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- Abstracts of Current Decisions on Mines and Mining: May to August, 1919
- Bulletin issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines: "This publication is devoted exclusively to a review and abstracts of decisions based on the laws governing the rights and duties of mine owners, operators, miners, and persons trafficking in all kinds of mining properties. It includes abstracts of current decisions of all the Federal and State courts of last resort on questions relating to the mining industries" (Bulletin 61, p. 9).
- The aerodynamic properties of thick aerofoils suitable for internal bracing
- From Introduction: "The object of this investigation was to determine the characteristics of various types of wings having sufficient depth to entirely inclose the wing bracing, and also to provide data for the further design of such sections. Results of the investigation of the following subjects are given: (1) effect of changing the upper and lower camber of thick aerofoils of uniform section; (2) effect of thickening the center and thinning the tips of a thin aerofoil; (3) effect of adding a convex lower surface to a tapered section; (4) effect of changing the mean thickness with constant center and tip sections; and (5) effect of varying the chord along the span."
- Airplane Performance as Influenced by the Use of a Supercharged Engine
- "The question of the influence of a supercharged engine on airplane performance is treated here in a first approximation, but one that gives an exact idea of the advantage of supercharging. Considered here is an airplane that climbs first with an ordinary engine, not supercharged, and afterwards climbs with a supercharged engine. The aim is to find the difference of the ceilings reached in the two cases" (p. 1).
- The altitude laboratory for the test of aircraft engines
- Report presents descriptions, schematics, and photographs of the altitude laboratory for the testing of aircraft engines constructed at the Bureau of Standards for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
- Aluminum and Its Light Alloys
- Report is a summary of research work which has been done here and abroad on the constitution and mechanical properties of the various alloy systems with aluminum.
- Analyses of Air from Burning Buildings
- This report provides results of analyses and pertinent fata regarding eleven samples taken from the composition of the air in burning buildings.
- Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (4th). Administrative Report Including Technical Reports Nos. 24 to 50
- Report includes the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics letter of submittal to the President, Congressional report, summaries of the committee's activities and research accomplished, expenditures, problems, recommendations, and a compilation of technical reports produced.
- Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (5th). Administrative Report Including Technical Reports Nos. 51 to 82
- Report includes the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics letter of submittal to the President, Congressional report, summaries of the committee's activities and research accomplished, expenditures, and a compilation of technical reports produced.
- Approved Explosion-Proof Coal-Cutting Equipment
- Report discussing description of equipment tested to prevent explosions when using coal-cutting explosions and provides explanation of fire damp protection theory.
- Bibliography of Petroleum and Allied Substances, 1917
- From Introduction: "This bulletin is the third of the series of yearly petroleum bibliographies being published by the Bureau of Mines."
- Bomb Trajectories
- The report is a mathematical treatise dealing with the trajectories of bombs of high terminal velocity, dropped from a great altitude.
- Calculation of Low-Pressure Indicator Diagrams
- Report develops a fundamental conception and partial application of a method for calculating the pressure-volume relationships to be expected for any given engine design. It outlines a method of computing and interpreting low-pressure indicator cards.
- Carbureting Conditions Characteristics of Aircraft Engines
- Tests were conducted at the altitude laboratory erected at the Bureau of Standards for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics to determine the changes in engine performance with changes in atmospheric temperature and pressure at various levels above the earth's surface, with special reference to (a) the variables affecting the functioning of the carburetor and (b) the changes in performance resulting from variables in the carburetor itself. This report constitutes a concise statement of the difficulties to be encountered in this branch of carburetion.
- Casing Troubles and Fishing Methods in Oil Wells
- From introduction: "The Bureau of Mines, in its researches aimed to prevent wastes and to increase efficiency in oil-well practice, has investigated the matter of casing troubles and fishing methods. The results of the investigation are set forth in this paper."
- Characteristics of High-Tension Magnetos
- This report gives the results of an investigation made into the fundamental physical characteristics of high-tension ignition magnetos, and also describes the methods used for measuring the quantities involved.
