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open access

An adaptive level set method

Description: This thesis describes a new method for the numerical solution of partial differential equations of the parabolic type on an adaptively refined mesh in two or more spatial dimensions. The method is motivated and developed in the context of the level set formulation for the curvature dependent propagation of surfaces in three dimensions. In that setting, it realizes the multiple advantages of decreased computational effort, localized accuracy enhancement, and compatibility with problems containin… more
Date: December 1, 1995
Creator: Milne, R. B.
open access

Algorithms for biomagnetic source imaging with prior anatomical and physiological information

Description: This dissertation derives a new method for estimating current source amplitudes in the brain and heart from external magnetic field measurements and prior knowledge about the probable source positions and amplitudes. The minimum mean square error estimator for the linear inverse problem with statistical prior information was derived and is called the optimal constrained linear inverse method (OCLIM). OCLIM includes as special cases the Shim-Cho weighted pseudoinverse and Wiener estimators but a… more
Date: December 1995
Creator: Hughett, P. W.
open access

Analysis of offsite dose calculation methodology for a nuclear power reactor

Description: This technical study reviews the methodology for calculating offsite dose estimates as described in the offsite dose calculation manual (ODCM) for Pennsylvania Power and Light - Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (SSES). An evaluation of the SSES ODCM dose assessment methodology indicates that it conforms with methodology accepted by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Using 1993 SSES effluent data, dose estimates are calculated according to SSES ODCM methodology and compared to the dos… more
Date: December 31, 1995
Creator: Moser, D.M.
open access

Analysis of stray radiation produced by the advanced light source (1.9 GeV synchrotron radiation source) at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Description: The yearly environmental dose equivalent likely to result at the closest site boundary from the Advanced Light Source was determined by generating multiple linear regressions. The independent variables comprised quantified accelerator operating parameters and measurements from synchronized, in-close (outside shielding prior to significant atmospheric scattering), state-of-the-art neutron remmeters and photon G-M tubes. Neutron regression models were more successful than photon models due to low… more
Date: December 31, 1995
Creator: Ajemian, R. C.
open access

Anisotropic superconducting and normal state magnetic properties of single crystals of RNi*2*B*2*C compounds (R = Y, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm)

Description: The interaction of superconductivity with magnetism has been one of the most interesting and important phenomena in solid state physics since the 1950`s when small amounts of magnetic impurities were incorporated in superconductors. The discovery of the magnetic superconductors RNi{sub 2}B{sub 2}C (R = rare earth, Y) offers a new system to study this interaction. The wide ranges of superconducting transition (T{sub c}) and antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering temperatures (T{sub N}) (0 K {le} T{sub … more
Date: November 1, 1995
Creator: Cho, B.
open access

Application of a-Si:H radiation detectors in medical imaging

Description: Monte Carlo simulations of a proposed a-Si:H-based current-integrating gamma camera were performed. The analysis showed that the intrinsic resolution of such a camera was 1 {approximately} 2.5 mm, which is somewhat better than that of a conventional gamma camera, and that the greater blurring, due to the detection of scattered {gamma}-rays, could be reduced considerably by image restoration techniques. This proposed gamma camera would be useful for imaging shallow organs such as the thyroid. Pr… more
Date: June 1, 1995
Creator: Lee, Hyoung-Koo
open access

Application of seismic tomographic techniques in the investigation of geothermal systems

Description: The utility of microearthquake data for characterizing the Northwest Geysers geothermal field and the Long Valley Caldera (LVC) was investigated. Three-dimensional (3-D) P- and S-wave seismic velocity models were estimated for the Coldwater Creek Steam Field (CCSF) in the Northwest Geysers region. Hypocenters relocated using these 3-D models appear to be associated with the steam producing zone, with a deeper cluster of hypocenters beneath an active injection well. Spatial and temporal patterns… more
Date: May 1, 1995
Creator: Romero, A. E., Jr.
open access

Application of the Environmental Protection Agency`s data quality objective process to environmental monitoring quality control

Description: The United States Environmental Protection Agency`s (EPA) Data Quality Objectives (DQO) process was applied to two environmental monitoring networks for the purpose of optimizing field quality control sampling to give the highest quality monitoring data with minimal impact on resources. The DQO process, developed primarily to aid in cleanup and restoration activities, is a systematic approach to designing sampling, and analysis programs with improved efficiency, cost savings, and measureable an… more
Date: November 1, 1995
Creator: Garcia, L.M.
open access

Applications of capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection to the analysis of trace species: From single cells to single molecules

