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- The 1958 He4 Scale of Temperatures: Part 1. Introduction, Part 2. Tables for the 1958 Temperature Scale
- Report containing information regarding He4 vapor pressure measurement as of 1958, the recent history of the vapor pressure temperature scale, and a series of tables containing these measurements.
- Abscissas and Weights for Guassian Quadrature For N=2 to 100, and N-125, 150, 175, 200
- The abscissas and weights for Gaussian Quadrature of order N = 2 to 100,and N = 125, 150, 175, and 200 are given. The abscissas are given to twenty-four places and the error is estimated to be no more than 1 unit in the last place. The weights are given to twenty-three places and the error is estimated to be no more than 1 unit in the last place.
- Acceleration Due to Gravity at the National Bureau of Standards
- Report describing the determination of the absolute value of the acceleration due to gravity at the National Bureau of Standards.
- Acid-Base Behavior in Aprotic Organica Solvents
- Report presenting the National Bureau of Standards' research program designed to determine and explain acid-base behavior in aprotic organic solvents and to develop methods and reference materials for determining total acid and base content and relative strengths of acids and bases in the media.
- Amplitude-Probability Distributions for Atmospheric Radio Noise
- Report providing detail measurements and percentages in charts, using three statistical parameters, for amplitude-probability distributions of atmospheric radio noise.
- Analysis of Coaxial Two-Terminal Conical Capacitor
- From Abstract: "The electric field is plotted and its construction steps for axial symmetry are given."
- Analysis of Electric Energy Usage in Air Force Houses Equipped with Air-to-Air Heat Pumps
- From Introduction: "One part of this study, which is presented in this Monograph, consists of an analysis of electric energy usage and electric power demand data obtained from a sample group of occupied houses at Little Rock Air Force Base in Arkansas, equipped with heat pumps, water heaters, cooking ranges, clothes dryers, and miscellaneous appliances all operated by electricity."
- Analysis of Optically Excited Mercury Molecules
- Report presenting new measurement techniques used to obtain potential curves, f-values, and kinetic behavior for Hg2. The Hg2 molecule is representative of a class of molecules which have dissociative ground states and bound excited states. It can therefore be used as a prototype of this class of molecules which are of interest as potential new laser candidates. Because of the non-bound ground state, standard absorption spectroscopic techniques cannot be used to obtain the necessary information about the excited states.
- Analytical Standards for Trace Elements in Petroleum Products
- Report discussing a search conducted for stable, oil-soluble, organic compounds of metals (and other elements) for use in the spectrographic analysis of petroleum products. Compounds having suitable physical properties have been selected as standards. Methods are given for preparation of the compounds and for the spectrographic and chemical analysis of the chosen standards. Procedures are described for the preparation of stable solutions thereof in petroleum oils.
- Annotated Bibliography on Soft X-ray Spectroscopy
- Report presenting a bibliography of about 550 references of the soft X-ray literature since 1950 and through 1960. The emphasis is on the application of soft X-ray spectroscopy to the study of valence band electronic states in metals and alloys. Therefore, the spectral region of 25 to 800 angstroms involving ruled glass grating spectrometers is of principal interest. In addition to soft X-ray data, references on all pertinent aspects of the apparatus and experimental problems are included. Also listed separately are references of value in corroborating soft X-ray data with other results. Subject, author, X-ray band, material, and other indices are included.
- Applications of Waveguide and Circuit Theory to the Development of Accurate Microwave Measurement Methods and Standards
- Report issued by the Bureau of Standards over "the basic theory and analytical methods used in the development of accurate microwave measurement methods and standards" (p. x). These methods are presented and discussed. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.
- Atomic Energy Levels in Crystals
- Report discussing discrete energy levels observed within certain crystals which are due to perturbations of energy levels of the free ion by an electrostatic field arising from the crystal lattice. The analytic procedures for determining the field from the charge configuration are given, and the resulting fields are classified according to their symmetry. After a general survey of group-theoretical ideas, the applicable groups are analyzed in detail, and characters appropriate for both integral and half-integral angular momenta of the free ion are tabulated. Text includes tabulations, equations, and matrices using Wigner and Racah coefficients.
- Automatic Indexing: A State-of-the-Art Report
- Report issued by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards discussing results of a survey conducted on automatic mechanized indexing and data processing. As stated in the introduction, "it has concentrated on the major developments in and related demonstrations of automatic indexing potentialities. Examples are also given of indexes compiled by machine and of potentially related research efforts in such areas as natural language text searching, statistical association techniques used for search and retrieval, and proposed systems for concept processing" (p. 1). This report includes an illustration.
