converter coupled MWPC with sensitive area 48 x 48 cm/sup 2/ placed 50 cm apart with clear space in between for the patient. The effective sensitivity of 5.8% for each detector with a spatial resolution of 7 mm FWHM on the image plane is achieved by use of honeycomb lead-on-plastic onverters. Present performance in imaging test objects and in clinical applications is described… more
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Perez-Mendez, V.; Lim, C. B.; Ortendahl, D.; Semper, R.; Cheng, A.; Chu, D. et al.
open access

Egypt--United States cooperative energy assessment: report on preliminary discussions

Description: Egyptian and U.S. Government representatives met in Cairo during the period of February 14-22, 1978 to discuss a cooperative Egypt-U.S. assessment of the energy demand and supply options available to Egypt. This report summarizes those preliminary discussions. The discussions accomplished the following: the background and objectives of the U.S. initiative for a cooperative energy assessment with Egypt were explained; Egyptian electric energy activities and their priorities were presented; metho… more
Date: April 1, 1978
open access

Predicting the rate by which suspended solids plug geothermal injection wells

Description: Standard membrane filtration tests were used to evaluate injection at the Salton Sea Geothermal Field, Southern California. Results indicate that direct injection into reservoir zones with primary porosity is not feasible unless 1 ..mu..m or larger particulates formed during or after the energy conversion process are removed. (JGB)
Date: January 9, 1978
Creator: Owens, L. B.; Kasameyer, P. W.; Netherton, R. & Thorson, L.
open access

Plasma surface interactions in Q-enhanced mirror systems

Description: Two approaches to enhancement of the Q (energy gain) factor of mirror systems are under study at Livermore. These include the Tandem Mirror and the Field Reversed Mirror. Both of these new ideas preserve features of conventional mirror systems as far as plasma-wall interactions are concerned. Specifically in both approaches field lines exit from the ends of the system and impinge on walls located at a distance from the confinement chamber. It is possible to predict some aspects of the plasma/su… more
Date: March 23, 1978
Creator: Post, R. F.
open access

Local measurements in two-phase liquid-metal MHD

Description: Since the inception of the development of a two-phase liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic (LMMHD) power generation system at Argonne National Laboratory, increasing emphasis has been placed on the relation between the characteristics of local two-phase flow structure and LMMHD generator efficiency. During the past year a local-measurements program has been undertaken to characterize the local flow structure occurring inside two-phase LMMHD mixers and generators. Continuing local-measurement experi… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Fabris, G.; Dunn, P. F. & Pierson, E. S.
open access

Solar-thermochemical production of hydrogen from water

Description: There is a widespread interest in the development of a ''hydrogen economy'' as an eventual solution to many of the problems associated with the growing energy crisis. Hydrogen is also valuable as a chemical intermediate. As fossil sources become inadequate, large scale hydrogen production must utilize energy sources such as solar energy for the decomposition of water by thermochemical cycles, electrolysis or perhaps, by a hybrid combination of these methods. The potential higher efficiency and … more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Cox, K. E. & Bowman, M. G.
open access

Performance of smokeless gasoline fire test facility. [Shipping casks]

Description: Packaging for radioactive materials must perform satisfactorily when subjected to temperatures simulating an accident involving a fire. The new thermal test facility has proved to be a reliable method for satisfactorily performing the required test. The flame provides sufficient heat to assure that the test is valid, and the temperature can be controlled satisfactorily. Also, the air and water mist systems virtually eliminate any smoke and thereby exceed the local EPA requirements. The combinat… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Griffin, J. F. & Watkins, R. A.
open access

Effects of a massive pulse injection of NO/sub x/ into the stratosphere

Description: Recent measurements of chemical reaction rates have greatly reduced the modeled sensitivity of stratospheric ozone toward injections of NO/sub x/ (NO/sub x/ = NO + NO/sub 2/) in amounts comparable to the natural NO/sub x/ inventory. Most of this reduced effect results from interference between NO/sub x/ and HO/sub x/ catalytic ozone destruction mechanisms. For very large NO/sub x/ injections (such as might be generated from a major nuclear exchange involving devices of greater than one megaton … more
Date: April 1, 1978
Creator: Duewer, W. H.; Wuebbles, D. J. & Chang, J. S.
open access

Compatibility Testing of Vitrified Waste Forms

Description: This paper describes an experimental program to evaluate candidate metals for use in the fabrication of canisters for long-term storage of vitrified radioactive wastes.
Date: March 6, 1978
Creator: Rankin, W. N.
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