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1. 5 GeV/c multiturn shaving extraction and its transport line for the Brookhaven AGS
A system for fast shaving extraction at 1.5 GeV/c is implemented to extract the circulating beam in five turns. A numerical simulation is first carried out to determine the emittance and the rf structure of the extracted beam. This is followed by several machine study sessions which establish the optimal extraction configuration, confirm the emittance, and modify the transport line for low energy beam. Finally, a one-week run for the Neutrino Oscillation experiment demonstrates that the system is very stable and capable of delivering 7.5 x 10/sup 12/ p/sec with 70% extraction efficiency and 95% transport efficiency.
1.5 megawatt dc chopper power supplies for plasma shape control on Doublet III
The Doublet III device is designed to study noncircular plasmas, including doublet and dee-shaped cross-sections. The plasma shape is determined by a system of 24 field-shaping coils which surround the vacuum vessel. Control of the magnetic flux linking these coils allows the plasma shape to be varied and controlled. This paper describes the high-speed dc chopper which is a major component of the field-shaping coil power system. The high-speed dc choppers, with a frequency response of up to 5 kHz and a switching power capability of 1.5 megawatts are used for fine tuning and feedback control of the plasma position and shape. The design and operation of two 1.5 megawatt, 3 kHz choppers used on closed loop plasma control experiments will be presented.
1-GWh diurnal load-leveling Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage system reference design
A point reference design has been completed for a 1-GWh Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage system. The system is for electric utility diurnal load-leveling but can also function to meet much faster power demands including dynamic stabilization. This study explores several concepts of design not previously considered in the same detail as treated here. Because the study is for a point design, optimization in all respects is not complete. This report examines aspects of the coil, the superconductor supported off of the dewar shell, the dewar shell, and its configuration and stresses, the underground excavation and construction for holding the superconducting coil and its dewar, the helium refrigeration system, the electrical converter system, the vacuum system, the guard coil, and the costs. This report is divided into two major portions. The first is a general treatment of the work and the second is seven detailed technical appendices issued as separate reports. The information presented on the aluminum stabilizer for the conductor, on the excavation, and on the converter is based upon industrial studies contracted for this work.
1-GWh diurnal load-leveling superconducting magnetic energy storage system reference design. Appendix A: energy storage coil and superconductor
The technical aspects of a 1-GWh Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) coil for use as a diurnal load-leveling device in an electric utility system are presented. The superconductor for the coil is analyzed, and costs for the entire coil are developed.
1-GWh diurnal load-leveling superconducting magnetic energy storage system reference design. Appendix B: cost study, high-purity aluminum production
Cost information is supplied for aluminum with purities of 200, 2000, and 5000 residual resistivity ratio. Two production situations were used for each purity: (1) 1 x 10/sup 6/ kg/yr production rate with a 30-yr sustaining market and (2) 1 x 10/sup 6/ kg/yr production rate for 2 yrs only. These productions and purities are of interest for manufacturing devices for Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage. The cost study results are presented as a range and include (1) the selling price of the aluminum for each case, (2) the cost of facilities including construction, engineering, and related costs, (3) the cost of money and depreciation (interest/amortization), and (4) the energy costs - the total of power and fuel. The range is affected by possible production variations and other uncertainties. Information is also given on plant location options and the preferred feed to the purification facility (with ore source effects).
1-GWh diurnal load-leveling superconducting magnetic energy storage system reference design. Appendix C: dewar and structural support
The mechanical aspects of the dewar to contain a 1-GWh superconducting coil in a 1.8 K helium bath and the means for supporting the coil and dewar against the rock of an underground excavation created for just that purpose are presented.
1-GWh diurnal load-leveling superconducting magnetic energy storage system reference design. Appendix D: superconductive magnetic energy storage cavern construction methods and costs
The excavation and preparation of an underground cavern to contain a 1-GWh diurnal load-leveling Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit is examined. The cavern's principal function is to provide a rock structure for supporting the magnetic forces from the charged storage coil. Certain economic considerations indicate the refrigerator cold box for the helium system should also be underground. The study includes such a provision and considers, among other things, rock bolting, water seepage, concrete lining of the walls, steel bearing pads, a system to prevent freezing of the walls, a mining schedule, and costs.