- Automatic Indexing: A State-of-the-Art Report
- Report presenting a state-of-the-art survey of automatic indexing systems and experiments. It was conducted by the Research Information Center and Advisory Service on Information Processing, Information Technology Division, Institute for Applied Technology, National Bureau of Standards. Consideration is first given to indexes compiled by or with the aid of machines, including citation indexes. Advantages, disadvantages, and possibilities for modification and improvement are discussed. Experiments in automatic assignment indexing are summarized. Related research efforts in such areas as automatic classification and categorization, computer use of thesauri, statistical association techniques, and linguistic data processing are described. A major question is that of evaluation, particularly in view of evidence of human inter-indexer inconsistency. It is concluded that indexes based on words extracted from text are practical for many purposes today.
- Automatic Measurement of Network Parameters: A Survey
- Report issued by the Bureau of Standards over a survey conducted on measurement methods of network parameters. As stated in the introduction, "this paper is concerned with the development of automatic methods of measuring basically the magnitudes and phase differences, or the complex ratio of two sinusoidal voltages, and applications of this capability to determining complex reflection coefficients and transmission coefficients and group delay times of electrical networks" (p. 1). This report includes tables, and illustrations.
- Automatic Typographic-Quality Typesetting Techniques: A State-of-the-Art Review
- From Introduction Purpose and Scope of Report: "This report is one of a series prepared for the Research Information Center and Advisory Service on Information Processing (RICASIP), and intended as a contribution to improved cooperation in the fields of information selection systems development, information retrieval research and mechanized translation."
- Basic Magnetic Quantities and the Measurement of the Magnetic Properties of Materials
- From Introduction: "The work of the Magnetic Measurements Section of the National Bureau of Standards includes (1) testing of specifically prepared test specimens intended for use as standards for checking magnetic testing apparatus (2) investigation and development of magnetic testing apparatus (3) calibration of mutual inductors, test coils, and instruments for measuring magnetic fields, and (4) investigations in the field of magnetics such as studies of phenomena associated with nuclear magnetic resonance or the selection and testing of materials suitable to be used as standards of magnetic susceptibility."
- Bibliography and Index on Vacuum and Low Pressure Measurement
- From Introduction: "This paper consists essentially of a) a bibliography, b) an author index, and c) an index of the subject matter of the bibliography. While the primary objective is to focus on vacuum measurement, it was believed essential to include in the bibliography articles on vacuum technology in some measure accessory or essential to vacuum measurement. For maximum usefulness, an index of the subject matter of the references has been prepared. The abstract publications listed in the previous paragraph have been freely drawn upon in preparing the bibliography."
- Bibliography and Index on Vacuum and Low Pressure Measurement, January 1960 to December 1965
- From Abstract: "The bibliography, a supplement to NBS Monograph 35, of the same title, covers the years 1960 to 1965, inclusive, and include 109 references for prior years not listed in Monograph 35. It contains 1787 references, 38 of which are to books. The references, besides those directly concerned with pressure measurement, include those on vacuum technology which may bear on the technique of vacuum measurement, such as on adsorption and desorption, diffusion of gases into solids, gas conductance and hardware such as pumps, seals and traps."
- Bibliography of Temperature Measurement: January 1953 to June 1960
- Report presenting more than 500 references to the field of temperature measurement. These references were collected from two general sources: Scientific and technical literature and government reports. The period covered is from 1953 to June 1960, with some from earlier dates. References are divided into a number of categories based on the type of instrument used. Some references to calibration of instruments and to scientific theories upon which temperature measurement is based are also presented.
- Bibliography of Temperature Measurement: July 1960 to December 1962
- Report presenting 700 additional references to the field of temperature measurement as a supplement to NBS Monograph 27, "Bibliography of Temperature Measurement, January 1953 to June 1960" issued April 6, 1961. These references were collected from two general sources: Scientific and technical literature and government reports. The period covered is from July 1960 to December 1962 with some earlier references which were found later. The arrangement of material is the same as in Monograph 27.
- Bibliography of Temperature Measurement: July 1960 to December 1965
- Report combining National Bureau of Standards Monograph 27 with the references given in Supplement 1 (May 13, 1963) and issued as a single publication to assist users of this material. References concern the field of temperature measurement. These references were collected from two general sources: Scientific and technical literature and government reports. References are divided into a number of categories based on the type of instrument used. Some references to calibration of instruments and to scientific theories upon which temperature measurement is based are also presented.
- Bibliography on Atomic Transition Probabilities
- Report presenting a bibliography on atomic transition probabilities. The papers are arranged according to elements and stages of ionization, and the method employed and class of transitions are indicated behind each reference. Only articles on discrete transitions, both permitted and forbidden, are listed. Also included is a supplementary list of papers dealing with transition probabilities from a general point of view, a table showing the availability of numerical material on the individual atoms and ions, and a table of conversion factors.
