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- 1989 OCRWM [Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management] Bulletin compilation and index
- The OCRWM Bulletin is published by the Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management to provide current information about the national program for managing spent fuel and high-level radioactive waste. This document is a compilation of issues from the 1989 calendar year. A table of contents and one index have been provided to assist in finding information contained in this year`s Bulletins. The pages have been numbered consecutively at the bottom for easy reference. 7 figs.
- Activation of cobalt by neutrons from the Hiroshima bomb
- A study has been completed of cobalt activation in samples from two new locations in Hiroshima. The samples consisted of a piece of steel from a bridge located at a distance of about 1300 m from the hypocenter and pieces of both steel and concrete from a building located at approximately 700 m. The concrete was analyzed to obtain information needed to calculate the cobalt activation in the two steel samples. Close agreement was found between calculated and measured values for cobalt activation of the steel sample from the building at 700 m. It was found, however, that the measured values for the bridge sample at 1300 m were approximately twice the calculated values. Thus, the new results confirm the existence of a systematic error in the transport calculations for neutrons from the Hiroshima bomb. 52 refs., 32 figs., 16 tabs.
- Activities and Operations of the Advanced Computing Research Facility : January 1989-January 1990
- This report reviews the activities and operations of the Advanced Computing Research Facility (ACRF) for the period January 1, 1989, through January 31, 1990. The ACRF is operated by the Mathematics and Computer Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory. The facility's principal objective is to foster research in parallel computing. Toward this objective, the ACRF continues to operate experimental advanced computers and to sponsor new technology transfer efforts and new research projects.
- Appendix A. Station Reliability Tables
- "The appendix contains daily and monthly tabulations of running time for each station" monitoring earthquake activity in the Western Ohio - Indiana region. (p. A1)
- Appendix B: Arrival Time Data
- "This appendix contains phase arrival information for local and near-regional events which have been well recorded by the Anna Seismic Network." (p. B1)
- Application of neural nets to system identification and bifurcation analysis of real world experimental data
- We report results on the use of neural nets, and the closely related radial basis nets'', to analyze experimental time series from electro-chemical systems. We show how the nets may be used to derive a map that describes the nonlinear system, and how reserving an extra input line'' of the network allows one to learn the system behavior dependent on a control variable. Pruning'' of the network after training appears to result in elimination of spurious connection weights and enhanced predictive accuracy. Subsequent analysis of the learned map using techniques of bifurcation theory allows both nonlinear system identification and accurate and efficient predictions of long-term system behavior. The electrochemical system that was used involved the electrodissolution of copper in phosphoric acid. This system exhibits interesting low dimensional dynamics such transitions from steady state to oscillatory behavior and from period-one to period-two oscillations. This analysis provides an example of methodology that can be fruitful in understanding systems for which no adequate phenomenological model exists, or for which predictions of system behavior given a large scale, complicated model is inherently impractical. 17 refs., 2 figs.
- Application of Soil Venting at a Large Scale: A Data and Modeling Analysis
- Soil venting will be applied at a demonstration scale to a site at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory which is contaminated with carbon tetrachloride and other organic vapors. The application of soil venting at the site is unique in several aspects including scale, geology, and data collection. The containmented portion of the site has a surface area of over 47,000 square meters (12 acres) and the depth to the water table is approximately 180 meters. Migration of contaminants through the entire depth of the vadose zone is evidenced by measured levels of chlorinated solvents in the underlying aquifer. The geology of the site consists of a series of layered basalt flows interspersed with sedimentary interbeds. The depth of the vadose zone, the nature of fractured basalt flows, and the degree of contamination all tend to make drilling difficult and expensive. Because of the scale of the site, extent of contamination, and expense of drilling, a computer model has been developed to simulate the migration of the chlorinated solvents during plume growth and cleanup. The demonstration soil venting operation has been designed to collect pressure drop and plume migration data to assist with calibration of the transport model. The model will then be used to help design a cost-effective system for site cleanup which will minimize the drilling required. This paper discusses mathematical models which have been developed to estimate the growth and eventful cleanup of the site. 12 refs., 4 figs.
- Argon Test Cell (ATC) Cryostat Engineering Note
- No Description Available.
- An Assessment of Freeze Brand and PIT Tag Recovery Data for Juvenile Salmonids at McNary Dam, 1988 Annual Report.
