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Lignite in Greece

Description: From Summary and Conclusions: "The objective of this investigation has been stated above in the Introduction. Studies were made of mining operations in the Athens Basin, Rafina and Oropos districts; the Kimi and Aliveri areas on the island of Euboea; and the Peloponnese in the vicinity of Kalamai. (See fig. 2). Mining practices at mines in these areas are summarized briefly in this report. Samples of lignite were shipped to Bureau of Mines experiment stations at Pittsburgh, Pa., and Golden, Col… more
Date: 1951
Creator: Toenges, Albert L.; Crentz, W. L.; Parks, B. C. & Abernethy, R. F.
open access

The Bureau of Mines Routine Method for the Analysis of Crude Petroleum (In Three Parts): [Part] 1. The Analytical Method

Description: From Scope of Report: "The present report is part I of a bulletin that describes and interprets the analyses of crude oils. It gives details of the procedure, describes the apparatus, and discuses briefly the ancillary methods used to obtain pertinent information regarding the characteristics of the samples."
Date: 1951
Creator: Smith, N. A. C.; Smith, H. M.; Blade, O. C. & Garton, E. L.
open access

Methods of Analyzing Coal and Coke

Description: From Introduction: "The Bureau of Mines has received many requests for information concerning the methods its laboratories use for analyzing coal and coke and determining their heating value."
Date: 1951
Creator: Fieldner, A. C. & Selvig, W. A.
open access

Helium-Bearing Natural Gases of the United States: Analyses and Analytical Methods

Description: Report published by the U.S. Bureau of Mines containing the results of a survey of the natural gas resources available in the United States. From the summary:"The Results of a Bureau of Mines survey of helium resources are given in this report and comprise gas analyses and accompanying data on more than 2,100 samples that have been collected in 30 States. The survey to determine the Nation's helium resources has been carried on in all natural-gas-producing areas of the United States since the… more
Date: 1951
Creator: Anderson, C. C. & Hinson, H. H.
open access

Aviation Gasoline and its Component Hydrocarbons: Wartime Research (1940-45)

Description: From Scope and Plan: "As the table of contents indicates, the present report summarizes the important data obtained from the research on aviation gasoline during the period 1940-45, exclusive of the data on jet-propulsion fuels. The report is divided into an introduction giving the historical background for the work, two chapters, and an appendix. The first chapter presents the data in a series of 15 tables carefully cross-indexed and supplemented by 19 charts showing the composition of as many… more
Date: 1951
Creator: Smith, H. M.; Kraemer, A. J. & Thorne, H. M.
open access

Fluid Flow Through Packed and Fluidized Systems

Description: From Introduction: "Examination of published correlations revealed that considerable uncertainty existed in the correlation of the operating variables of such equipment with the pressure drops which could be expected through packaged and fluidized systems; correlations proposed in the literature differed from each other frequently by as much as 75 to 100 percent. The following study was begun in 1946 to develop correlations that would be suitable for the design of new equipment in which fluids … more
Date: 1951
Creator: Leva, M.; Weintraub, M.; Grummer, M.; Pollchik, M. & Storch, H. H.
open access

Carbonizing Properties: Chilton Coal from Lorado Number 5 Mine, Lorado, Logan County, West Virginia

Description: From Forward: "The value of this survey of the carbonizing properties of American coals by a standard method lies in the comparability of the results on different coals. A secondary objective of the Bureau of Mines carbonization studies is to obtain information on the chemical and physical properties of different coals that may effect the yield and nature of the gas, coke, and byproducts."
Date: 1951
Creator: Davis, J. D.; Reynolds, D. A.; Wolfson, D. E.; Naugle, B. W. & Ode, W. H.
open access

Acid-Mine-Drainage Problems: Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania

Description: Report from the U.S. Bureau of Mines discussing the anthracite region of Pennsylvania and the efforts to prevent coal-mine drainage into nearby streams. According to the introduction, "The purpose of this report is not to develop a practicable or feasible method or process of treating acid mine water but rather to present available factual and deduced data that may be useful in showing pH range over which the treatment is to take place and the sludge products most likely to be handled" (p. 2).
Date: 1951
Creator: Ash, S. H. (Simon Harry), b. 1889; Felegy, E. W.; Kennedy, D. O. & Miller, P. S.
open access

United States Earthquakes, 1951

Description: Report discussing earthquake activity in the United States during 1951. The report is broken down by regions and has sections for specific earthquakes.
Date: 1951
open access

Method for Estimating Lift Interference of Wing-Body Combinations at Supersonic Speeds

Description: Memorandum presenting the use of the modified slender-body method to predict the lift and moment interference of triangular wing-body combinations adapted to combinations with other than triangular wings. The methods are applied to the prediction of the lit-curve slopes of nearly 100 triangular, rectangular, and trapezoidal wing-body configurations.
Date: December 31, 1951
Creator: Nielsen, Jack N. & Kaattari, George E.
open access

NACA Investigations of Icing-Protection Systems for Turbojet-Engine Installations

Description: "Investigations have been made in flight and in wind tunnels to determine which components of turbojet installations are most critical in icing conditions, and to evaluate several methods of icing protection. From these studies, the requirements necessary for adequate icing protection and the consequent penalties on engine performance can be estimated. Because investigations have indicated that the compressor-inlet screen constitutes the greatest icing hazard and is difficult to protect, comple… more
Date: May 2, 1951
Creator: von Glahn, Uwe; Callaghan, Edmund E. & Gray, Vernon H.
open access

X-Ray Diffraction Study of the Internal Structure of Supercooled Water

Description: From Summary: "A Bragg X-ray spectrometer equipped with a volume-sensitive Geiger counter and Soller slits and employing filtered molybdenum Ka radiation was used to obtain a set of diffracted intensity curves as a Punction of angle for supercooled water. Diffracted intensity curves in the temperature region of 21 to -16 C were obtained. The minimum between the two main diffraction peaks deepened continuously with lowering temperature, indicating a gradual change in the internal structure of th… more
Date: October 1951
Creator: Dorsch, Robert G. & Boyd, Bemrose
open access

Effectiveness of Thermal-Pneumatic Airfoil-Ice-Protection System

Description: From Summary: "Icing and drag investigations were conducted in the NACA Lewis icing research tunnel employing a combination thermal-pneumatic de-icer mounted on a 42-inch-chord NACA 0018 airfoil. The de-icer consisted of a 3-inch-wide electrically heated strip symmetrically located about the leading edge with inflatable tubes on the upper and lower airfoil surfaces aft of the heated area. The entire de-icer extended to approximately 25 percent of chord. A maximum power density of 9.25 watts per… more
Date: April 13, 1951
Creator: Gowan, William H., Jr. & Mulholland, Donald R.
open access

Calculated Performance of a Direct-Air Nuclear Turbojet-Powered Airplane Using a Split-Flow Reactor and a Separated-Type Shield

Description: Memorandum presenting an analysis made to estimate the performance of a direct-air nuclear turbojet-powered airplane using a split-flow reactor and a separated-type shield. The analysis was for flight Mach numbers of 0.9 and 1.5 and covered a range of altitudes, reactor-wall temperatures, turbine-inlet temperatures, compressor pressure ratios, and airplane lift-drag ratios.
Date: February 1951
Creator: Doyle, R. B.
open access

An Empirical Method Permitting Rapid Determination of the Area, Rate and Distribution of Water-Drop Impingement on an Airfoil of Arbitrary Section at Subsonic Speeds

Description: "An empirical method for the determination of the area, rate, and distribution of water-drop impingement on airfoils of arbitrary section is presented. The procedure represents an initial step toward the development of a method which is generally applicable in the design of thermal ice-prevention equipment for airplane wing and tail surfaces. Results given by the proposed empirical method are expected to be sufficiently accurate for the purpose of heated-wing design, and can be obtained from a … more
Date: September 1951
Creator: Bergrun, Norman R.
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Flight Instrument for Measurement of Liquid-Water Content in Clouds at Temperatures Above and Below Freezing