1-GWh diurnal load-leveling superconducting magnetic energy storage system reference design. Appendix F. 1-GWh electrical system design
Two circuit configurations for reducing the installed converter power and cost of high-power converter systems that operate in a constant-power mode over a wide current and voltage range are suggested and analyzed.
S-1 project. Volume I. Architecture. 1979 annual report
The US Navy is one of the world's largest users of digital computing equipment having a procurement cost of at least $50,000, and is the single largest such computer customer in the Department of Defense. Its projected acquisition plan for embedded computer systems during the first half of the 80s contemplates the installation of over 10,000 such systems at an estimated cost of several billions of dollars. This expenditure, though large, is dwarfed by the 85 billion dollars which DOD is projected to spend during the next half-decade on computer software, the near-majority of which will be spent by the Navy; the life-cycle costs of the 700,000+ lines of software for a single large Navy weapons systems application (e.g., AEGIS) have been conservatively estimated at most of a billion dollars. The S-1 Project is dedicated to realizing potentially large improvements in the efficiency with which such very large sums may be spent, so that greater military effectiveness may be secured earlier, and with smaller expenditures. The fundamental objectives of the S-1 Project's work are first to enable the Navy to be able to quickly, reliably and inexpensively evaluate at any time what is available from the state-of-the-art in digital processing systems and what the relevance of such systems may be to Navy data processing applications: and second to provide reference prototype systems to support possible competitive procurement action leading to deployment of such systems.
S-1 project. Volume II. Hardware. 1979 annual report
This volume includes highlights of the design of the Mark IIA uniprocessor (SMI-2), and the SCALD II user's manual. SCALD (structured computer-aided logic design system) cuts the cost and time required to design logic by letting the logic designer express ideas as naturally as possible, and by eliminating as many errors as possible - through consistency checking, simulation, and timing verification - before the hardware is built. (GHT)
1 to 12 GeV/c beam transport for transverse or longitudinally polarized protons
A two-stage beam transport for polarized protons has been constructed and operated at the Argonne ZGS. The first stage delivers vertically polarized protons (N-type) to an elastic scattering polarimeter consisting of a 10 cm long LH/sub 2/ target and two moveable sets of forward and recoil scintillation counters. The unscattered protons transported through the beam's second stage are focused onto the polarized proton target PPT-III; this target utilizes a 2.5 T R and A magnet to produce target polarizations in the horizontal plane, either in the beam direction (L-type) or transverse to it (S-type). The second stage of the beam is equipped with a combination of superconducting solenoids and dipole magnets; thus the beam polarization can also be rotated to point in the L or S direction. The entire system has been operated successfully over the momentum range 1.0 to 11.75 GeV/c with NS, LS, SS, and LL beam target spin directions.
2 meg-ampere prototype levitated coil for multipole fusion
The coils major diameter is 1.0 meter and it occupies a cross-section which is about 0.2 meter minor in diameter. The prototype coil will carry four times the current of the largest such magnet built to date. As a result, the peak induction in the coil is about 8 T and the stored magnetic energy will be around 3 MJ. The paper describes the proposed Nb/sub 3/SN superconductor, the quench protection system which is based on the LBL shorted secondary concept, the isochroic refrigeration storage system which stores about 5 kJ of refrigeration between 4.5/sup 0/K and 7/sup 0/K, and the persistent switch.
10. 6. mu. m damage threshold measurements on sub-one-hundred-ps pyroelectric detectors
Sub-one-hundred-ps response time pyroelectric detectors are being developed at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) to be compatible with the 5-GHz oscilloscope direst-access mode of operation without damage. Strontium barium niobate, lithium tantalate, lanthanum-doped lead zirconate, and lithium niobate are being evaluated for use in the edge and coplanar configurations. Devices designed at LASL are compared with commercially available detectors. Test results of a less than 15-ps risetime, 31-ps fall time 50/50 SBN pyroelectric detector are reported. Measurements to date of the damage threshold at 10.6 ..mu..m of the above materials in bulk, with various surface treatments, and in devices using 100-ps to 100-..mu..s pulses are also reported.