- This study evaluated mark recovery data from PIT-tagged and freeze-branded river-run yearling and subyearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), sockeye salmon (Q. nerka), and steelhead (0. mykiss) at McNary Dam in 1988. Double-marked (PIT-tagged and freeze-branded) juvenile salmonids were released within the McNary Dam collection system upstream from the PIT-tag detectors and brand sampling system. Results indicate that brands were recovered in smaller proportions than PIT tags and the variability of brand data was considerable. Most of the error associated with brands was attributable to human error inherent in brand detection and interpretation.
- Biological Manipulation of Migration Rate: The Use of Advanced Photoperiod to Accelerate Smoltification in Yearling Chinook Salmon, Annual Report 1988.
- Research was conducted to assess the feasibility of biologically manipulating physiological development and migratory behavior of yearling spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. At Dworshak National Fish Hatchery a treatment group was exposed to a 3-month advanced photoperiod cycle for 14 weeks preceding release. Physiological development and migratory performance of this group was compared to a control group. Changes in physiological indices indicated that exposing fish to an advanced photoperiod treatment increased the rate of smolt development. Photoperiod treatment also altered passage patterns and timing at Lower Granite Dam. 26 refs., 6 figs., 7 tabs.
- Biological Processes in the Water Column of the South Atlantic Bight: Zooplankton Responses
- The goal of the Fall Removal Experiment 1987 was to determine the processes affecting the dependent and fate of low salinity coastal water and of biological material therein during fall when winds are mainly south-to westward. Five zooplankton taxa, Acartia tonsa, (A. tonsa) Paracalanus species (sp), Temora turbinata (T. turbinata), Oncaea sp, and Sagitta enflata were examined. Data on the distribution of all five taxa were presented, and distribution over time was also studied. The abundance of A. tonsa decreased tenfold over the 13 day sampling period, Paracalanus varied twofold and T. Turbinata showed little variability. The A. tonsa decrease was postulated to result from food abundance or predation, although the possible role of size distribution, water displacement and chlorophyll distribution will be examined in the future. A possible role of turbulence in zooplankton abundance is being examined. 8 refs., 5 figs.
- Bunch lengthening in the SLC (Stanford Linear Collider) damping rings
- A high level of current dependent bunch lengthening has been observed on the North damping ring of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC). At currents of 3 {times} 10{sup 10} this behavior does not appear to degrade the machine's performance significantly. However, at the higher currents that are envisioned for the future one fears that its performance could be greatly degraded due to the phenomenon of bunch lengthening. This was the motivation for the work described in this paper. In this paper we calculate the longitudinal impedance of the damping ring vacuum chamber. More specifically, in this paper we find the response function of the ring to a short Gaussian bunch, which we call the Green function wake. In addition, we try to estimate the relative importance of the different vacuum chamber objects, in order to see how we might reduce the ring impedance. This paper also describes bunch length measurements performed on the North damping ring. We use the Green function wake, discussed above, to compute the bunch lengthening. Then we compare these results with those obtained from the measurements. In addition, we calculate the current dependence of the tune distribution.
- Causes of failing the draft ANSI Standard N13. 30 radiobioassay performance criterion for minimum detectable amount
- The test methods used for PNL bioassay performance tests were evaluated by comparing the MDA based on performance tests results with MDA calculated by PNL using the bioassay laboratory's own quality control (QC) data. Two in vitro laboratories and two in vivo laboratories were studied and a correlation between the performance test MDA estimates and QC data was demonstrated. However, it was often necessary to examine the QC data to identify important characteristics of the blank distribution that affect the MDA calculation. Since the MDA equation must be based on the specific analysis and calculational methods of the procedure evaluated. Even when the correct MDA equation is applied, the MDA calculated will have a relatively large confidence interval when only a few replicates are used to estimate the standard deviation. For this reason, a relatively precise estimate of the MDA is generally only available when Poisson statistics may be applied. It was concluded that performance testing alone cannot provide all the information necessary to make an accurate estimate of the measurement process MDA. Review of the laboratory's QC data and the entire measurement procedure will be necessary. Specific recommendations for changes to draft ANSI N13.30 Performance Criteria for Radiobioassay'' are given. 10 refs., 18 figs., 11 tabs.
- Characterization of Plasma Flow Through Magnetic Nozzles
- No Description Available.