Description: This Ph.D. Thesis describes several separation and detection schemes for the analysis of small volume and amount of samples, such as intracellular components and single enzymes developed during research. Indirect Laser-induced fluorescence detection and capillary electrophoresis were used to quantify lactate and pyruvate in single red blood cells. The assay of specific enzyme activities was achieved by monitoring the highly fluorescent enzymatic reaction product, NADH. LDH activity was found no… more
Date: November 1, 1995
Creator: Qifeng, X.
open access

Applications of Flavor Symmetry to the Phenomenology of Elementary Particles

Description: Some applications of flavor symmetry are examined. Approximate flavor symmetries and their consequences in the MSSM (Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model) are considered, and found to give natural values for the possible B- and L-violating couplings that are empirically acceptable, except for the case of proton decay. The coupling constants of SU(3) are calculated and used to parameterize the decays of the D mesons in broken flavor SU(3). The resulting couplings are used to estimate the long-d… more
Date: May 1, 1995
Creator: Kaeding, T. A.
open access

Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)ytterbium: An investigation of weak interactions in solution using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy

Description: NMR spectroscopy is ideal for studying weak interactions (formation enthalpy {le}20 kcal/mol) in solution. The metallocene bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)ytterbium, Cp*{sub 2}Yb, is ideal for this purpose. cis-P{sub 2}PtH{sub 2}complexes (P = phosphine) were used to produce slow-exchange Cp*{sub 2}YbL adducts for NMR study. Reversible formation of (P{sub 2}PtH){sub 2} complexes from cis-P{sub 2}PtH{sub 2} complexes were also studied, followed by interactions of Cp*{sub 2}Yb with phosphines, R{… more
Date: July 1, 1995
Creator: Schwartz, D.J.
open access

Broken flavor symmetries in high energy particle phenomenology

Description: Over the past couple of decades, the Standard Model of high energy particle physics has clearly established itself as an invaluable tool in the analysis of high energy particle phenomenon. However, from a field theorists point of view, there are many dissatisfying aspects to the model. One of these, is the large number of free parameters in the theory arising from the Yukawa couplings of the Higgs doublet. In this thesis, we examine various issues relating to the Yukawa coupeng structure of hig… more
Date: February 22, 1995
Creator: Antaramian, A.
open access

Characterization and application of microearthquake clusters to problems of scaling, fault zone dynamics, and seismic monitoring at Parkfield, California

Description: This document contains information about the characterization and application of microearthquake clusters and fault zone dynamics. Topics discussed include: Seismological studies; fault-zone dynamics; periodic recurrence; scaling of microearthquakes to large earthquakes; implications of fault mechanics and seismic hazards; and wave propagation and temporal changes.
Date: October 1, 1995
Creator: Nadeau, R. M.
open access

Characterization and reactivity of organic monolayers on gold and platinum surfaces

Description: Purpose is to understand how the mobilization, dielectric, orientation, composition, coverage, and structure of self-assembled organic monolayers on metal surfaces affects the surface reactivities and properties of these films in order to facilitate the construction of desired films. Two model systems were used: tiols at Au and aromatic acids at Pt. Surface analysis methods, including contact angle, electrochemistry, ellipsometry, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and x-ray p… more
Date: December 6, 1995
Creator: Wu, Chien-Ching
open access

Chemical and nuclear properties of Rutherfordium (Element 104)

Description: The chemical-properties of rutherfordium (Rf) and its group 4 homologs were studied by sorption on glass support surfaces coated with cobalt(II)ferrocyanide and by solvent extraction with tributylphosphate (TBP) and triisooctylamine (TIOA). The surface studies showed that the hydrolysis trend in the group 4 elements and the pseudogroup 4 element, lb, decreases in the order Rf>Zr{approx}Hf>Th. This trend was attributed to relativistic effects which predicted that Rf would be more prone to having… more
Date: October 30, 1995
Creator: Kacher, C. D.
open access

Computed tomography and optical remote sensing: Development for the study of indoor air pollutant transport and dispersion

Description: This thesis investigates the mixing and dispersion of indoor air pollutants under a variety of conditions using standard experimental methods. It also extensively tests and improves a novel technique for measuring contaminant concentrations that has the potential for more rapid, non-intrusive measurements with higher spatial resolution than previously possible. Experiments conducted in a sealed room support the hypothesis that the mixing time of an instantaneously released tracer gas is inverse… more
Date: June 1, 1995
Creator: Drescher, A.C.
open access

Connection between NMR and electrical conductivity in glassy chalcogenide fast ionic conductors

