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Activities of the NBS Spectrochemical Analysis Section: July 1970 to June 1971
Review of the progress in research, instrumentation, and service activities of the Spectrochemical Analysis Section from July 1970 to June 1971.
America Joins a Metric World
Pamphlet issued by the United States National Bureau of Standards discussing the Metric Conversion Act of 1975, the work of the U.S. Metric Board, and how government agencies are facilitating a switch to the metric system.
Analysis of Optically Excited Mercury Molecules
Report presenting new measurement techniques used to obtain potential curves, f-values, and kinetic behavior for Hg2. The Hg2 molecule is representative of a class of molecules which have dissociative ground states and bound excited states. It can therefore be used as a prototype of this class of molecules which are of interest as potential new laser candidates. Because of the non-bound ground state, standard absorption spectroscopic techniques cannot be used to obtain the necessary information about the excited states.
Analysis of Tentative Seismic Design Provisions for Buildings
Report issued by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards discussing an analysis of seismic design provisions for buildings with three main objectives. As stated in the introduction, "The first objective was to assist the ATC in the preparation of its report. The second objective of the study was to augment the text of the published Provisions by providing a formal, consistent documentation of the text. The third objective was to provide alternate arrangements of the Provisions that would make them more readily usable by several categories of users" (p. 1). This report includes illustrations.
Applications of Waveguide and Circuit Theory to the Development of Accurate Microwave Measurement Methods and Standards
Report issued by the Bureau of Standards over "the basic theory and analytical methods used in the development of accurate microwave measurement methods and standards" (p. x). These methods are presented and discussed. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.
Automatic Indexing: A State-of-the-Art Report
Report issued by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards discussing results of a survey conducted on automatic mechanized indexing and data processing. As stated in the introduction, "it has concentrated on the major developments in and related demonstrations of automatic indexing potentialities. Examples are also given of indexes compiled by machine and of potentially related research efforts in such areas as natural language text searching, statistical association techniques used for search and retrieval, and proposed systems for concept processing" (p. 1). This report includes an illustration.
Automatic Measurement of Network Parameters: A Survey
Report issued by the Bureau of Standards over a survey conducted on measurement methods of network parameters. As stated in the introduction, "this paper is concerned with the development of automatic methods of measuring basically the magnitudes and phase differences, or the complex ratio of two sinusoidal voltages, and applications of this capability to determining complex reflection coefficients and transmission coefficients and group delay times of electrical networks" (p. 1). This report includes tables, and illustrations.
BOLOVAC Systems for Measuring Electrical Quantities From 0.5 MHz Through Microwaves
From Introduction: "This paper describes in some detail how Bolovac works, when its structural components are, what are the methods and steps of the procedure in its various major applications, and reasons for its advantages. The emphasis is on applications. Present status at the National Bureau of Standards relating to fabricating the most important component of the Bolovac-the bolometric disk-is briefly pointed out."
Brief History of Measurement Systems: with a Chart of the Modernized Metric System
Pamphlet issued by the United States National Bureau of Standards providing an overview of the English system of measurement used in the United States and of the metric system. The internal pages of the pamphlet contain a chart labeled "The Modernized Metric System" which includes tables of common conversions and a chart of the seven base units: meter/length, kilogram/mass, second/time, ampere/electric current, kelvin/temperature, mole/amount of substance, and candela/luminous intensity, as well as two supplementary units: radian/plane angle and steradian/solid angle. There is also a graphic representation of yards versus meters in ruler form at the bottom.
The Calculation of Rotational Energy Levels and Rotational Line Intensities in Diatomic Molecules
Report describing procedures for making quantum mechanical calculations of rotational energy levels and rotational line intensities in diatomic molecules. The procedures are illustrated by sample calculations. A familiarity with the material of this report should enable a practicing electronic spectroscropist to carry out, though in a rather mechanical way, his own theoretical calculations for molecules under experimental investigation.
A Compilation and Evaluation of Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrical Properties of Selected Polymers
From Abstract: "This compilation abstracts original experimental data on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of six commercially available polymers. The data are also summarized and a brief description of each polymer is included."
Computers, Health Records, and Citizen Rights
Report issued by the Bureau of Standards over studies on the benefits of computerized record-keeping. Medical records were chosen for the studies, and they also focus on patient privacy and rights. This report includes tables, and illustrations.