- Cle Elum Lake Sockeye Salmon Restoration Feasibility Study, 1987-1989 Progress Report.
- This report summarizes research activities conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) from July 1988 through March 1989 relating to the Cle Elum Lake sockeye salmon restoration feasibility study. During this period, efforts focused on collection and spawning of adult sockeye salmon from the Wenatchee River, incubation of eggs from the 1988-brood, and the rearing of juveniles from the 1987-brood. In late July and early August 1988, 520 adult sockeye salmon were captured at fishways on the Wenatchee River and transferred to net-pens in Lake Wenatchee. Fish were held to maturity in late September and early October, spawned, and eggs incubated at a quarantine hatchery in Seattle, WA. The 336 sockeye salmon successfully spawned from the net-pens at Lake Wenatchee were surveyed for the presence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) and other replicating viruses. In addition, 13 and 5 sockeye salmon spawners were surveyed from spawning grounds on the White and Little Wenatchee Rivers, respectively, from within the Lake Wenatchee system. 12 refs., 4 figs., 6 tabs.
- A comparison of two- and three-dimensional S809 airfoil properties for rough and smooth HAWT (horizontal-axis wind turbine) rotor operation
- At the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), we carried out tests to measure the effects of leading-edge roughness on an S809 airfoil using a 10-m, three-bladed, horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT). The rotor employed a constant-chord (.457 m) blade geometry with zero twist. Blade structural loads were measured with strain gages mounted at 9 spanwise locations. Airfoil pressure measurements were taken at the 80% spanwise station using 32 pressure taps distributed around the airfoil surface. Detailed inflow measurements were taken using nine R.M. Young Model 8002 propvane anemometers on a vertical plane array (VPA) located 10 m upwind of the test turbine in the prevailing wind direction. The major objective of this test was to determine the sensitivity of the S809 airfoil to roughness on a rotating wind turbine blade. We examined this effect by comparing several parameters. We compared power curves to show the sensitivity of whole rotor performance to roughness. We used pressure measurements to generate pressure distributions at the 80% span which operates at a Reynolds number (Re) of 800,000. We then integrated these distributions to determine the effect of roughness on the section's lift and pressure-drag coefficients. We also used the shapes of these distributions to understand how roughness affects the aerodynamic forces on the airfoil. We also compared rough and smooth wind tunnel data to the rotating blade data to study the effects of blade rotation on the aerodynamic behavior of the airfoil below, near, and beyond stall. 13 refs., 11 figs.
- Computed Tomography software and standards
- This document establishes the software design, nomenclature, and conventions for industrial Computed Tomography (CT) used in the Nondestructive Evaluation Section at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. It is mainly a users guide to the technical use of the CT computer codes, but also presents a proposed standard for describing CT experiments and reconstructions. Each part of this document specifies different aspects of the CT software organization. A set of tables at the end describes the CT parameters of interest in our project. 4 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.
- Computer aided surface representation
- The central research problem of this project is the effective representation, computation, and display of surfaces interpolating to information in three or more dimensions. If the given information is located on another surface, then the problem is to construct a surface defined on a surface''. Sometimes properties of an already defined surface are desired, which is geometry processing''. Visualization of multivariate surfaces is possible by means of contouring higher dimensional surfaces. These problems and more are discussed below. The broad sweep from constructive mathematics through computational algorithms to computer graphics illustrations is utilized in this research. The breadth and depth of this research activity makes this research project unique.
- Computer Aided Surface Representation. Progress Report, June 1, 1989--May 31, 1990
- The central research problem of this project is the effective representation, computation, and display of surfaces interpolating to information in three or more dimensions. If the given information is located on another surface, then the problem is to construct a ``surface defined on a surface``. Sometimes properties of an already defined surface are desired, which is ``geometry processing``. Visualization of multivariate surfaces is possible by means of contouring higher dimensional surfaces. These problems and more are discussed below. The broad sweep from constructive mathematics through computational algorithms to computer graphics illustrations is utilized in this research. The breadth and depth of this research activity makes this research project unique.
- Confined Vortex Scrubber
- The program objective is to demonstrate efficient removal of fine particulates to sufficiently low levels to meet proposed small scale coal combustor emission standards. This is to be accomplished using a novel particulate removal device, the Confined Vortex Scrubber. This is the first quarterly technical progress report under this contract. Accordingly, a summary of the cleanup concept and the structure of the program is given here.