Description: The work documented in this thesis follows the traditional order. In this chapter a general discussion of ionic conduction and of glassy materials are followed by a brief outline of the experimental techniques for the investigation of fast ionic conduction in glassy materials, including NMR and impedance spectroscopy techniques. A summary of the previous and present studies is presented in the last section of this introductory chapter. The details of the background theory and models are found i… more
Date: November 1, 1995
Creator: Kim, K. H.
open access

Coupled elastic-plastic thermomechanically assisted diffusion: Theory development, numerical implementation, and application

Description: A fully coupled thermomechanical diffusion theory describing the thermal and mechanically assisted mass transport of dilute mobile constituents in an elastic solid is extended to include the effects of elastic-plastic deformation. Using the principles of modern continuum mechanics and classical plasticity theory, balance laws and constitutive equations are derived for a continuum composed of an immobile, but deformable, parent material and a dilute mobile constituent. The resulting equations ar… more
Date: December 1, 1995
Creator: Weinacht, D. J.
open access

A cross section measurement of charm hyperons {Xi}{sub c}{sup +} and {Xi}{sub c}{sup 0} in 250 GeV p/K/{pi}-nucleon interactions

Description: Fermilab Experiment 769 used a charge-selected, hadron beam of mean energy 250 GeV/c, composed of pions, kaons, and protons, impinging on beryllium, aluminum, copper and tungsten targets. Using a sample of approximately 4000 {Xi}{sub s}{sup {minus}} {yields} {Lambda}{sup 0}{pi}{sup {minus}} decays, measurements of the charm baryon forward cross sections times branching ratio {pi}{sup {+-}}N {yields} {Xi}{sub c}{sup +}X and {pi}{sup {+-}}N {yields} {Xi}{sub c}{sup 0}X are presented. Upper limits… more
Date: May 2, 1995
Creator: Francisco, J. & Vergara, A.
open access

Crossed molecular beams study of O({sup 1}D) reactions with H{sub 2} molecules

Description: Reaction dynamics of O({sup 1}D) atoms with H{sub 2} molecules was reinvestigated using the crossed molecular beams technique with pulsed beams. The O({sup 1}D) beam was generated by photodissociating O{sub 3} molecules at 248 nm. Time-of-flight spectra and the laboratory angular distribution of the OH products were measured. The derived OH product center-of-mass flux-velocity contour diagram shows more backward scattered intensity with respect to the O({sup 1}D) beam. In contrast to previous s… more
Date: May 1, 1995
Creator: Miau, T.T.
open access

Dealing with quantum weirdness: Holism and related issues

Description: Various issues are discussed in interpretation of quantum mechanics. All these explorations point toward the same conclusion, that some systems are holistically connected, i.e., some composite systems have properties that cannot, even in principle, be reduced to the properties of its subsystems. This is argued to be the central metaphysical lesson of quantum theory; this will remain pertinent even if quantum mechanics gets replaced by a superior theory. Chap. 2 discusses nonlocality and rules o… more
Date: December 1, 1995
Creator: Elby, A.R.
open access

The determination of the solidification paths and the liquidus surface in the quasicrystalline region of the Al-Cu-Ru systems

Description: Objective is to determine if conventional slow-growth methods will be successful for growing single quasicrystals in this system. Reaction schemes, isopleths, and a ternary liquidus diagram were constructed using DTA, XRD, microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Results suggest a peak in the liquidus near the predicted compositions of Al{sub 65}Cu{sub 23}Ru{sub 12} or Al{sub 65}Cu{sub 20}Ru{sub 15} in the face-centered icosahedral phase field. Further study is needed to verify the exist… more
Date: December 6, 1995
Creator: Haines, S.
open access

Development of a new Pb-free solder: Sn-Ag-Cu

Description: With the ever increasing awareness of the toxicity of Pb, significant pressure has been put on the electronics industry to get the Pb out of solder. This work pertains to the development and characterization of an alloy which is Pb-free, yet retains the proven positive qualities of current Sn-Pb solders while enhancing the shortcomings of Sn-Pb solder. The solder studied is the Sn-4.7Ag-1.7Cu wt% alloy. By utilizing a variety of experimental techniques the alloy was characterized. The alloy has… more
Date: February 10, 1995
Creator: Miller, C. M.
open access

Development of new VOC exposure metrics and their relationship to ``Sick Building Syndrome`` symptoms

Description: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are suspected to contribute significantly to ``Sick Building Syndrome`` (SBS), a complex of subchronic symptoms that occurs during and in general decreases away from occupancy of the building in question. A new approach takes into account individual VOC potencies, as well as the highly correlated nature of the complex VOC mixtures found indoors. The new VOC metrics are statistically significant predictors of symptom outcomes from the California Healthy Building… more
Date: August 1, 1995
Creator: Ten Brinke, J.
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