Description: "A principle formerly used in an instrument for cloud detection was further investigated to provide a simple and rapid means for measuring the liquid-water content of clouds at temperatures above and below freezing. The instrument consists of a small cylindrical element so operated at high surface temperatures that the impingement of cloud droplets creates a significant drop in the surface temperature. The instrument is sensitive to a wide range of liquid-water content and was calibrated at one… more
Date: March 6, 1951
Creator: Perkins, Porter J.
open access

A Simplified Instrument for Recording and Indicating Frequency and Intensity of Icing Conditions Encountered in Flight

Description: Memorandum presenting an instrument for recording and indicating the frequency and intensity of aircraft icing conditions to obtain statistical icing data over worldwide air routes during routine airline operations. Data of this type is needed to provide pertinent meteorological information necessary for the optimum design of ice-protection systems. The features that make this particular instrument desirable include the simplicity of operation, freedom from maintenance and operating problems, a… more
Date: July 3, 1951
Creator: Perkins, Porter J.; McCullough, Stuart & Lewis, Ralph D.
open access

An Instrument Employing a Coronal Discharge for the Determination of Droplet-Size Distribution in Clouds

Description: From Summary: "A flight instrument that uses electric means for measuring the droplet-size distribution in above-freezing clouds has been devised and given preliminary evaluation in flight. An electric charge is placed on the droplets and they are separated aerodynamically according to their mass. Because the charge placed on the droplets is a. function of the droplet size, the size spectrum can 'be determined by measurement of the charge deposited on cylinders of several different sizes placed… more
Date: September 1951
Creator: Brun, Rinaldo J.; Levine, Joseph & Kleinknecht, Kenneth S.
open access

Adaptation of a Cascade Impactor to Flight Measurement of Droplet Size in Clouds

Description: "A cascade impactor, an instrument for obtaining the size distribution of droplets borne in a low-velocity air stream, was adapted for flight cloud droplet-size studies. The air containing the droplets was slowed down from flight speed by a diffuser to the inlet-air velocity of the impactor" (p. 1).
Date: September 18, 1951
Creator: Levine, Joseph & Kleinknecht, Kenneth S.
open access

Comparison of Heat Transfer from Airfoil in Natural and Simulated Icing Conditions

Description: "An investigation of the heat transfer from an airfoil in clear air and in simulated icing conditions was conducted in the NACA Lewis 6- by 9-foot icing-research tunnel in order to determine the validity of heat-transfer data as obtained in the tunnel. This investigation was made on the same model NACA 65,2-016 airfoil section used in a previous flight study, under similar heating, icing, and operating conditions. The effect of tunnel turbulence, in clear air and in icing was indicated by the f… more
Date: September 1951
Creator: Gelder, Thomas F. & Lewis, James P.
open access

A General Correlation of Temperature Profiles Downstream of a Heated-Air Jet Directed Perpendicularly to an Air Stream

Description: "An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the temperature profile downstream of a heated-air jet directed perpendicularly to an air stream. The profiles were determined at several positions downstream of the jet as functions of jet density, jet velocity, free-stream density, free-stream velocity, jet temperature, and orifice flow coefficient. A method is presented which yields a good approximation of the temperature profile in terms of dimensionless parameters of the flow and ge… more
Date: September 1951
Creator: Callaghan, Edmund E. & Ruggeri, Robert S.
open access

Theoretical Investigation of Submerged Inlets at Low Speeds

Description: From Summary: "The general characteristics of the flow field in a submerged air inlet are investigated by theoretical, wind-tunnel, and visual-flow studies. Equations are developed for calculating the laminar and turbulent boundary-layer growth along the ramp floor for parallel, divergent, and convergent ramp walls, and a general equation is derived relating the boundary-layer pressure losses to the boundary-layer thickness. It is demonstrated that the growth of the boundary layer on the floor … more
Date: August 1951
Creator: Sacks, Alvin H. & Spreiter, John R.
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