- Confined Vortex Scrubber. Quarterly technical progress report, October 1, 1989--December 31, 1989
- The program objective is to demonstrate efficient removal of fine particulates to sufficiently low levels to meet proposed small scale coal combustor emission standards. This is to be accomplished using a novel particulate removal device, the Confined Vortex Scrubber. This is the first quarterly technical progress report under this contract. Accordingly, a summary of the cleanup concept and the structure of the program is given here.
- A continuous plasma final focus
- Scaling laws are set down for a plasma cell used for transport, focusing and current neutralization of fine, intense, relativistic electron beams. It is found that there exists a minimum beam spot size, {sigma}{sub min} {approximately} {epsilon}{sub n}(I{sub A}/{gamma}I){sup 1/2}, in such a focusing system. Propagation issues, including channel formation, synchrotron radiation, beam ionization and instabilities, are discussed. Three numerical examples are considered. 38 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
- Control of alpha particle transport by spatially inhomogeneous ion cyclotron resonance heating
- Control of the radial alpha particle transport by using Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency waves is investigated in a large-aspect-ratio tokamak geometry. It is shown that spatially inhomogeneous ICRF-wave energy with properly selected frequencies and wave numbers can induce fast convective transport of alpha particles at the speed of order {upsilon}{sub alpha} {approximately} (P{sub RF}/n{sub {alpha}}{epsilon}{sub 0}) {rho}{sub p}, where P{sub RF} is the ICRF-wave power density, n{sub {alpha}} is the alpha density, {epsilon}{sub 0} is the alpha birth energy, and {rho}{sub p} is the poloidal gyroradius of alpha particles at the birth energy. Application to ITER plasmas is studied and possible antenna designs to control alpha particle flux are discussed. 8 refs., 3 figs.
- Control of energetic ion confinement by ion cyclotron range of frequency waves
- It is shown that ICRF waves can induce fast convective radial transport of energetic ions in a tokamak geometry without affecting the background ion transport. Spatially inhomogeneous ICRF waves with directional parallel wave vectors are needed; otherwise, a net parallel flow of the energetic ions has to be present. 8 refs.
- The Costs and Effectiveness of Cervical Cancer Screening in Elderly Women
- This paper examines what is known about the course of cervical cancer in elderly women; the effectiveness of the Pap test and its accuracy in this age group; the relative costs and effectiveness of different screening test schedules for elderly women; and the implications of these findings for Medicare.
- Critical Connections: Communication for the Future
- The U.S. communication infrastructure is changing rapidly as a result of technological advances, deregulation, and an economic climate that is increasingly competitive. This change is affecting the way in which information is created, processed, transmitted, and provided to individuals and institutions. The report analyzes the implications of new communication technologies for business, politics, culture, and individuals, and suggests possible strategies and options for congressional consideration.
- D0 Cryo Ventilation Fan Controls and Monitoring
- This engineering note describes how exhaust fan 6 (EF-6) and exhaust fan 7 (EF-7) are controlled and monitored. Since these two fans are a vital link in the ODH safety system, they will be monitored, controlled and periodically operated by the programmable logic controller (PLC). If there should be a fault in the ventilation system, the PLC will print a warning message to the cryo control room printer and flash a descriptive warning on the ODH/ventilation graphics page. This fault is also logged to the Xpresslink graphics alarm page and to an alarm history hard disk file. The ventilation failure is also an input to the auto dialer which will continue it's automatic sequence until acknowledged. EF-6 delivers 13000 C.F.M. and is considered emergency ventilation. EF-7 delivers 4500 C.F.M. and will run 24 hrs a day. Both ventilation fans are located in an enclosed closet in the TRD gas room. Their ductwork, both inlets and outlets run along side the pipe chase, but are separated by an airtight wall. Their combination motor control starter cabinets are located in the TRD room in plain visible sight of the fans with the closet door open. The fans have signs that state they are automatically controlled and can energize at any time.