Construction of a Flashlamp-Pumped Dye Laser and an Acousto-Optik Modulator for Mode-Locking
Design of a flashlamp-pumped dye laser capable of emitting light pulses 500 ns wide with a risetime of 300 ns.
Construction of a Large Transverse Electromagnetic Cell
Report issued by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards discussing the construction of large electromagnetic cells. As stated in the introduction, "this instruction provides information and procedures necessary to fabricate a large transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell to be used for experimental "electromagnetic interference" (EMI) evaluation studies" (p. 1). This report includes illustrations, and photographs.
Corrosion and Protection of Steel Piles in a Natural Seawater Environment
From Introduction: "This paper describes some results of the first eight years of a fifteen year program in which a variety of coating and catholic protection systems are evaluated on their ability to protect steel piles in offshore conditions at Dam Neck, Virginia. It includes a description of the methods used in the evaluation and the results found on these systems."
Corrosion Rates On Underground Steel Test Piles at Turcot Yard, Montreal, Canada - Part 1
From Abstract: "This paper describes the determination of corrosion rates based on the polarization measurements made up to the time of the removal of the first group of piles in 1969."
Design for a Variable-Output-Coupling Far-Infrared Michelson Laser
Technique for varying the coupling of power from far-infrared gas lasers and the design and construction of these lasers.
The Development of Loran-C Navigation and Timing
From Abstract: "This work traces the development of the Loran-C concept from its inception as a 100-kHz pulse hyperbolic navigation system to more recent times when it found a variety of applications to both timing and navigation."
The Divergent Beam (Kossel) X-Ray Method and Its Uses in Measuring Strain Contours in an Individual Grain of Fe-3 Weight Percent Si Transformer Sheet
From Abstract: "The results showed that a variable strain distribution existed in the alloy sheet at the time it was ready for insertion into a transformer core. Small applied comprehensive and tensile loads tended to rearrange this variable strain distribution but not appreciably alter the total stored elastic energy."
The Dynamics of Fields of Higher Spin
Report presenting a relativistic theory of motion that is free of many of the difficulties common in relativistic equations of motion. This Lagrangian theory describes fields and particles with arbitrary mass and charge and having any discrete spin, integer or half integer.
The Effect of Time Ordering on the Lyman α Profile
Report investigating the effects of time-ordering over the complete line profile using a unified theory of spectral line broadening previously developed. The behavior of the time-ordered thermal average and un-time-ordered thermal average are compared. The Fourier transform of the thermal average is obtained analytically. Calculations for the line profile of the Lyman-[functional symbol alpha] line of hydrogen are presented and are representative in that the full thermal average is replaced by the thermal average with the electron velocity distribution approximated by f(v)=[functional symbol alpha] (v-vav) where vav is the thermal velocity for the plasma in question.
Electromagnetic Boundary-Value Problems Based Upon a Modification of Residue Calculus and Function Theoretic Techniques
From Introduction: "The first part of this monograph is concerned with the analysis of closed region wave-guide junction problems. This allows simplification of the techniques to be used since no branch cuts are involved in the spectral representation of the fields. However, the analysis can be extended to open region problems in a logical manner. This is the subject of the second part of this monograph."
The First Spectrum of Hafnium (HF I)
Report continuing W. K. Meggers' previous analysis in LS-coupling. This coupling is not rigorous in Hf I, and many intervals are irregular. Consequently, the levels are given also in numerical order with the even and odd levels presented in separate tables. The long line lists are given in two Appendices: Appendix A contains the observed Zeeman data for the individual lines, 531 in all; Appendix B consists of the complete line list of observed and classified lines. By far the greater part of the analysis is that of Meggers.
From Sundials to Atomic Clocks: Understanding Time and Frequency
Book presenting an introduction to time, timekeeping, and the uses of time information, especially in the scientific and technical areas. Serves as introductory text for laymen.
A Gage Block Measurement Process Using Single Wavelength Interferometry
Report describing the interferometric measurement process using a laser light source and a Kosters type gage block interferometer. Continuous evaluation and refinement of the process is aided by statistical treatment and control chart techniques. All error sources, both random and systematic, are evaluated and the process is maintained in a state of statistical control.
Geographical Variation in the Heating and Cooling Requirements of a Typical Single-Family House, and Correlation of These Requirements to Degree Days
Report issued by the Bureau of Mines discussing the heating and cooling requirements for single-family homes. These requirements are determined from "Test Reference Year," or TRY data and long-term geographic climate information. This report includes tables, illustrations, photographs, and a map.