10-MWe solar-thermal central-receiver pilot plant: collector subsystem foundation construction. Revision No. 1
Bid documents are provided for the construction of the collector subsystem foundation of the Barstow Solar Pilot Plant, including invitation to bid, bid form, representations and certifications, construction contract, and labor standards provisions of the Davis-Bacon Act. Instructions to bidders, general provisions and general conditions are included. Technical specifications are provided for the construction. (LEW)
10-MWe solar-thermal central-receiver pilot plant. Operating and maintenance manual
Information required to perform the initial program loading and operation of the Heliostat Array Controller (HAC) is provided. Operating activities are described as required for heliostat control. All computer console command steps, from power up to power down are described. Detailed steps are provided to wake up the system and direct heliostat beams to standby, on target, standby to stow and power down. Maintenance requirements (preventive and corrective), reparability (reparable - non-reparable decisions), spares identification, spares storage location, replacement levels, replacement location and repair location are established. Individual system breakdown block diagrams are provided for each system/assembly/subassembly. Maintenance and repair description sheets are provided for each maintenance significant item. The manual provides support of the following equipment: (a) helostat assembly; (b) heliostat control assembly; and (c) maintenance and installation equipment. The safety requirements for the operating and maintenance functions are established. These procedures will assist in eliminating or controlling the accident potentials caused by human error, environment, or component malfunctions or interactions that could result in major injury or fatality to operating or visiting personnel, or damage to subsystem components or support equipment. These procedures are for normal and test operating conditions and emergency situations, and apply to all Martin Marietta Corporation, governmental, operating and visitor personnel. (LEW)
10-MWe solar-thermal central-receiver pilot plant. Phase II. Planning
The various considerations related to the Phase II schedules, material control and personnel training required to effectively implement the program are presented. The flow charts and schedules required to accomplish fabrication, installation, checkout, and personnel training to support the Pilot Plant schedule are identified. The planning addresses receiving, storage and shipment of raw materials, subassemblies, component, subsystems, and complete assemblies. The vendor activities and the major Martin Marietta facilities are included. These are the Mirror Assembly activities at Pueblo, Colorado and the heliostat assembly and installation activities at the Barstow-Daggett Airport and the solar plant. (LEW)
12. 5 MHz heavy ion linac for ion beam fusion
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is currently developing the injector of a heavy ion beam driver for the inertial confinement fusion program. The first phase of the program is to accelerate about 20 mA of Xe/sup +1/ from a 1.5 MV preaccelerator 11.4 MeV in a low-beta RF linac. The first section of the linac utilizes a single harmonic buncher and independently-phased short linac resonators with a FODO magnetic quadrupole focusing lattice. These are followed by two double-stub Wideroee linacs. A layout of the linac up to 6.4 MeV is shown. The operating parameters of the low-beta linac are given. This paper gives details of the low-beta linac design and results of low power measurements on the first accelerating cavity.
N-13 Ammonia for the Noninvasive Evaluation of Myocardial Blood Flow by Positron Emission Computed Tomography
The kinetics and characteristics of nitrogen-13 labelled ammonia as an indicator of blood flow in the myocardium were evaluated in open-chest dogs. Its utility as an imaging agent was tested in animals and man. (PSB)
24-MW neutral-beam injector of 400-keV H/sup 0/
The negative and positive ion systems have both common goals and common problems. In fact, we have identified five items that must be developed before any large, neutral-beam injector, operating continuously or almost so, can be engineered. The five items are: (1) a continuous or almost continuous ion source, with 1A designating a source of positive ions and 1B a direct extraction source of negatives, (2) a recirculating metal-vapor cell, (3) a computer code with which to calculate beam trajectories in three dimensions, (4) a resistive coating to bleed stray charges from the surface of high-voltage vacuum insulators, and (5) an arc suppression technique for large systems. These items are discussed and it is shown how their development is prerequisite to the design of a 24-MW, 400-keV neutral hydrogen injector such as might be required for a fusion power reactor.