- Data compilation task report for the source investigation of the 300-FF-1 operable unit phase 1 remedial investigation
- This report provides additional information on facility and waste characteristics for the 300-FF-1 operable unit. The additional information gathered and reported includes meetings and on-site visits with current and past personnel having knowledge of operations in the operable unit, a more precise determination of the location of the Process Sewer lines and Retired Radioactive Liquid Waste Sewer, a better understanding of the phosphoric acid spill at the 340 Complex, and a search for engineering plans and environmental reports related to the operable unit. As a result of this data-gathering effort, recommendations for further investigation include characterization of the 307 Trenches to determine the origin of an underlying uranium plume in the groundwater, more extensive sampling of near-surface and dike sediments in the North and South Process Ponds to better define the extent of horizontal contamination, and detection of possible leaks in the abandoned Radioactive Waste Sewer by either electromagnetic induction or remote television camera inspection techniques. 16 refs., 4 figs., 5 tabs.
- [Development of a retrofit pulse coal combustor for industrial applications: Quarterly technical progress report, July 10, 1989--October 1, 1989]
- A detailed description of the background, technology and application for the development of a retrofit coal combustor for industrial applications was provided in the first quarterly report for the period January 1987 March 1987. In June of 1988, DOE Contract No. DE-AC22-87PC79654 was modified with the addition of a new task, as a Phase IA, to bridge the gap between Phase I and II of the program. That material is omitted from this report. Phase II was initiated on April 3, 1989. This report covers the period July 10, 1989 through October 1, 1989. Both the 750 KBtu laboratory-scale evaluation unit and the 7.5 MMBtu/hr pilot-scale combustor units were fabricated. Shakedown testing of the 7.5 MMBtu/hr unit on gas was initiated. The laboratory-scale unit was also operated and seemed at this point to operate well above that predicted by the design code. It actually achieved 99.98 percent combustion efficiency as well as peak-to-peak pressure values up to 16 psi. Shakedown testing of the 7.5 MMBtu/hr unit was extensive with firing rates from 2.3 to 9 MMBtu/hr achieved.
- [Development of a retrofit pulse coal combustor for industrial applications: Quarterly technical progress report, July 10, 1989--October 1, 1989]
- A detailed description of the background, technology and application for the development of a retrofit coal combustor for industrial applications was provided in the first quarterly report for the period January 1987 March 1987. In June of 1988, DOE Contract No. DE-AC22-87PC79654 was modified with the addition of a new task, as a Phase IA, to bridge the gap between Phase I and II of the program. That material is omitted from this report. Phase II was initiated on April 3, 1989. This report covers the period July 10, 1989 through October 1, 1989. Both the 750 KBtu laboratory-scale evaluation unit and the 7.5 MMBtu/hr pilot-scale combustor units were fabricated. Shakedown testing of the 7.5 MMBtu/hr unit on gas was initiated. The laboratory-scale unit was also operated and seemed at this point to operate well above that predicted by the design code. It actually achieved 99.98 percent combustion efficiency as well as peak-to-peak pressure values up to 16 psi. Shakedown testing of the 7.5 MMBtu/hr unit was extensive with firing rates from 2.3 to 9 MMBtu/hr achieved.
- Development of an advanced process for drying fine coal in an inclined fluidized bed
- The objective of this research project was to demonstrate a technically feasible and economically viable process for drying and stabilizing high-moisture subbituminous coal. Controlled thermal drying of coal fines was achieved using the inclined fluidized-bed drying and stabilization process developed by the Western Research Institute. The project scope of work required completion of five tasks: (1) project planning, (2) characterization of two feed coals, (3) bench-scale inclined fluidized-bed drying studies, (4) product characterization and testing, and (5) technical and economic evaluation of the process. High moisture subbituminous coals from AMAX Eagle Butte mine located in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and from Usibelli Coal Mine, Inc. in Healy, Alaska were tested in a 10-lb/hr bench-scale inclined fluidized-bed. Experimental results show that the dried coal contains less than 1.5% moisture and has a heating value over 11,500 Btu/lb. The coal fines entrainment can be kept below 15 wt % of the feed. The equilibrium moisture of dried coal was less than 50% of feed coal equilibrium moisture. 7 refs., 60 figs., 47 tabs.
- Development of small scale soft x-ray lasers: Aspects of data interpretation
- The widespread application of soft x-ray laser technology is contingent on the development of small scale soft x-ray lasers that do not require large laser facilities. Progress in the development of soft x-ray lasers pumped by a Nd laser of energy 6-12J is reported below. Some aspects of data interpretation and gain measurements in such systems are discussed. 11 refs., 11 figs.