- Coal-Mine Fatalities in the United States, 1919: and Coal-Mine Statistics Supplementing Those Published in Bulletin 115
- Supplementary report published by the U.S. Bureau of Mines regarding fatalities in coal mines located in the United States: "In addition to giving monthly fatality tables for 1919, this report includes several tables that were published in various monthly statements since 1914, thus making available in one publication all of the data compiled since that time" (p. 9).
- Comparison of hecter fuel with export aviation gasoline
- Among the fuels which will operate at compression ratios up to at least 8.0 without preignition or "pinking" is hecter fuel, whence a careful determination of its performance is of importance. For the test data presented in this report the hecter fuel used was a mixture of 30 per cent benzol and 70 per cent cyclohexane, having a low freezing point, and distilling from first drop to 90 per cent at nearly a constant temperature, about 20 degrees c. below the average distillation temperature ("mean volatility") of the x gasoline (export grade). The results of these experiments show that the power developed by hecter fuel is the same as that developed by export aviation gasoline at about 1,800 r.p.m. at all altitudes. At lower speeds differences in the power developed by the fuels become evident. Comparisons at ground level were omitted to avoid any possibility of damaging the engine by operating with open throttle on gasoline at so high a compression. The fuel consumption per unit power based on weight, not volume, averaged more than 10 per cent greater with hecter than with x gasoline. The thermal efficiency of the engine when using hecter is less than when using gasoline, particularly at higher speeds. A generalization of the difference for all altitudes and speeds being 8 per cent. A general deduction from these facts is that more hecter is exhausted unburnt. Hecter can withstand high compression pressures and temperature without preignition. (author).
- Comparison of United States and British Standard Pitot-Static Tubes
- The results shown in this report give a comprehensive comparison of the accuracy of United States and British standard pitot tubes.
- Construction of Models for Tests in Wind Tunnels
- Report deals with the methods of constructing aerofoils and all other parts of a model airplane, including discussion of the degree of accuracy.
- Design of Recording Wind Tunnel Balances
- Given here is a description of the design of a scientific recording wind tunnel balance. It was decided that the most satisfactory arrangement would be a rigid ring completely surrounding the tunnel or wind stream, so that the model could be supported from it by wires or any arrangement of spindles. The forces and moments acting on this ring can then be recorded by suitable weighing apparatus. The methods available for recording forces on the arms are explained. The proposed type of balance will support the model rigidly in a variety of ways, will make a complete test without attention, and will plot the results so that all computations are avoided.
- Development of Air Speed Nozzles
- Report describes the development of a suitable speed nozzle for the first few thousand airplanes made by the United States during the recent war in Europe, and to furnish a basis for more mature instruments in the future. Requirements for the project were to provide a suitable pressure collector for aircraft speed meters and to develop a speed nozzle which would be waterproof, powerful, unaffected by slight pitch and yaw, rugged and easy to manufacture, and uniform in structure and reading, so as not to require individual calibration.
- Development of the Inflow Theory of the Propeller
- Report discusses the theory of inflow of the propeller and the fact that both suctional axial velocity and suctional tangential velocity must be considered when calculating the maximum efficiency.
- Drag or Negative Traction of Geared-Down Supporting Propellers in the Downward Vertical Glide of a Helicopter
- Discussed here are computations of drag or negative traction of geared down supporting propellers in the downward vertical glide of a helicopter. By means of Frounde's Theory, the maximum value of the drag of a windmill is calculated. For wooden propellers, the author finds that the difference between the drag and the weight is proportional to the number of blades and is larger for propellers of small diameter; thus it is 25 kg. for a six blade propeller with a diameter of 2 m. 50.
- Duralumin
- Various properties of duralumin as used in aircraft construction are discussed, including the effects of temperature, working, tempering, and strength.
- The Dynamometer Hub
- The construction of the dynamometer hub is illustrated and explained, and its electrical and aviation motor tests, as well as those in free flight, described.
- Educational Agencies in Mining Communities
- Report on the importance of industrial education in the mining sector. It explains general education and facilities for specialized education for proficiency in a given field.
- Effect of Altitude on Radiator Performance
- As an airplane rises to high altitudes the decrease in the density and the temperature of the air have important effects on the performance of the radiator. This report gives the results of a study of the effect of reduced pressure and temperature upon the capacity of airplane radiators. A method is presented by which the performance of a radiator at an altitude may be estimated for a particular speed of the airplane at a particular altitude.