Geometrical Considerations and Nomenclature for Reflectance
Report issued by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards discussing specifications of reflectance and proposed nomenclature. As stated in the introduction, "this monograph presents a unified approach to the specification of reflectance in relation to the beam geometry of both the incident and the reflected flux in any reflectometer or in any application of measured reflectance data" (p. 1). This report includes illustrations.
Geometrical Considerations and Nomenclature for Reflectance
Report presenting a unified approach to the specification of reflectance, in terms of both incident- and reflected- beam geometry. Nomenclature to facilitate this approach is proposed. Nomenclature for categorizing and specifying reflectance quantities for a variety of different beam configurations (both incident and reflected beams) is described, and all are defined and interrelated in terms of the bidirectional reflectance-distribution function. The conditions under which the formalism can be applied, including situations involving considerable sub-surface scattering, are carefully established. The entire treatment is limited to the domain of classical geometrical-optics radiometry and does not take into account interference and diffraction phenomena, such as are frequently encountered with highly coherent radiant flux.
Glass Limit Standards Deposited at NBS for Railway, Highway, and Airways Traffic Signal Colors: History, Permanence and Colorimetric Properties
Permanence and colorimetric properties of signal glass.
Graphical Recoupling of Angular Momenta
Report presenting a diagrammatic method for solving angular momentum recoupling problems. It is shown that a few graphical elements with a set of rules for their use lead to the solution of many types of recoupling problems in an intuitive and systematic way. Several examples are given together with exercises to develop the reader's facility with the method.
Guideline on Major Job Accounting Systems: The System Management Facilities (SMF) for IBM Systems Under OS/MVT
Report issued by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards discussing the System Management Facilities for IBM systems. As stated in the introduction, "the purpose of SMF, as stated in the IBM manual, is to provide the means for gathering and recording information that can be used for billing customers or evaluating system usage" (p. 1). This report includes tables, and illustrations.
Handbook of Mathematical Functions With Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables
A handbook of mathematical functions that is designed to provide scientific investigations with a comprehensive and self-contained summary of the mathematical functions that arise in physical and engineering problems.
Hearing Aids
From Abstract: "This publication contains information, useful to the hard of hearing, on several topics relating to hearing and hearing aids. This publication represents an extensive revision of NBS Circular 534, Hearing Aids. It includes new material based upon research conducted at the National Bureau of Standards during the intervening years."
A High-Dispersion Spectral Analysis of the Ba II Star HD 204075 (ζ Capricorni)
Report discussing a double differential curve of growth analysis for the Ba II star S Capricorni. Both the sun and � Virginis (G9 II-III) were used as comparison stars. The observational material consists of equivalent widths, central depths, and half-widths for 1100 spectral lines measured on direct-intensity tracings of plates obtained by J. L. Greenstein at the coude focus of the 200-in telescope. The plates cover the spectral regions 3880-4825 A and 5100-6720 A at reciprocal dispersions of 2.3 and 3.4 A/mm, respectively. Atmospheric abundances have been derived for 37 elements.
Hydrogen Stark Broadening Calculations With the Unified Classical Path Theory
Report discussing the case of upper and lower state interaction introduced by a unified theory using a more compact tetradic notation. The general result is then applied to the Stark broadening of hydrogen. The thermal average of the time development operator for upper and lower state interaction is presented. A simple technique for evaluating the Fourier transform of the thermal average has been developed. The final calculations based on the unified theory and on the one-electron theory are compared with measurements in the high and low electron density regime.
An Institutional Plan for Developing National Standards: With Special Reference to Environment, Safety, and Health
From Abstract: "This plan was commissioned to provide a framework for the development of all essential non-nuclear energy-related, environmental, safety, and health (ES&H) standards for the private sector to coincide with the commercialization of energy technologies."
Interactions of High Energy Particles With Nuclei
Report discussing elastic scattering and diffractive production processes induced in nuclear targets by high energy projectiles. Special attention is paid to the interaction of high energy hadrons and photons. The common features of all these processes are emphasized throughout the article: The multiple scattering and shadowing processes inside of the target nuclei. An effort is made to develop a unified way of treating nuclear interactions of particles which are either hadrons or exhibit some hadronic components in such interactions.