- Bibliography on Molecular and Crystal Structure Models
- Report that briefly describes many of the models of crystal and molecular structures which have appeared in the literature, and presents a bibliography of the publications, grouped according to model types, which describe the models in more detail.
- BOLOVAC Systems for Measuring Electrical Quantities From 0.5 MHz Through Microwaves
- From Introduction: "This paper describes in some detail how Bolovac works, when its structural components are, what are the methods and steps of the procedure in its various major applications, and reasons for its advantages. The emphasis is on applications. Present status at the National Bureau of Standards relating to fabricating the most important component of the Bolovac-the bolometric disk-is briefly pointed out."
- The Calculation of Rotational Energy Levels and Rotational Line Intensities in Diatomic Molecules
- Report describing procedures for making quantum mechanical calculations of rotational energy levels and rotational line intensities in diatomic molecules. The procedures are illustrated by sample calculations. A familiarity with the material of this report should enable a practicing electronic spectroscropist to carry out, though in a rather mechanical way, his own theoretical calculations for molecules under experimental investigation.
- Calibration of Line Standards of Length and Measuring Tapes at the National Bureau of Standards
- From Abstract: "The methods used at the National Bureau of Standards in calibrating line standards of length and measuring tapes submitted for standardization are outlined. The equipment used is described briefly. There is a discussion of some considerations that should be given as to whether or not a standard should be submitted to the Bureau."
- Calibration of Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
- Report discussing important elements of thermometer design. Factors affecting the use of common types of liquid-in-glass thermometers are included together with tables of tolerances and reasonably attainable accuracies. The calculation of corrections for the temperature of the emergent stem is given in detail for various types of thermometers and conditions of use.
- Calibration Procedures for Direct-Current Resistance Apparatus
- From Object and Scope of This Paper: "This paper describes the apparatus and procedures used at the National Bureau of Standards for the measurement of d-c resistance when an accuracy of a few parts in a million is required. The object will be to explain procedures in detail and as simply as possible, with a minimum reference to theory."
- Capacities of Stacks in Sanitary Drainage Systems for Buildings
- "Some of the important results obtained in investigations of capacities of plumbing stacks in test systems at the National Bureau of Standards and elsewhere are discussed. Data are shown from experiments on the flow of water and air in such systems, and analyses of certain flow phenomena are given. Methods are shown for applying the results of research in hydraulics and pneumatics to the preparation of loading tables (for drainage and vent stacks) suitable for use in plumbing codes" (p. 1).
- Causes of Variation in Chemical Analyses and Physical Tests of Portland Cement
- Report discussing variations in comparative tests of portland cements that could lead to the rejection of a material fully conforming to specification requirements, or the acceptance of a material with undesirable chemical or physical properties. Many of the causes for variation in chemical analyses and physical test results are listed in this discussion, and remedies for some of the more frequently encountered deficiencies in apparatus and methods are suggested.
- Chemistry of Cement: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium, Washington 1960, Volume 2
- From Synopsis: "This paper deals mainly with cement paste in terms of its porosity, internal surface area, interaction between solid substance and evaporable water and related properties."
- Climatic Charts and Data of the Radio Refractive Index for the United States and the World
- From Introduction: "This Monograph has as its purpose the compilation and analysis of the extensive radio refractive index data available within the Central Radio Propagation Laboratory of the National Bureau of Standards. This will be accomplished by presenting both tabulations of basic data for specific locations and charts for interpolation to any location."
- Colorimetry
- "The definition of color, as a characteristics of light, and the basic principles of its measurement are given. The reduction of spectrophotometric data to three chromaticity coordinates by means of the three-function CIE standard observer system for colorimetry is described. Various methods of direct colorimetry, and visual and photoelectric methods of colorimetry by differences from material standards are treated" (p. 1).
- Colors of Signal Lights: Their Selection, Definition, Measurement, Production, and Use
- Report discussing the selection, specifications, and use of signal-light colors. It discusses the nature of the problem, and the mathematical representation, recognition, production, control, and use of such colors. The characteristics of different types of chromaticity boundaries and the purpose and effect of the requirement for similarity of chromaticity characteristics are given special consideration. The treatment is varied according to the intended use. The discussion of the control of colors and the section on the use of colors are nontechnical, whereas the section on the production of signal colors is designed for the colorimetrist who is faced with the problem of selecting limit filters or drafting a specification.
- A Compilation and Evaluation of Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrical Properties of Selected Polymers
- From Abstract: "This compilation abstracts original experimental data on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of six commercially available polymers. The data are also summarized and a brief description of each polymer is included."
