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Overview of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003
Description:
This report examines the the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003, which creates a prescription drug benefit for Medicare beneficiaries and establishes a new Medicare Advantage program to replace the current Medicare+Choice program.
Date:
December 6, 2004
Creator:
O'Sullivan, Jennifer; Chaikind, Hinda; Tilson, Sibyl; Boulanger, Jennifer & Morgan, Paulette
The 2003 Tax Cut: Proposals and Issues
Description:
This report provides a brief description of each tax cut proposal, including major proposals offered by the Democrats in both the House and the Senate during 2003. It discusses the distributional affects of the proposals and potential effects on short and long term economic growth.
Date:
July 16, 2004
Creator:
Brumbaugh, David L. & Richards, Don C.
Energy Policy: The Continuing Debate and Omnibus Energy Legislation
Description:
This report discusses a variety of issues pertaining to energy policy. It includes information about most recent developments, background and analysis broken down into major categories, and relevant legislation.
Date:
November 24, 2004
Creator:
Bamberger, Robert L.
Title IX, Sex Discrimination, and Intercollegiate Athletics: A Legal Overview
Description:
This report provides an overview of Title IX in general and of the intercollegiate athletics regulations in particular. It includes a summary of the report issued by the Commission on Opportunity in Athletics and the Department of Education's (ED's) response with a discussion of recent legal challenges to the regulations and to the three-part test.
Date:
May 24, 2004
Creator:
Feder, Jody
Trade Negotiations During the 109th Congress
Description:
This report discusses trade issues in the 109th Congress. For over 50 years, U.S. trade officials have negotiated multilateral trade agreements to achieve lower trade barriers and rules to cover international trade. During the 108th Congress, U.S. officials negotiated and Congress approved four bilateral free-trade agreements with Australia, Chile, Morocco, and Singapore.
Date:
December 16, 2004
Creator:
Fergusson, Ian F. & Sek, Lenore M.
Social Security Reform
Description:
This report examines the debate over the future of the Social Security system. It includes discussion of recent developments; background and analysis with information about the basic debate, specific area of contention, reform initiatives; and relevant legislation.
Date:
December 9, 2004
Creator:
Nuschler, Dawn
Safe Drinking Water Act: Implementation and Issues
Description:
This report discusses key drinking water issues in the 108th Congress involving water infrastructure funding and problems caused by specific contaminants, such as the gasoline additive methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), perchlorate, and lead in drinking water. Congress last reauthorized the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in 1996, and although funding authority for most SDWA programs expired in FY2003, broad reauthorization efforts were not pursued as EPA, states, and water utilities continued …
more
Date:
December 8, 2004
Creator:
Tiemann, Mary
Congressional Salaries and Allowances
Description:
This report provides basic information on congressional salaries and allowances. First, the report briefly summarizes the current salary of Members of Congress, limits on their outside earned income and honoraria, and applicable health insurance and retirement benefits. Second, it provides information on allowances available to Representatives and Senators to support them in their official and representational duties as Members. Third, it provides the salaries and allowances available to the Sp…
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Date:
August 5, 2004
Creator:
Dwyer, Paul E.
Title IX and Sex Discrimination in Education: An Overview
Description:
This report provides an overview of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, and the various aspects of education affected by this law. Although Title IX has been only partially successful in eliminating sex discrimination in education, the effects of this legislation have been far-reaching.
Date:
March 4, 2004
Creator:
Galemore, Gary L.
Clean Water Act Issues in the 108th Congress
Description:
This report discusses issues regarding the Clean Water Act. Prospects for legislative initiatives to comprehensively amend the Clean Water Act (CWA) have stalled for some time over whether and exactly how to change the law, and Congress has recently focused legislative attention on narrow bills to extend or modify selected CWA programs, rather than taking up comprehensive proposals. For example, the 108th Congress enacted one bill amending the CWA, legislation to reauthorize the National Estuar…
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Date:
December 6, 2004
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
Brownfields and Superfund Issues in the 108th Congress
Description:
This report discusses the Superfund program for cleaning up the nation's worst hazardous waste sites, created by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, or CERCLA (P.L. 96-510, as amended). It includes recent development and background issues, superfund issues, revenue issues, comprehensive reauthorization, and legislation regarding superfund program.
Date:
October 27, 2004
Creator:
Reisch, Mark
Telecommunications Discounts for Schools and Libraries: The "E-Rate" Program and Controversies
Description:
This report addresses the controversial issues surrounding the E-rate program's implementation and subsequent legislative measures introduced to address these issues. An additional issue, concern that minors may gain access to "inappropriate" material through the Internet has also had an impact on the E-rate program.
Date:
November 10, 2004
Creator:
Gilroy, Angele A.
The Adverse Effect Wage Rate (AEWR)
Description:
This report introduces the adverse effect wage rate (AEWR) and the concerns out of which it grew, from the perspective of labor policy (not of immigration policy). American agricultural employers have long utilized foreign workers on a temporary basis, regarding them as an important manpower resource. Often employed at low wages and under adverse conditions, such alien workers, some argue, may compete unfairly with U.S. workers. To mitigate any "adverse effect" for the domestic workforce, a sys…
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Date:
April 5, 2004
Creator:
Whittaker, William G.
Federal Research and Development: Budgeting and Priority-Setting Issues, 108th Congress
Description:
This report discusses federal funding for research and development. National R&D funding continues to grow, but the federal R&D share has declined to less than 30% of the total. Debates focus on which fields of federal R&D should be increased and how to set priorities and to "balance" health and nonhealth fields.
Date:
December 1, 2004
Creator:
Knezo, Genevieve J.