30. mu. A beam toroid
A standard commercial toroid modified to operate in the zero flux mode has been applied to the monitoring of the 750 keV polarized proton beam at the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS). The beam parameters are: rise time - 3 ms, pulse width - 15 ms, current - 30 ..mu..A. This beam produces a free space flux of H = 8.2 x 10/sup -7/ oersted at the toroidal core radius. The device has a threshold of 10 ..mu..A as determined by system noise and operates with a bandpass of 10 Hz to 2.5 kHz. Ambient electromagnetic interference, predominately 30 Hz, 60 Hz and 200 MHz, was attenuated by use of a cylindrical zero gauss chamber. The addition of the magnetic shield introduced a sensitivity to mechanical vibration which was cured by isolation and stiffening.
33-GVA interrupter test facility
The use of commercial ac circuit breakers for dc switching operations requires that they be evaluated to determine their dc limitations. Two 2.4-GVA facilities have been constructed and used for this purpose at LASL during the last several years. In response to the increased demand on switching technology, a 33-GVA facility has been constructed. Novel features incorporated into this facility include (1) separate capacitive and cryogenic inductive energy storage systems, (2) fiber-optic controls and optically-coupled data links, and (3) digital data acquisition systems. Facility details and planned tests on an experimental rod-array vacuum interrupter are presented.
42-inch diameter producer stream gas clean-up system mathematical model
The purpose of this work is to develop a computer simulation program that will expedite the development and aid in the optimization and scale-up of the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) low-Btu coal gasifier system. The gasifier system includes the METC low-Btu fixed-bed gasifier and the producer gas clean-up system. The producer Gas Clean-Up System Simulation Program, the subject of this report, develops the mathematical models and computational procedures for the material balance calculation around each of the seven major process units that constitute the METC producer gas clean-up system: gas cyclone, humidifier, electrostatic precipitator, hydrolysis unit, direct cooler, Stretford process, and final wash tower.
50,000 mile methanol/gasoline blend fleet study: a progress report
Seven current production automobiles are being used in a fleet study to obtain operational experience in using 10% methanol/90% gasoline blends as an automotive fuel. Data from chassis dynamometer tests (run according to the 1975--1978 Federal test procedure) have been obtained, showing fuel economy and exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, unburned fuel, methanol, and aldehydes. These data are shown for each of the vehicles when operated on the 10% methanol blend, and on unleaded low octane Indolene. Chassis dynamometer tests were run at 5,000-mile intervals during the 35,000 miles accumulated on each of the four 1977 model-year vehicles and at 5,000 and 10,000 mile accumulation levels for each of the three 1978 model-year vehicles. These data show an average decrease in volumetric fuel economy (approx. = 5%) and a reduction in carbon monoxide emissions associated with the use of the 10% methanol blend. Exhaust emission deterioration factors are projected from the Federal test procedure urban cycle data. The most severe driveability problems that have been encountered thus far into the program are related to operating on a phase separated fuel and materials compatibility problems with an elastomer in the air-fuel control hardware of one vehicle.
50 kW on-site concentrating solar photovoltaic power system. Phase I: design. Final report, 1 June 1978-28 February 1979
This contract is part of a three phase program to design, fabricate, and operate a solar photovoltaic electric power system with concentrating optics. The system will be located beside a Local Operating Headquarters of the Georgia Power Company in Atlanta, Georgia and will provide part of the power for the on-site load. Fresnel lens concentrators will be used in 2-axis tracking arrays to focus solar energy onto silicon solar cells producing a peak power output of 56 kW. The present contract covers Phase I which has as its objective the complete design of the system and necessary subsystems.