- Compilation of the Melting Points of the Metal Oxides
- Report compiling the melting points of 70 metal oxides published prior to January 1963. Both the original melting point and the equivalent value based on the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1948 are presented. Included in the survey is information on pertinent experimental details such as the method of temperature measurement, purity, furnace type, and environmental conditions.
- A Complete Mode Sum for LF, VLF, ELF Terrestrial Radio Wave Fields
- Report discussing the VLF, ELF propagation in the earth-ionosphere waveguide emphasizing the total field found by summing all modes which contribute appreciably. Solutions are given and calculations are made for a homogeneous isotropic ionosphere, a homogeneous ionosphere with a constant radial magnetic field imposed, and an ionosphere with a magnetic field of arbitrary dip angle.
- Computers, Health Records, and Citizen Rights
- Report issued by the Bureau of Standards over studies on the benefits of computerized record-keeping. Medical records were chosen for the studies, and they also focus on patient privacy and rights. This report includes tables, and illustrations.
- Conductive Flooring for Hospital Operating Rooms
- Report issued by the Bureau of Standards over studies on the importance of conductive flooring in hospitals. Types of conductive flooring are compared, and tested. The methods and results are presented, and discussed. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.
- Corrected Optical Pyrometer Readings
- Report presenting a table of corrected optical pyrometer readings which enables optical pyrometer users to convert observed temperature immediately to the true temperature, if the effective emissivity of the material being observed is known. The table gives observed temperatures from 1,000 to 3,000ºK in increments of 5 degrees, from 3,000 to 5,000ºK in increments of 10 degrees, from 5,000 to 10,000ºK in increments of 50 degrees, and from 10,000 to 39,900ºK in increments of 100 degrees. For these, true temperatures are tabulated for 49 emissivities ranging from 0.02 to 0.98 in increments of 0.02.
- Corrosion and Protection of Steel Piles in a Natural Seawater Environment
- From Introduction: "This paper describes some results of the first eight years of a fifteen year program in which a variety of coating and catholic protection systems are evaluated on their ability to protect steel piles in offshore conditions at Dam Neck, Virginia. It includes a description of the methods used in the evaluation and the results found on these systems."
- Corrosion of Steel Pilings in Soils
- From Introduction: "In this paper are presented the results obtained to date from the inspections of steel pilings. The investigation will be continued by additional inspections of pilings in other parts if the country in order to cover a wider range of soil environments."
- Corrosion Rates On Underground Steel Test Piles at Turcot Yard, Montreal, Canada - Part 1
- From Abstract: "This paper describes the determination of corrosion rates based on the polarization measurements made up to the time of the removal of the first group of piles in 1969."
- Creep and Drying Shrinkage of Lightweight and Normal-Weight Concretes
- From Scope of Investigation: "The work reported here is part of a continuing program concerning the long-term volume changes in concretes made from lightweight and normal-weight aggregates. The creep, drying-shrinkage, and strength data presented are for concretes made with 24 expanded shale lightweight aggregates and 5 natural, normal-weight aggregates. These aggregates were from widely separated geographical locations and were to be representative samples of aggregates being used in the production of structural concretes."
- CRPL Exponential Reference Atmosphere
- From Introduction: "In this monograph, the background of the exponential reference atmosphere will be outlined and a set of radio ray tracings presented. These ray may be used for the solution of many problems involving refraction by means of the exponential reference atmosphere."
- Curves of Input Impedance Change Due to Ground for Dipole Antennas
- Report presenting graphs of the change in input impedance of electrically short dipole antennas in the presence of an isotropic and homogeneous ground which considers four types of antennas: horizontal and vertical, electric and magnetic dipoles. Curves of the change in both the input resistance and reactance are shown for a wide range of values of the frequency, antenna height above the ground, and electromagnetic ground constants.
- Determination of Total X-Ray Beam Energy With a Calibrated Ionization Chamber
- From Abstract: "This report describes the use of an air-filled aluminum-alloy ionization chamber to determine the energy transported by a bremsstrahlung beam with maximum photon energy in the range 6 to 170 Mev. This report can be used to construct a replica chamber to determine its absolute calibration between 6 and 170 Mev under a variety of experimental conditions."
- Development of High-Temperature Strain Gages
- From Introduction: "An improved high-temperature gage was needed, and in an attempt to fill this need an investigation was initiated in February 1954 in the Enameled Metals Laboratory at the National Bureau of Standards. The present Monograph constitutes a final summary on this program."
- The Development of Loran-C Navigation and Timing
- From Abstract: "This work traces the development of the Loran-C concept from its inception as a 100-kHz pulse hyperbolic navigation system to more recent times when it found a variety of applications to both timing and navigation."