- Diagnostic applications of transient synchrotron radiation in tokamak plasmas
- Transient radiation, resulting from a brief, deliberate perturbation of the velocity distribution of superthermal tokamak electrons, can be more informative than the steady background radiation that is present in the absence of the perturbation. It is possible to define a number of interesting inverse problems, which exploit the two-dimensional frequency-time data of the transient radiation signal. 17 refs.
- Diamond tool wear of electrodeposited nickel-phosphorus alloy
- Nickel-Phosphorus alloys are attractive materials for diamond turning applications such as fabrication of large optics and other high precision parts. Although the mechanism is not understood, diamond tool wear is minimized when the phosphorus content of the deposit is greater than 11% (wgt). In recent years, increased attention has been directed at electrodeposition as an alternate to electroless deposition for producing Ni-P alloys. One principal advantage of the electrodeposition process is that alloys with 14--15% P can be obtained; another is that an order of magnitude greater deposition thickness can be provided if necessary. This paper compares diamond turning results for electrodeposited and electroless Ni-P alloys and shows that the electrodeposited coatings provide promising results. 28 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
- Direct conversion of methane to C sub 2 's and liquid fuels
- Research on promoted metal oxide catalysts has continued with the study of alkaline earth/metal oxide halide catalysts. A barium bromide/alumina catalyst was comparable in methane conversion and selectivity to C{sub 2}'s to barium chloride/alumina catalysts. The effects of varying methane to oxygen feed ratios were explored for one of the best alkaline earth catalysts and one of the best literature catalysts (Li/MgO). A significant decrease in the selectivity to C{sub 2}'s is observed upon addition of ethane to the feed gas (feed gas methane/ethane ratio of 3). This observation demonstrates that a significant amount of ethane should not be recycled during methane oxidation over these types of catalysts under process conditions used. Methane oxidation over barium carbonate alone results in high enough selectivities and methane conversions to suggest an oxidized barium species may be responsible for methane oxidation on barium/metal oxide catalysts. Methane coupling studies have continued using layered perovskite catalysts in the cofeed mode and double perovskite catalysts in the sequential mode. Addition of sodium to the double perovskite LaCaMnCoO{sub 6} resulted in a catalyst with improved selectivity over the one without sodium. A reactor system containing two reactors in under construction. These reactors will be used to study different feed diluents, including steam. One reactor will be used to study the effects of pressure on the reaction. Process economics were explored for a hypothetical methane coupling scheme employing a feed mixture of 7/2/1 nitrogen/methane/oxygen. Economic evaluations of the first two of a series of cases based on extrapolations of Union Carbide methane coupling results have been completed. 33 refs., 17 figs., 2 tabs.
- Direct imaging of the atomic structure and chemistry of defects and interfaces by Z-contrast STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy)
- Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is a fundamentally new approach to high-resolution imaging which provides unambiguous, compositionally sensitive images on the atomic scale. Such images are intuitively interpretable, even in thick regions of the sample, tremendously simplifying determination of the structure and chemistry of defects and interfaces. To illustrate this, examples are presented of commonly observed planar defects in laser-ablated thin films of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x}. Film/substrate interfaces are shown to be chemically diffuse on the atomic scale and steps or undulations in the substrate need not result in defects in the film. Low-angle grain boundaries are found to be chemically clean, the drastic reductions in critical currents with tilt angle being due to the array of intrinsic structural defects comprising the boundary. 20 refs., 10 figs.
- A drift chamber telescope for high-Z particles
- Drift chambers are one of the position sensing technologies used in cosmic ray balloon and satellite experiments with potential application to the next generation of detectors for space flight. A low mass TPC type drift chamber, employing 8 distinct drift regions within a single gas volume has been built, tested and used at the LBL Bevalac. From the drift time X-coordinate, spatial resolutions below 100 {mu}m are obtained for a variety of heavy ions with selected trigger modes. The Y-coordinate is determined by pickup pads located behind the anode wire, thereby providing both X and Y coordinates from the same avalanche. Results from different timing schemes, {delta}-ray effects and the pickup pad resolution are presented. 6 refs., 5 figs.
- Ecology for a changing earth
- To forecast the ecological impact of global change, research initiatives are needed on the explicit role of humans in ecological systems, and on how ecological processes functioning at different spatial and temporal scales are coupled. Furthermore, to synthesize the results of ecological research for Congress, policymakers, and the general public, a new agency, called the United States Ecological Survey (USES) is urgently required. Also, a national commitment to environmental health, as exemplified by establishing a National Institutes of the Environment (NIE), should be a goal.
