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Intelligence Issues for Congress

Description: To address the challenges facing the U.S. Intelligence Community in the 21st Century, Congressional and executive branch initiatives have sought to improve coordination among the different agencies and to encourage better analysis. In December 2004, the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (P.L. 108-458) was signed, providing for a Director of National Intelligence (DNI) with substantial authorities to manage the national intelligence effort. The legislation calls for a separate Dir… more
Date: January 11, 2006
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
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Lebanon

Description: The United States and Lebanon continue to enjoy good relations. Prominent current issues between the United States and Lebanon include progress toward a Lebanon-Israel a peace treaty, U.S. aid to Lebanon, and Lebanon’s capacity to stop Hizballah militia attacks on Israel. The United States supports Lebanon’s independence and favored the end of Israeli and Syrian occupation of parts of Lebanon. Israel withdrew from southern Lebanon on May 23, 2000, and Syria completed withdrawing its forces on A… more
Date: January 19, 2006
Creator: Prados, Alfred B.
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Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues

Description: Syria, governed by President Hafiz al-Asad from 1970 until his death in June 2000, is a prominent player in the Middle East scene. Within the region, a number of borders disputes, problems of resource allocation, and political rivalries have caused frequent tensions between Syria and its neighbors. In particular, the Syrian Golan Heights territory, which Israel has occupied since 1967, has been one of the most intractable issues in the Arab-Israeli dispute.
Date: January 19, 2006
Creator: Prados, Alfred B.
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Russia

Description: Vladimir Putin won reelection as Russian President in March 2004, in an exercise in “managed democracy” in which he took 71% of the vote and faced no serious competition. The pro-Putin Unified Russia party similarly swept the parliamentary election in December 2003 and controls more than two-thirds of the seats in the Duma. Also in March, Putin replaced long-serving Premier Kasyanov with a little-known bureaucrat, Mikhail Fradkov, indicating Putin’s intent to take the reins of the government ev… more
Date: January 6, 2006
Creator: Goldman, Stuart D.
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Space Stations

Description: congress continues to debate NASA’s International Space Station (ISS), a permanently occupied facility in Earth orbit where astronauts live and conduct research. Congress appropriated approximately $35 billion for the program from FY1985-2005. The initial FY2006 ISS request was $2.180 billion: $1.857 billion for construction and operations and $324 million for research to be conducted by ISS crews. In a July budget the amendment, NASA transferred $168 million for ISS Crew/Cargo Services to anot… more
Date: January 4, 2006
Creator: Smith, Marcia S.
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Renewable Energy: Tax Credit, Budget, and Electricity Production Issues

Description: Renewable energy is derived from resources that are generally not depleted by human use, such as the sun, wind, and water movement. This report discusses various aspects of policy regarding renewable energy including tax credits and budget legislation.
Date: January 20, 2006
Creator: Sissine, Fred
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Gasoline Prices: New Legislation and Proposals

Description: This report discusses policy options for Congress regarding gas prices. The high price of gasoline was an important consideration during the debate on major energy legislation, which ended August 8 as the President signed the Energy Policy Act of 2005, H.R. 6 (P.L. 109-58). However, prices continued to surge, spiking at the end of August when Hurricane Katrina shut down refining operations in the Gulf of Mexico. The continuing crisis renewed attention to some issues that were dropped or comprom… more
Date: January 10, 2006
Creator: Behrens, Carl E. & Glover, Carol
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India-U.S. Relations

Description: This report discusses issues regarding contemporary relations between India and the U.S. Continuing U.S. interest in South Asia focuses on ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan, a problem rooted in unfinished business from the 1947 Partition and competing claims to the Kashmir region. The United States also seeks to curtail the proliferation of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles in South Asia. U.S. concerns about human rights issues related to regional dissidence and separatism in sev… more
Date: February 9, 2006
Creator: Kronstadt, K. Alan
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The Middle East Peace Talks

Description: This report discusses the Middle East peace talks, including the new peace process with the most recent developments,and the war against terrorism.
Date: January 13, 2006
Creator: Migdalovitz, Carol
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Exempting Food and Agriculture Products from U.S. Economic Sanctions: Status and Implementation

Description: Falling agricultural exports and declining commodity prices led farm groups and agribusiness firms to urge the 106th Congress to pass legislation exempting foods and agricultural commodities from U.S. economic sanctions against certain countries. In completing action on the FY2001 agriculture appropriations bill, Congress codified the lifting of unilateral sanctions on commercial sales of food, agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical products to Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Sudan, and … more
Date: January 20, 2006
Creator: Jurenas, Remy
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Broadband Internet Regulation and Access: Background and Issues

Description: This is one part in the series of reports that provide a background and analysis, and most recent developments regarding broadband or high-speed Internet access. The report starts out by answering questions; what is broadband and why is it important? This report also discusses broadband technologies, the status of broadband deployment and the related policy issues, as well as the legislation in congress.
Date: January 26, 2006
Creator: Gilroy, Angele A. & Kruger, Lennard G.
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Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests

Description: This report provides an overview of U.S. policy concerns and relations with countries in central Asia. The report discusses issues such as Fostering Pro-Western Orientations, Obstacles to Peace and Independence, Democratization and Human Rights, Security and Arms Control, Trade and Investment, and provides an Aid Overview.
Date: January 24, 2006
Creator: Nichol, Jim
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Intelligence Issues for Congress

Description: This report discusses legislative initiatives to address the challenges facing the U.S. Intelligence Community in the 21st century.
Date: February 17, 2006
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
open access

Terrorism and National Security: Issues and Trends

Description: Report on the threats to national security posed by terrorism, including recent developments, background issues, policy responses, and more.
Date: February 21, 2006
Creator: Perl, Raphael F.
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War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance

Description: Report on the War Powers Resolution and an examination of its use, including recent developments, background issues, United Nations actions, and more.
Date: February 14, 2006
Creator: Grimmett, Richard F.
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