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open access

10 microsecond time resolution studies of Cygnus X-1

Description: Time variability analyses have been applied to data composed of event times of X-rays emitted from the binary system Cygnus X-1 to search for unique black hole signatures. The X-ray data analyzed was collected at ten microsecond time resolution or better from two instruments, the High Energy Astrophysical Observatory (HEAO) A-1 detector and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (XTE) Proportional Counter Array (PCA). HEAO A-1 and RXTE/PCA collected data from 1977--79 and from 1996 on with energy sens… more
Date: June 1, 1997
Creator: Wen, H.C.
open access

The addition of disilanes to cumulenes

Description: The syntheses of silicon-containing compounds and the studies of their rearrangements have been active research areas in the Barton research group. Previously, the addition of disilanes to acetylenes was studied in the group and an intramolecular 2S + 2A mechanism has been proposed. In this thesis, the work is focused on the addition of disilanes to cumulenes. The syntheses of the precursors are discussed and the possible mechanisms for their thermal, photochemical and catalytic rearrangements … more
Date: October 8, 1997
Creator: Chen, Y.
open access

Anomalous loss of DT alpha particles in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

Description: An escaping alpha collector probe has been developed for TFTR`s DT phase. Energy distributions of escaping alphas have been determined by measuring the range of {alpha}-particles implanted into nickel foils located within the alpha collector. Results at 1.0 MA of plasma current are in good agreement with predictions for first orbit alpha loss. Results at 1.8 MA, however, show a significant anomalous loss of partially thermalized alphas (in addition to the expected first orbit loss), which is no… more
Date: September 1, 1997
Creator: Herrmann, H.W.
open access

Atomic holography with electrons and x-rays: Theoretical and experimental studies

Description: Gabor first proposed holography in 1948 as a means to experimentally record the amplitude and phase of scattered wavefronts, relative to a direct unscattered wave, and to use such a {open_quotes}hologram{close_quotes} to directly image atomic structure. But imaging at atomic resolution has not yet been possible in the way he proposed. Much more recently, Szoeke in 1986 noted that photoexcited atoms can emit photoelectron of fluorescent x-ray wavefronts that are scattered by neighboring atoms, t… more
Date: June 1, 1997
Creator: Len, P. M.
open access

Compliance program for 40 CFR 61, Subpart H at Los Alamos National Laboratory

Description: Effective on March 15, 1990, the Environmental Protection Agency established regulations controlling the emission of radionuclides to the air from Department of Energy facilities to limit the dose to the public to 10 mrem/yr. These regulations are detailed in 40 CFR 61, Subpart H, {open_quotes}National Emission Standards for Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon from Department of Energy Facilities{close_quotes}. Part of these regulations require the operation of sampling systems on stack… more
Date: January 1, 1997
Creator: McNamara, E.A.
open access

Construction of artificial pigment-protein antennae

Description: Photosynthesis is a complex process which results in the conversion of solar radiation into chemical energy. This chemical energy is then used as the free energy source for all living organisms. In its basic form, photosynthesis can be described as the light-activated synthesis of carbohydrates from the simple molecules of water and carbon dioxide: 6H{sub 2}O + 6 CO{sub 2} light C{sub 6}H{sub 12}O{sub 6} + 6 O{sub 2} This basic mechanism actually requires numerous reaction steps. The two primar… more
Date: January 10, 1997
Creator: Sibbald, J.
open access

Decision making in a non-profit engineering environment

Description: A conceptual management framework is developed and applied in a science and engineering organization located within a non-profit, public institution. The goal of this research is to select a set of projects whose combined contributions to the organization`s strategic interests satisfy sponsor desires and can be completed within existing time and resource constraints. The development of the rationale for project selection and implementation within the plutonium facility at Los Alamos National La… more
Date: June 1, 1997
Creator: Christensen, D.C.
open access

Design, synthesis, characterization and study of novel conjugated polymers

Description: After introducing the subject of conjugated polymers, the thesis has three sections each containing a literature survey, results and discussion, conclusions, and experimental methods on the following: synthesis, characterization of electroluminescent polymers containing conjugated aryl, olefinic, thiophene and acetylenic units and their studies for use in light-emitting diodes; synthesis, characterization and study of conjugated polymers containing silole unit in the main chain; and synthesis, … more
Date: June 24, 1997
Creator: Chen, W.
open access

Development and application of thin-layer spectroelectrochemical techniques for the study of organosulfur monolayers adsorbed at gold