- Ecology for a changing earth. Final report
- To forecast the ecological impact of global change, research initiatives are needed on the explicit role of humans in ecological systems, and on how ecological processes functioning at different spatial and temporal scales are coupled. Furthermore, to synthesize the results of ecological research for Congress, policymakers, and the general public, a new agency, called the United States Ecological Survey (USES) is urgently required. Also, a national commitment to environmental health, as exemplified by establishing a National Institutes of the Environment (NIE), should be a goal.
- Ecotones in a changing environment: Workshop on ecotones and global change
- The Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) has organized an international project to synthesize and advance current theory on the influence of ecotones, or transition zones between ecosystems, on biodiversity and flows of energy, nutrients, water, and project is other materials between ecosystems. In particular, the entire project is designed to evaluate the influence of global climate change and land-use practices on biodiversity and ecological flows associated with ecotones, and will assess the feasibility of monitoring ecotones as early indicators of global change. The later stages of the project will recommend landscape management strategies for ecotones that produce desirable patterns of biodiversity and ecological flows. The result of the project--a comprehensive body of information on the theory and management of biodiversity and ecological flows associated with ecotones--will be part of the planning for research to be carried out under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program.
- Efficient iteration in data-parallel programs with irregular and dynamically distributed data structures
- To implement an efficient data-parallel program on a non-shared memory MIMD multicomputer, data and computations must be properly partitioned to achieve good load balance and locality of reference. Programs with irregular data reference patterns often require irregular partitions. Although good partitions may be easy to determine, they can be difficult or impossible to implement in programming languages that provide only regular data distributions, such as blocked or cyclic arrays. We are developing Onyx, a programming system that provides a shared memory model of distributed data structures and extends the concept of data distribution to include irregular and dynamic distributions. This provides a powerful means to specify irregular partitions. Perhaps surprisingly, programs using it can also execute efficiently. In this paper, we describe and evaluate the Onyx implementation of a model problem that repeatedly executes an irregular but fixed data reference pattern. On an NCUBE hypercube, the speed of the Onyx implementation is comparable to that of carefully handwritten message-passing code.
- The EGS4 Code System: Solution of gamma-ray and electron transport problems
- In this paper we present an overview of the EGS4 Code System -- a general purpose package for the Monte Carlo simulation of the transport of electrons and photons. During the last 10-15 years EGS has been widely used to design accelerators and detectors for high-energy physics. More recently the code has been found to be of tremendous use in medical radiation physics and dosimetry. The problem-solving capabilities of EGS4 will be demonstrated by means of a variety of practical examples. To facilitate this review, we will take advantage of a new add-on package, called SHOWGRAF, to display particle trajectories in complicated geometries. These are shown as 2-D laser pictures in the written paper and as photographic slides of a 3-D high-resolution color monitor during the oral presentation. 11 refs., 15 figs.
- Electroplating, electroless plating and electroforming
- This presentation is intended to familiarize non-platers with electrolytic and electroless deposition techniques and how these methods are used to manufacture non-reinforced metal parts by the electroforming process. The techniques enable manufacture of complex shapes, often at lower cost than other forming methods. Electroless techniques are deposition methods which provide uniform deposits of very low porosity without the use of electrical current. In electroforming, the part is formed by deposition on a mandrel or preform, from which it is subsequently separated. 10 refs., 1 fig.
- Energy efficient industrialized housing research program
- This report summarizes three documents: Multiyear Research Plan, Volume I FY 1989 Task Reports, and Volume II Appendices. These documents describe tasks that were undertaken from November 1988 to December 1989, the first year of the project. Those tasks were: (1) the formation of a steering committee, (2) the development of a multiyear research plan, (3) analysis of the US industrialized housing industry, (4) assessment of foreign technology, (5) assessment of industrial applications, (6) analysis of computerized design and evaluation tools, and (7) assessment of energy performance of baseline and advanced industrialized housing concepts. While this document summarizes information developed in each task area, it doesn't review task by task, as Volume I FY 1989 Task Reports does, but rather treats the subject of energy efficient industrialized housing as a whole to give the reader a more coherent view. 7 figs., 9 refs.