Frequently Asked Questions Concerning the Federal Income Tax
Description:
This report addresses some of the frequently asked historical, constitutional, procedural, and legal questions concerning the federal income tax.
Date:
May 7, 2001
Creator:
Luckey, John R.
School Choice: Current Legislation
Description:
This report provides an overview of current local, state, and federal policies and programs that support school choice and identifies and summarizes recent federal school choice legislation.
Date:
November 24, 2004
Creator:
Smole, David P.
The Davis-Bacon Act: Issues and Legislation During the 108th Congress
Description:
This report discusses the debate surrounding the Davis-Bacon Act (1931, as amended), which requires, among other things, that not less than the locally-prevailing wage be paid to workers employed in federal contract construction. Through recent decades, the Act has become a continuing source of contention, particularly regarding its impacts, whether it should be modified, strengthened, or repealed, and if it is being administered effectively.
Date:
March 19, 2004
Creator:
Whittaker, William G.
Social Security Reform: Economic Issues
Description:
This report tackles the issue of Social Security reform from an economic perspective that focuses not merely on reform that achieves programmatic sustainability (sustainability within the trust fund), but reform that achieves sustainability for the government and economy as a whole. The President has indicated that Social Security reform will be a major issue in the 109th Congress. For some time comprehensive reform has been an issue of debate in Congress, but no major action has occurred.
Date:
December 3, 2004
Creator:
Gravelle, Jane & Labonte, Marc
Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: The CAFE Standards
Description:
This report discusses energy legislation pertaining to fuel standards. The current corporate average fuel economy standard (CAFE) is 27.5 miles per gallon (mpg) for passenger automobiles and 20.7 mpg for light trucks (scheduled to increase to 22.2 mpg in model year [MY] 2007), a classification that also includes sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Congress had included language in the FY1996-FY2001 Transportation Appropriations prohibiting the use of appropriated funds for any rulemaking on CAFE, ef…
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Date:
November 4, 2004
Creator:
Bamberger, Robert
21st Century Community Learning Centers in P.L. 107-110: Background and Funding
Description:
This report summarizes the major provisions of the reauthorized 21st Century Community Learning Centers (21st CCLC) program. It includes sections on fundings, national reservations, formula grants to states, competitive local grants, history, program effectiveness, and relevant legislation in the 107th Congress.
Date:
March 16, 2004
Creator:
McCallion, Gail
Major Tax Issues in the 108th Congress
Description:
This report provides an overview of major tax issues. It begins by describing three aspects of the economic context in which the tax policy debate during 2004 is likely to occur: the general state of the U.S. economy; the position of the federal budget; and the level of taxes in the United States.
Date:
December 2, 2004
Creator:
Brumbaugh, David L.
Campaign Financing
Description:
This report discusses various issues regarding campaign finance law and potential options for policy responses.
Date:
December 17, 2004
Creator:
Cantor, Joseph E.
Background and Legal Issues Related to Stem Cell Research
Description:
This report discusses issues regarding stem cell research. With certain restrictions, the President has announced that federal funds may be used to conduct research on human embryonic stem cells. Federal research is limited to "the more than 60" existing stem cell lines that were derived (1) with the informed consent of the donors; (2) from excess embryos created solely for reproductive purposes; and (3) without any financial inducements to the donors. No federal funds will be used for the deri…
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Date:
October 26, 2004
Creator:
Shimabukuro, Jon O.
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CRS Issue Briefs
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198
110th Congress
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177
109th Congress
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174
108th Congress
97
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Fiscal Year 2009
68
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111th Congress
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107th Congress
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Fiscal Year 2004
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Fiscal Year 2011
17
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106th Congress
16
16
Fiscal Year 2002
15
15
Fiscal Year 2001
12
12
Fiscal Year 2000
10
10
Fiscal Year 1998
7
7
Fiscal Year 1999
7
7
105th Congress
6
6
Fiscal Year 1991
6
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Fiscal Year 1992
6
6
Fiscal Year 1993
6
6
Fiscal Year 1994
6
6
Fiscal Year 1995
6
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Fiscal Year 1996
6
6
Fiscal Year 1997
6
6
104th Congress
5
5
Fiscal Year 1984
5
5
Fiscal Year 1986
5
5
Fiscal Year 1987
5
5
Fiscal Year 1988
5
5
Fiscal Year 1989
5
5
Fiscal Year 1990
5
5
Fiscal Year 2012
5
5
100th Congress
4
4
101st Congress
4
4
102nd Congress
4
4
103rd Congress
4
4
98th Congress
4
4
99th Congress
4
4
Fiscal Year 1980
4
4
Fiscal Year 1981
4
4
Fiscal Year 1982
4
4
Fiscal Year 1983
4
4
Fiscal Year 1985
4
4
112th Congress
3
3
95th Congress
3
3
96th Congress
3
3
97th Congress
3
3
94th Congress
2
2
Fiscal Year 1970
2
2
Fiscal Year 1971
2
2
Fiscal Year 1972
2
2
Fiscal Year 1973
2
2
Fiscal Year 1974
2
2
Fiscal Year 1975
2
2
Fiscal Year 1976
2
2
Fiscal Year 1977
2
2
Fiscal Year 1978
2
2
Fiscal Year 1979
2
2
Fiscal Year 2013
2
2
114th Congress
1
1
Fiscal Year 2014
1
1
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Afghanistan
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16
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Iraq
37
37
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10
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9
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6
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2
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8
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Mexico
15
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8
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1
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5
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6
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2
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8
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8
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6
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23
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4
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Slovakia
8
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Slovenia
8
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5
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South Africa
2
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5
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8
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8
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2
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4
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1
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14
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4
4
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3
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7
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