Ionization Potentials and Ionization Limits Derived from the Analyses of Optical Spectra
Tables of Ionization potentials and limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra.
[Letter from the United States National Bureau of Standards]
Letter from the acting director of the U.S. National Bureau of Standards introducing the materials in the NBS Metric Kit. The kit was compiled to support the Metric Conversion Act, signed in December 1975, which would convert measurements used in the United States to the metric system of measurement. Includes an order form for additional materials and the metric kit envelope.
Life-Cycle Costing: A Guide for Selecting Energy Conservation Projects for Public Buildings
Report issued by the Bureau of Standards discussing the energy conservation of public buildings. As stated in the introduction, "this report focuses on the establishment of a technically correct, practical, standardized approach for evaluating proposed energy conservation improvements in public buildings" (p. 2). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.
Liquid-in-Glass Thermometry
Report containing information of general interest to manufacturers and users of liquid-in-glass thermometers. This report supersedes Monograph 90. Instructions explaining how to submit a thermometer to the National Bureau of Standards for calibration are provided, and the techniques and equipment, such as stirred liquid comparison baths, used in the calibration procedures are described. A discussion of important principles of acceptable thermometer design and factors affecting their use is included. Listed are tables of tolerances reflecting good manufacturing practices and reasonably attainable accuracies expected with liquid-in-glass thermometers. The calculation of corrections for the temperature of the emergent stem is given in detail for various types of thermometers and conditions of use.
Mass and Mass Values
Report discussing the different bases for determining mass values and instances where these differences may be crucial. The first part is a historical summary of weighing, standards, and the assignment of value; and the interfacing of mass measurements with civilization. The second part discusses in detail the methods of assigning mass values. Ways to convert from values on one basis to values on another basis are discussed.
Measurement Assurance for Gage Blocks
Report discussing the philosophy of measurement assurance and the three levels of measurement assurance programs. The measurement assurance programs are outlined to show how control over the measurement process can be maintained and how the offset (or systematic error) from the unit of length maintained by the National Bureau of Standards ban be made negligible. This monograph is intended for those who need to know on a continuing basis the uncertainty of their gage block calibration procedure.
Measurement Assurance Program - A Case Study: Length Measurements. Part 1. Long Gage Blocks (5 in to 20 in)
From Abstract and Introduction: "This paper is, in essence, a report on the extension of the techniques first suggested in NBS Monograph 103 "Realistic Uncertainties and the Mass Measurement Process" to the area of length measurement. This paper covers the progress to date on the long gage blocks (from 5 to 20 in the length). The purpose of this purpose is to verify the closure between the "old" process and the "new" process, and to describe the present "points of departure" upon which some of the current assigned length values are based."
The Measurement of Lumped Parameter Impedance: A Metrology Guide
Scope of the Guide: "This guide is not all-inclusive of the subject of impedance measurement and the reader should understand at the outset what he can or cannot expect to find. To help in establishing the bounds of subject matter included, consider the ideal impedance-measuring instrument as having the following the characteristics and capabilities: (1) unrestricted frequency range (2) unrestricted impedance range (3) unrestricted capabilities with respect to bias, ambience, applied power, etc. (4) error free (5) performs measurements instantaneously (6) zero acquisition cost (7) zero operating cost."
The Measurement of Noise Performance Factors: A Metrology Guide
From Introduction: "The purpose of this guide is to describe, discuss, and analyze methods of measuring the average noise factor and average effective input noise temperature of an electronic transducer."
The Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires
From Abstract: "This treatise is an attempt to provide a rational descriptive and analytical basis for tire mechanics. Chapters of this book are contributed by active research workers in the fields of rubber and textile properties, friction, material properties, tire stress problems, tire design and construction, vehicle skid and handling, and tire mechanical properties."
MeV Total Neutron Cross Sections
From Introduction: "This report is a compilation of the MeV Total Neutron Cross Section data measured at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards."
Millimeter Attentuation and Reflection Coefficient Measurement System
This paper presents the details to implement a WR15 attentuation and reflection coefficient magnitude measurement system.
NBS Metric Kit: Official Metric Information
Kit issued by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards containing materials regarding conversion to the metric system of measurement. The kit includes a letter of introduction; an order form; two plastic cards printed with rulers and conversion information; and four booklets that discuss how the metric system is different from the English system of measurement, why America should switch, and reference materials for converting.
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