Description: A main research interest is the characterization of monolayers formed by the spontaneous adsorption of organosulfur compounds at gold. This dissertation describes the development and application of long optical pathlength thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry in an attempt to address key issues regarding the reactivity of surface-immobilized molecules. The first section of this introductory chapter briefly describes the general approach to the preparation and characterization of these films. The l… more
Date: October 8, 1997
Creator: Simmons, N.
open access

Development in the design and performance of gas avalanche microdetectors (MSGC, MGC, and MDOT)

Description: There has been continuing development of generic classes of microstrip gas chambers (MSGCs), microgap gas chambers (MGCs) and microdot gas chambers (MDOTs) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) over the past few years, to improve such detectors beyond their present capabilities, to produce detectors suitable for use in current or upcoming experiments, and to allow a basis for new R&D developments which may incorporate these detectors as part of the system. All of these new detectors a… more
Date: December 1, 1997
Creator: Cho, Hyo-Sung
open access

The development of potassium tantalate niobate thin films for satellite-based pyroelectric detectors

Description: Potassium tantalate niobate (KTN) pyroelectric detectors are expected to provide detectivities, of 3.7 x 10{sup 11} cmHz {sup {1/2}}W{sup {minus}1} for satellite-based infrared detection at 90 K. The background limited detectivity for a room-temperature thermal detector is 1.8 x 10{sup 10} cmHz{sup {1/2}}W{sup {minus}1}. KTN is a unique ferroelectric for this application because of the ability to tailor the temperature of its pyroelectric response by adjusting its ratio of tantalum to niobium. … more
Date: May 1997
Creator: Cherry, H. B. B.
open access

Digital signal processing control of induction machine`s torque and stator flux utilizing the direct stator flux field orientation method

Description: This paper presents a review of the Direct Stator Flux Field Orientation control method. This method can be used to control an induction motor`s torque and flux directly and is the application of interest for this thesis. This control method is implemented without the traditional feedback loops and associated hardware. Predictions are made, by mathematical calculations, of the stator voltage vector. The voltage vector is determined twice a switching period. The switching period is fixed through… more
Date: April 1, 1997
Creator: Seiz, J.B.
open access

Direct methods for dynamic monitoring of secretions from single cells by capillary electrophoresis and microscopy with laser-induced native fluorescence detection

Description: Microscale separation and detection methods for real-time monitoring of dynamic cellular processes (e.g., secretion) by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and microscopic imaging were developed. Ultraviolet laser-induced native fluorescence (LINF) provides simple, sensitive and direct detection of neurotransmitters and proteins without any derivatization. An on-column CE-LINF protocol for quantification of the release from single cell was demonstrated. Quantitative measurements of both the amount o… more
Date: October 8, 1997
Creator: Tong, W.
open access

The discovery of high-redshift supernovae and their cosmological implications

Description: In this thesis the author discusses the methodology for doing photometry: from procedure of extracting supernova counts from images that contain combined supernova plus galaxy flux, to standard star calibration, to additional instrumental corrections that arise due to the multiple telescopes used for observations. He discusses the different sources of photometric error and their correlations, and the construction of the covariance matrix for all the points in the light curve. He then describes … more
Date: September 1, 1997
Creator: Kim, A.G.
open access

A disoriented chiral condensate search at the Fermilab Tevatron

Description: MiniMax (Fermilab T-864) was a small test/experiment at the Tevatron designed to search for disoriented chiral condensates (DCC) in the forward direction. Relativistic quantum field theory treats the vacuum as a medium, with bulk properties characterized by long-range order parameters. This has led to suggestions that regions of {open_quotes}disoriented vacuum{close_quotes} might be formed in high-energy collision processes. In particular, the approximate chiral symmetry of QCD could lead to re… more
Date: May 1, 1997
Creator: Convery, M.E.
open access

Donor spectroscopy at large hydrostatic pressures and transport studies in compound semiconductors

Description: In the first part of this work, the author describes studies of donors in AlSb and in GaAs at large hydrostatic pressures, two materials in which the conduction band minimum is not parabolic, but has a camel`s back shape. These donors were found to display only one or two absorption lines corresponding to ground to bound excited state transitions. It is shown that due to the non-parabolic dispersion, camel`s back donors may have as few as one bound excited state and that higher excited states a… more
Date: June 1, 1997
Creator: Hsu, L.
open access