50 kWp Photovoltaic Concentrator Application Experiment, Phase I. Final report, 1 June 1978-28 February 1979
This program consists of a design study and component development for an experimental 50-kWp photovoltaic concentrator system to supply power to the San Ramon substation of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. The photovoltaic system is optimized to produce peaking power to relieve the air conditioning load on the PG and E system during summer afternoons; and would therefore displace oil-fired power generation capacity. No electrical storage is required. The experiment would use GaAs concentrator cells with point-focus fresnel lenses operating at 400X, in independent tracking arrays of 440 cells each, generating 3.8 kWp. Fourteen arrays, each 9 feet by 33 feet, are connected electrically in series to generate the 50 kWp. The high conversion efficiency possible with GaAs concentrator cells results in a projected annual average system efficiency (AC electric power output to sunlight input) of better than 15%. The capability of GaAs cells for high temperature operation made possible the design of a total energy option, whereby thermal power from selected arrays could be used to heat and cool the control center for the installation. System design and analysis, fabrication and installation, environmental assessment, and cost projections are described in detail. (WHK)
60 GHz and 110 GHz development program. Quarterly report No. 2, October-December 1979
The objective of this program has been changed from developing a microwave amplifier or oscillator capable of producing 200 kW cw power output at 110 GHz to developing families of microwave oscillators capable of producing 200 kW of peak power output at 60 GHz and some higher frequency, possibly 90 GHz or 110 GHz, with pulse durations at 100 ms, 30 s and cw. The use of cyclotron resonance interaction is being pursued. The early design phases of this program are discussed.
100-kW/sub e/ Nuclear space electric power source
The current 100-kW/sub e/ space nuclear power technology program could provide an electric power source for nuclear electric propulsion. The power plant is relatively compact, light weight, and has the advantages of long life and immunity to degradation while passing through the Van Allen belts. The reactor is a unique design using heat pipes to transfer heat from the reactor core to the thermoelectric converters. The converters are an improved design over those used in the radioisotope space program. The radiator, used to eliminate waste heat to space, also makes use of heat pipes. All single failure points have been eliminated from the power plant design and redundancies are provided to ensure high reliability. The power plant configuration and some key results of the current component experimental program are discussed.
300-kJ, 200-kA Marx module for Antares
Antares is a 100-kJ CO/sub 2/ laser driver for inertial confinement fusion experiments. The power amplification stage is pumped by an electron-beam-controlled gas discharge. There are 24 annular discharge regions, each requiring energy input of 250 kJ at 550 kV, in a 2-used pulse. The energy storage module chosen for this system is a single-mesh pulse-forming network. To provide sufficient energy margin each module stores 300 kJ. A prototype 300-kJ Marx has been built and tested at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. This has been used as a test bed for components, triggering, and instrumentation.
400 MWe commercial OTEC plants: review of reports by Gibbs and Cox, Inc. , Lockheed Missile and Space Corporation, M. Rosenblatt and Sons
The Department of Energy contracted with Gibbs and Cox, M. Rosenblatt and Son and Lockheed Missile and Space Corporation to prepare conceptual designs, cost estimates and analyses for a 400 MWe OTEC Commercial Size platform. Each contractor was directed to investigate two predetermined hull configurations and to relate them to one operating site, selected by DOE. A total of 6 designs, covering sphere, spar, ship and semisubmersibles were studied by the three contractors. The results of their investigations were presented by DOE in Washington on May 8, 1978. The presentations showed that whereas a considerable data base has been built, no clear conclusions had emerged with respect to the direction that future design of the commercial platform should take. JJMA has been directed by Value Engineering on behalf of DOE to review the conceptual designs and the accompanying data base prepared by the three contractors. The intent of this review is to propose to DOE the answers to the following questions, based on the results of studies by the three contractors: (1) If DOE were to build a 400 MW OTEC plant, starting now, what should they build. (2) What are the reasons for the decisions. (3) What would it cost. Results are detailed.
500 kV mercury accelerator
The objective of building a low-cost pre-accelerator for low energy heavy ion particle accelerator was realized by using standard, readily available material and hardware. Some savings were obtained in the construction of the dome by avoiding welding, expensive metal spinnings and unnecessary corona rings. Larger monetary economies were realized by unique approach to building the high voltage column utilizing a glass tube.