- The Effect of Kiln Drying on the Strength of Airplane Woods
- This report is a very complete treatise on the comparative strength of air and kiln dried wood. The series of tests includes 26 species of wood, approximately 100 kiln runs, and over 10,000 mechanical tests.
- Effect of Temperature and Pressure on the Sparking Voltage
- This report presents the results of an investigation which was to determine how the voltage necessary to produce the proper spark discharge varies with the pressure and temperature of the gas in which the discharge takes place.
- The Efficiency of Small Bearings in Instruments of the Type Used in Aircraft
- This report deals with the construction and properties of bearings and pivots for use in instruments. The static and running friction for both thrust and radial loads was determined for a number of conical pivots and cylindrical and ball bearings. The static rocking friction was also measured for several conical and ball bearings under a heavy load, especially to determine their suitability for use in N. P. L. (National Physical Laboratory) type wind tunnel balance.
- Efflux of Gases Through Small Orifices
- Scientific paper issued by the Bureau of Standards over studies conducted on gas effusion rates. The methods used and the results of the studies are presented and discussed. This paper includes tables, and illustrations.
- Experience With Geared Propeller Drives for Aviation Engines
- An overview is given of experience with geared propeller drives for aviation engines. The development of gear wheels is discussed with emphasis upon bending stresses, compressive stresses, heating, and precision in manufacturing. With respect to the general arrangement of gear drives for airplanes, some principal rules of mechanical engineering that apply with special force are noted.
- Experimental Research on Air Propellers, 3
- Report presents the results of wind tunnel tests of propellers that examined the influence of the following characteristics: (1) nominal pitch ratio 1.3 combined with a certain number of the more common or standard forms and proportions; (2) driving face slightly rounded or convex; (3) change in the location of the maximum thickness ordinate of the blade section; (4) pushing forward the leading edge of the blade, thus giving a rounded convex surface on the leading side of the driving face. (5) a series of values for the constant "angle of attack" in forming propellers with radially increasing pitch. In accordance with these purposes tests were carried out on 28 propellers.
- Extinguishing and Preventing Oil and Gas Fires
- From Introduction: " As the subject of oil and gas is necessarily broad, no attempt is made in this bulletin to treat it exhaustively; rather the bulletin aims to point out what has been done by operators in the past, and to describe various fire-prevention methods and fire-fighting apparatus which are being used or adopted by many of the larger oil companies. These methods and apparatus, it is believed, if universally employed by operators, will largely decrease the present enormous annual losses."
- Fabric Fastenings
- The study of aeronautical fabrics has led to a consideration of the best methods of attaching and fastening together such materials. This report presents the results of an investigation upon the proper methods of attaching fabrics to airplane wings. The methods recommended in this report have been adopted by the military services.
- The Ferrosilicon Process for the Generation of Hydrogen
- Report describes the generation of hydrogen by the reaction between ferrosilicon, sodium hydroxide, and water. This method known as the ferrosilicon method is especially adapted for use in the military field because of the relatively small size and low cost of the generator required to produce hydrogen at a rapid rate, the small operating force required, and the fact that no power is used except the small amount required to operate the stirring and pumping machinery. These advantages make it possible to quickly generate sufficient hydrogen to fill a balloon with a generator which can be transported on a motor truck. This report gives a summary of the details of the ferrosilicon process and a critical examination of the means which are necessary in order to make the process successful.
- Fuselage Stress Analysis
- Report analyzes the stresses in a fuselage of the built-up type in which the shear is taken by diagonal bracing wires. Tests are conducted for landing, flying, and thrust loads.
- A Glossary of the Mining and Mineral Industry
- From Introduction: "This glossary is published by the Bureau of Mines as a contribution to the mining literature in the belief that it will fill a long-felt need. It contains about 20,000 terms; these include both technical and purely local terms related to metal mining, coal mining, quarrying, petroleum, and natural gas, and metallurgical works; names of useful, important, and common minerals and rocks; and geological terms. It presents in one comprehensive volume the available standard, technical terms relating to the mining and mineral industry, as well as provincialisms that have been or are now in use in English-speaking countries."