- Energy's role in competitiveness: Context and strategy
- This study of competitiveness has three objectives. The first objective is to explain how macroeconomic and microeconomic factors can affect structural change in the US economy and how energy is linked to these factors. The second objective is to provide an explanation of how many individual decision makers, in responding to higher energy prices, have changed the structure of the economy. This structural change, and the effect it has had on energy use, is estimated for the US economy. A major component of these changes results from changes in US trade with other countries, which gives rise to the third objective. The third objective is to develop a research design that will allow a better understanding of the role that energy plays in the competitiveness of goods in world trade. 30 refs., 11 figs., 5 tabs.
- Environmental assessment of the proposed 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source
- The potential environmental impacts of construction and operation of a 6- to 7-GeV synchrotron radiation source known as the 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory were evaluated. Key elements considered include on- and off-site radiological effects; socioeconomic effects; and impacts to aquatic and terrestrial flora and fauna, wetlands, water and air quality, cultural resources, and threatened or endangered species. Also incorporated are the effects of decisions made as a result of the preliminary design (Title I) being prepared. Mitigation plans to further reduce impacts are being developed. These plans include coordination with the US Army Corps of Engineers (COE) and other responsible agencies to mitigate potential impacts to wetlands. This mitigation includes providing habitat of comparable ecological value to assure no net loss of wetlands. These mitigation actions would be permitted and monitored by COE. A data recovery plan to protect cultural resources has been developed and approved, pursuant to a Programmatic Agreement among the US Department of Energy, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, and the Illinois State Historic Preservation Office. Applications for National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) and air emissions permits have been submitted to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA), respectively. 71 refs., 10 figs., 11 tabs.
- Environmental effects on corrosion in the Tuff repository
- Cortest Columbus is investigating the long-term performance of container materials used for high-level waste packages as part of the information needed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to assess the Department of Energy`s application to construct a geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste. The scope of work consists of employing short-term techniques, to examine a wide range of possible failure modes. Long-term tests are being used to verify and further examine specific failure modes identified as important by the short-term studies. The original focus of the program was on the salt repository but the emphasis was shifted to the Tuff repository. This report summarizes the results of a literature survey performed under Task 1 of the program. The survey focuses on the influence of environmental variables on the corrosion behavior of candidate container materials for the Tuff repository. Environmental variables considered include: radiation, thermal and microbial effects. 80 refs., 44 figs., 44 tabs.
- Equipment upgrades for the Pu-238 program
- Much of the equipment and instrumentation in the Pu-238 production facilities is more than 15 years old. Significant improvements have been made in the available instrumentation, in particular, due to the application of microprocessors and lasers. The Actinide Technology Section of SRL has selected and is in the process of evaluating several state-of-the-art instruments which have potential applications in the Pu-238 program. The ease of operation and the accuracy of the instruments have been improved and, in most cases, the cost of the instruments have decreased. 5 refs.
- Experimental Cooling of Bunched Beams in FNAL’s Accumulator Ring
- No Description Available.
- Experimental development of a multi-solid fluidized bed reactor concept
- The Multi-Solid Fluidized bed reactor system uses 2-stages to gasify coal at high throughputs to produce a range of products in compact reactors without requiring an oxygen plant. Data generated on the process has shown that approximately 20% by weight of the incoming coal can be converted to liquid products and an additional 20% to a fuel gas with a heating value in the range of 600 Btu/SCF. The remainder of the coal is converted to a char coproduct that, if desired, can be used within the process to generate steam or be removed from the system as a product. The relative amounts of these coproducts can be adjusted by changing process operating conditions. Sulfur in the coal exits the process primarily in the fuel gas. The fuel gas accounts for about 85% of the coal sulfur with another 10% contained in the liquid products. The circulating medium in the MSFB process also provides unique potential for the process. By using catalytically active materials, the chemical composition of the liquids or gases produced can be potentially altered to minimize the amount of upgrading necessary. Chemically active circulating materials such as a sulfur scavenger to reduce or eliminate the requirement for sulfur removal from the products produced can also be used. The relatively high gas velocities in the gasification reactor provide turbulent mixing in the base of the reactor thus reducing ash agglomeration and coal swelling problems. As a result the system can accept a range of coal types. This report describes initial tests in an integrated gasification unit as well as examines a preliminary process conceptual design. 8 refs., 14 figs., 12 tabs.