500 kW direct contact pilot plant for East Mesa
A 500 kW powerplant utilizing a direct contact heat exchanger (DCHX) between the geothermal brine and the isobutane working fluid is nearing completion at the East Mesa Component Test Facility. The primary purpose of the plant is to evaluate the performance potential of the direct contact system in a size much larger than the small exploratory units that have been tested to date. Thermodynamic performance of DCHX binary power systems has been demonstrated in small 10 kW research test rigs (Refs. 1, 2, and 3), however, characteristics that affect the economics and practicality of long term operation need to be evaluated. Three factors influencing plant performance and cost are: (1) the control of noncondensables that contaminate the power cycle condenser, (2) the equipment required to limit working fluid losses, and (3) the control of scaling or performance robbing deposits in critical components. These factors are not unrelated and control of one often impacts control of the other two. Operating data and research with the 500 kW pilot plant should demonstrate a solution to all three of these factors and provide design guidelines for larger plants.
500-MeV electron beam bench-mark experiments and calculations
Experiments measuring the energy deposited by electron beams were performed to provide bench marks against which to evaluate our HANDYL76 electron beam computer code. The experiments, done at Stanford's Mk III accelerator, measured dose vs depth and dose vs radius profiles induced in layered aluminum targets by 500-MeV electrons. The dose was measured by passive thermoluminescence and photographic film placed between aluminum plates. The calculations predict a dose vs radius profile that forward-peaks on axis after the beam passes through a 200-cm air gap; the experimental measurements do not show this peak. This discrepancy indicates there may be a problem in using HANDYL76 to calculate deep penetration of a target with a large gap.
E-537 MWPC amplifier
The design of a fast MWPC amplifier for the beam chambers and the absorber chamber is completed and all parts are on order. A prototype 16 channel board has been built and satisfactorily tested. Artwork is completed for the board and out to be photographed. The board fabrication contract has been let. Listed below is a summary of the amplifier characteristics as well as test results obtained with the prototype.
700, 100, and 20 hp combustion test facilities. Quarterly activity report, July 2, 1979-September 30, 1979, third quarter. [Coal-oil slurry combustion as retrofit]
Objective of the DOE/PETC 700 H.P. Combustion Test Facility (CTF) is to show the feasibility of coal-oil slurry combustion as a retrofit technology. The coal-oil mixture (COM) parametric combustion test program in the CTF was completed successfully for 30, 40, and 50% coal-oil concentrations; plugging in the nozzles at 50% COM and burner nozzle wear were among the problems. Progress on the 100 and 20 H.P. units is also reported. (DLC)
800-MeV spin precessor for polarized H/sup -/ beams using H/sup -/ to H/sup 0/ stripping
A new method is described for precessing the proton polarization axis of the incident H/sup -/ polarized beam at LAMPF. The method uses a thin stripper to convert H/sup -/ to H/sup 0/ with approx. 50% efficiency at 800 MeV, and uses relatively small magnets to precess the H/sup 0/ spin. The large magnetic moment of the H/sup 0/ relative to the charged ion (either H/sup +/ or H/sup -/) allows small magnets to produce any required spin orientation (with zero deflection of the neutral beam in the precession apparatus). Either H/sup 0/ or H/sup +/ beam is delivered; for H/sup 0/, the magnitude of the proton polarization oscillates in proper time at the hyperfine frequency. The theory and test results will be summarized. Areas of possible application will be mentioned, including use for experiments and spin axis control where neutral beams can be used for injection of accelerated H/sup -/ beams into storage rings or synchrotrons.
1000-kVA arc power supply
Because of ever-increasing power demands for the development of the Oak Ridge duoPIGatron ion source, a continuous-duty arc power supply was constructed for the Medium Energy Test Facility (METF) to furnish power for the plasma generator of experimental ion sources. The power supply utilizes 12-pulse rectification with half-wave switching in a delta and wye full-wave bridge that may be connected in series or parallel. It will deliver 340 V dc, 2500 A to an ion source when series connected and 170 V dc, 5000 A when paralleled connected. Silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) in each rectifier bridge can be switched for pulses as short as 10 ms through continuous duty. The filter section that reduces the ripple in the output consists of an inductor-to-capacitor (L-C) filter to smooth the 720-Hz pulses. The power transformer serves as an isolation transformer allowing the secondary to be elevated to the accelerating potential of the ion source. The dc output level is controlled with a 1000-kVA auto transformer connected to the primary of the power transformer. All elevated voltages and currents are monitored at ground potential with an optical telemetry system. This paper describes the power supply in detail, including block diagrams, component specifications, and waveforms when supplying power to an ion source.