- Glues Used in Airplane Parts
- This report was prepared for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and presents the results of investigations conducted by the Forest Products Laboratory of the United States Forest Service on the manufacture, preparation, application, testing and physical properties of the different types of glues used in wood airplane parts.
- Göttingen Wind Tunnel for Testing Aircraft Models
- Given here is a brief description of the Göttingen wind tunnel for the testing of aircraft models, preceded by a history of its development. Included are a number of diagrams illustrating, among other things, a sectional elevation of the wind tunnel, the pressure regulator, the entrance cone and method of supporting a model for simple drag tests, a three-component balance, and a propeller testing device, all of which are discussed in the text.
- Head Resistance Due to Radiators
- Part 1 deals with the head resistance of a number of common types of radiator cores at different speeds in free air, as measured in the wind tunnel at the bureau of standards. Part 2 gives the results of wind tunnel tests of resistance on a model fuselage with a nose radiator. Part 3 presents the results of preliminary tests of head resistance of a radiator enclosed in a streamlined casing.
- Heat Energy of Various Ignition Sparks
- "This report describes a method developed at the Bureau of Standards for measuring the total energy liberated as heat in a spark gap by an ignition system. Since this heat energy is obtained from the electromagnetic energy stored in the windings of the magneto or coil, it is a measure of the effectiveness of the device as an electric generator" (p. 3).
- High thermal efficiency in airplane service
- Described here is a method by which high average fuel economy has been achieved in aircraft engines. Details are given of the design of certain foreign engines that employ an unusual type of fuel-air ratio control in which the change in power produced by a mixture change is due almost entirely to the change in the power producing ability of the unit weight of the mixture. The safety and performance features of this type of control are explained.
- Horizontal Buoyancy in Wind Tunnels
- Note presenting an examination of horizontal buoyancy in wind tunnels, including an examination of the relative flow, static pressure gradient, horizontal buoyancy computation, and methods of computation in practical use are provided.
- Increase in Maximum Pressures Produced by Preignition in Internal Combustion Engines
- Report discusses the calculations that can be used to show why pressures inside an engine during preignition are higher than average. This information can be used to design a safer engine that is able to contain the increased pressure and heat generated during preignition.
- Instrument for measuring engine clearance volumes
- With the advent of the V type engine, a new method to measure the clearance volume in cylinders was needed. It was suggested that this measurement could be made by a process which consisted essentially of simultaneously changing both a known and unknown volume of gas by a known amount and then calculating the magnitude of the unknown from the resulting difference in pressure between the two. An instrument based on this design is described.
- Investigation of the Muffling Problem for Airplane Engines
- The experimentation presented in this report falls in two divisions: first, the determination of the relation between back pressure in the exhaust line and consequent power loss, for various combinations of speed and throttle positions of the engine; second, the construction and trial of muffler designs covering both type and size. Report deals with experiments in the development of a muffler designed on the principle which will give the maximum muffling effect with a minimum loss of power. The main body of the work has been done on a Curtiss OX eight-cylinder airplane engine, 4 by 5 inches, rated 70 horsepower at 1,200 revolutions per minute.
- Italian and French Experiments on Wind Tunnels
- Given here are the results of experiments conducted by Colonel Costanzi of the Italian Army to determine the influence of the surrounding building in which a wind tunnel was installed on the efficiency of the installation, and how the efficiency of the installation was affected by the design of the tunnel. Also given are the results of a series of experiments by Eiffel on 34 models of tunnels of different dimensions. This series of experiments was started in order to find out if, by changing the shape of the nozzle or of the diffuser of the large tunnel at Auteuil, the efficiency of the installation could be improved.
- Manganese: Uses, Preparation, Mining Costs and the Production of Ferro-Alloys
- From Introduction: "In this bulletin the reports on manganese are presented, which range in scope from the beneficiation of the ore to the utilization of the metal."
- The Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid in the United States
- Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over the production of sulfuric acid. As stated in the introduction, "the present bulletin was prepared to cover the main facts in regard to the industry in this country, including a discussion of the supplies of sulfur-bearing raw materials, the situation of the acid plants, the principal points in regard to manufacturing processes, and the uses of the acid" (p. 2). This report includes tables, illustrations, photographs, and a map.