Effect of microscale protrusions on local fluid flow and mass transport in the presence of forced convection

Description: Three-dimensional creeping flow around single, axisymmetric protrusions is studied numerically using the boundary-integral technique. Emphasis is placed upon cylindrical protrusions on plane walls for various height-to-radius (h-to-a) aspect ratios, but cones and sections of spheres protruding from plane walls are also briefly examined. The presented items include shear-stress distributions, shear-stress contours, extents of the fluid-flow disturbance, total forces and torques on the cylinders,… more
Date: January 1, 1997
Creator: Matzen, G.W.
open access

Electrochemically-modulated liquid chromatography (EMLC): Column design, retention processes, and applications

Description: This work describes the continued development of a new separation technique, electrochemically-modulated liquid chromatography (EMLC), from column design, retention mechanisms to pharmaceutical applications. The introduction section provides a literature review of the technique as well as a brief overview of the research in each of the chapters. This section is followed by four chapters which investigate the issues of EMLC column design, the retention mechanism of monosubstituted aromatic compo… more
Date: October 8, 1997
Creator: Ting, E. Y.
open access

Equilibrium binding studies of mono, di and triisocyanide ligands on Au powder surfaces

Description: The author`s group has previously shown that isocyanides are readily adsorbed from solutions to Au powder and bind to the Au surface in an end-on fashion through the terminal carbon. Later work demonstrated that the equilibrium constants for the reversible adsorption of electronically inequivalent isocyanides could be obtained using the Langmuir isotherm technique. This dissertation describes two projects completed which complement the initial findings of this group. Initially, several alkyliso… more
Date: October 8, 1997
Creator: Ontko, A.
open access

Equilibrium vortex motion in two- and three-dimensional superconductors studied with a dc SQUID

Description: The equilibrium motion of vortices in two- and three-dimensional superconductors has been studied with a dc Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID). This technique has the advantage of probing the system in a non-invasive manner as well as providing dynamic information over many decades in frequency. Through measurements of the spectral density of magnetic flux noise, S{sub {Phi}}({omega}), as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field, the effects of proton and heavy ion … more
Date: October 1, 1997
Creator: Shaw, T.J.
open access

Extreme ultraviolet interferometry

Description: EUV lithography is a promising and viable candidate for circuit fabrication with 0.1-micron critical dimension and smaller. In order to achieve diffraction-limited performance, all-reflective multilayer-coated lithographic imaging systems operating near 13-nm wavelength and 0.1 NA have system wavefront tolerances of 0.27 nm, or 0.02 waves RMS. Owing to the highly-sensitive resonant reflective properties of multilayer mirrors and extraordinarily tight tolerances set forth for their fabrication, … more
Date: December 1, 1997
Creator: Goldberg, K.A.
open access

Fabrication and electronic transport studies of single nanocrystal systems

Description: Semiconductor and metallic nanocrystals exhibit interesting electronic transport behavior as a result of electrostatic and quantum mechanical confinement effects. These effects can be studied to learn about the nature of electronic states in these systems. This thesis describes several techniques for the electronic study of nanocrystals. The primary focus is the development of novel methods to attach leads to prefabricated nanocrystals. This is because, while nanocrystals can be readily synthes… more
Date: May 1, 1997
Creator: Klein, D.L.
open access

Femtosecond Raman induced polarization spectroscopy studies of coherent rotational dynamics in molecular fluids

Description: We develop a polarization-sensitive femtosecond pump probe technique, Raman induced polarization spectroscopy (RIPS), to study coherent rotation in molecular fluids. By observing the collisional dephasing of the coherently prepared rotational states, we are able to extract information concerning the effects of molecular interactions on the rotational motion. The technique is quite sensitive because of the zero background detection method, and is also versatile due to its nonresonant nature.
Date: May 1, 1997
Creator: Morgen, Michael M.
open access

Fundamental studies of hydrogen chemisorption on supported monometallic and bimetallic catalysts using microcalorimetry

Description: Highly dispersed transition metal catalysts are used in numerous commercial processes such as hydrocarbon conversions. For example, the use of Pt supported on acidic alumina or silica-alumina for reforming of naphtha in the production of gasoline is well known. Another use of supported catalysts is in automobile emission control where supported Pt-Rh bimetallic catalysts are used. Supported Ru can be used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for the production of higher hydrocarbons from synthesis gas.… more
Date: June 24, 1997
Creator: Narayan, R.L.
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