1978 annual report, INEL geothermal environmental program
The objective of the Raft River Geothermal Environmental Program, in its fifth year, is to characterize the beneficial and detrimental impacts resulting from the development of moderate-temperature geothermal resources in the valley. This report summarizes the monitoring and research efforts conducted as part of this program in 1978. The results of these monitoring programs will be used to determine the mitigation efforts required to reduce long-term impacts resulting from geothermal development.
1978 herbaceous production study
Herbaceous productivity studies on the Geokinetics Oil Shale Project Research site in Uintah County, Utah were begun during the summer of 1978. These studies were designed to assess the amount of biomass produced by herbaceous vegetation in each of the vegetation types occurring on the site. Measurements were made in each of the control and treatment plots established for these types. The results given in this report are those obtained from the analysis of data collected during 1978. The chief objective of the herbaceous productivity study is to determine the amount of herbaceous biomass that is potentially available for use by herbivores on the LOFRECO site. As such, these studies are an intergral part of determining the carrying capacity of the site. The data collected from the 1978 study will be used together with other ecological information to provide a functional description of the site. Of particular importance in this synthesis are the data obtained from shrub utilization studies, phytosociological data, and the quantitative descriptions of the physical environment derived from ecoclimatic measurements. Herbaceous productivity will be monitored during the pre and post disturbance phases of the research site development.
1979 breeding bird censuses and summary of 1977-1979 results
As part of a program to characterize the plant and animal life of the Laboratory site and the surrounding region, the two breeding bird censuses originated in 1977 were continued in 1979. Twelve census trips were made to the BNL plot and 10 to the Westhampton plot by seven volunteer observers. Comparisons of data from the three years showed that the number of territorial males on the BNL plot did not change significantly, but the number of breeding species showed a continuous decline, from 18 to 10. Little change in the number of territorial males or in species composition occurred in the Westhampton plot.
1979 CECAM workshop on transport of fast electrons in laser fusion plasmas. Progress report
Attention is given to three problem areas in laser-driven electron transport: (1) ion-acoustic turbulence as a source of inhibition, (2) the effects of anti E times anti j heating of the thermals, and (3) the possibility of thermal inhibition by thermal electron runaway or trapping.
1979 New Mexico legislative session: energy issues and legislation. [WIPP]
This report is an account of the energy legislation and associated issues considered during the 1979 session of the 34th New Mexico Legislature. The session's major issue was the federal study of a proposed nuclear Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico. A large proportion of time and effort was spent on resolving the state's formal position toward the federal project. However, other energy concerns were also significant even though they were neither as controversial nor as visible as the primary issue. The two most important laws enacted were the Radioactive Waste Consultation Act and the Radioactive Waste Transportation Act. The Legislature considered 47 other energy-related bills, of which 17 were enacted.
1979 SIGNUM Meeting on Numerical Ordinary Differential Equations. [University Inn, Champaign, IL, April 3-5, 1979]
This report gives a summary of the papers presented at the meeting. It consists of all working papers distributed at the conference and all working papers received too late for distribution. In addition, abstracts and/or summaries are included where practical for those talks and workshop sessions that did not generate papers. This document should be a useful reference to very current research in ODEs. These papers are preliminary versions of papers that will be submitted for publication. One paper in this volume has been cited in ERA, and can be located by reference to the entry CONF-790403-- in the Report Number Index.
1985 Oil Production of 21 Oil Producing Non-OPEC Countries
This report assesses the possibility of increased oil production from 21 less developed non-OPEC countries (excluding the Middle East and Mexico) by 1985. The forecast is compared with those prepared by the World Bank, the International Energy Agency, and others. The 21 Latin American, African, and Far East (including Asia) countries produce 2.5 million barrels of oil per day (BD) or 4.2% of world production, and they have 21 billion barrels of proved reserves, or 3.2% of the world total. In recent years these countries have consumed 3.1 million BD, some 0.9 million barrels in excess of their production. By 1985, the 21 countries may produce 3.9 million BD, an average annual increase of 5.0%; however, demand is expected to increase at an annual rate of 3.5% to 4.4 million BD. The net effect is that the 1985 aggregated supply-demand balance will be in deficit, by nearly 560 thousand BD, compared to slightly more than 930 thousand BD in 1976.
20th Annual Report
The ACIR Library is composed of publications that study the interactions between different levels of government. This document is an annual report.
2200/sup 0/C fuel centerline thermocouples for the LOFT program
The technology as well as commercial suppliers have been developed for high temperature thermocouples for the Loss-of-Fluid-Test (LOFT) program. Two types of thermocouples were developed and tested. Model B units contained a 1/16-inch OD 24-inch long Mo/Re sheath probe and were capable of temperature measurement to 1550/sup 0/C. Model A units contained a 1/16-inch OD 41-inch long W/Re-augmented sheath probe and were capable of temperature measurement to 2200/sup 0/C.
2s 2p /Sup 3/P/Sub 1//Sup 0/. --≫. 2s/Sup 2/ /Sup 1/S/Sub 0/ Intercombination Line in Beryllium-Like Krypton, Molybdenum and Tungsten
Transition probabilities are evaluated for the 2s 2p /sup 3/P/sub 1//sup 0/ ..-->.. 2s/sup 2/ /sup 1/S/sub 0/ transition in beryllium-like ions for krypton, molybdenum and tungsten, using configuration-interaction wavefunctions. The importance of the 2s 3p /sup 1/P/sub 1//sup 0/ configuration is considered.
3000 MW(t) HTGR - gas turbine non-intercoolel. Technical evaluation report
This report summarizes all the technical work performed on the 3000-MW(t) 3-loop High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Gas Turbine design as of June 1979. Although the plant configuration has changed to a 2000-MW(t) 2-loop plant, most of the technical assessments described in this report are still applicable to the 2000-MW(t) plant. The report covers the criteria under which the plant was designed, the technical feasibility problems associated with the plant and their potential solutions, and other potential applications and improvements which could make the gas turbine concept more attractive economically.
3rd annual biomass energy systems conference
The main objectives of the 3rd Annual Biomass Energy Systems Conference were (1) to review the latest research findings in the clean fuels from biomass field, (2) to summarize the present engineering and economic status of Biomass Energy Systems, (3) to encourage interaction and information exchange among people working or interested in the field, and (4) to identify and discuss existing problems relating to ongoing research and explore opportunities for future research. Abstracts for each paper presented were edited separately. (DC)
Abbreviated Machining Schedule for Fabricating Beryllium Parts Free of Surface Damage.
This report addresses a study that was performed to develop a more economical method of machining damage-free beryllium components at Rocky Flats
Abbreviated RD and D program portfolio selection workbook
A workbook for implementing an abbreviated version of the RD and D portfolio selection methodology described in A Resource Allocation Methodology for Establishing RD and D Budgetary Priorities is presented. The purpose of the abbreviated methodology is to allow a fast, first-cut analysis of a set of programs and to provide a means of discovering important issues that deserve more detailed analysis. The use of the abbreviated methodology in the overall process of evaluating RD and D programs is outlined. The effect of the program on a process is represented by the process model. Those process cost and performance characteristics that are important to the market for an energy product are described. The product cost model takes the cost and performance characteristics and the feedstock price and calculates the cost of producing a unit of energy using the technology in question. The market model takes this cost, the demand for the energy product, and the characteristics of alternative sources of the same product, and specifies the market share captured by the new technology. From this point it is relatively straightforward to infer the impacts of the new technology on the energy system. The benefit model evaluates the impacts in a consistent way, given the cost of the Federal support.
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