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- 11,400 KW Nuclear Power Plant Employing an Organic Moderated Reactor: Preliminary Description
- Abstract: The preliminary design is described for a small electric-power-generating plant powered by an organic moderated reactor. System and component requirements are discussed and possible design configurations and equipment are described.
- 15 MW Gas-Cooled Closed-Cycle Reactor Power System Study: Final Report, Volumes 1-2
- This report covers a feasibility study for a 15 megawatt gas cooled reactor power system, conducted by the Ford Instrument Company Division of the Sperry Rand Corporation during the months of March to August 1956.
- 20,000 KW Nuclear Power Plant Study for United States Atomic Energy Commission
- Introduction: In September of 156, Gilbert Associates, Inc., entered into a contract with the United States of America, acting through the United States Atomic Energy Commission, for the study and preliminary design of a nuclear power plant being considered for integration into a central station power system at an overseas site.
- 20-MW D₂O-Moderated Experimental Boiling Water Reactor Design Studies
- No Description Available.
- AN 80 MEGAWATT AQUEOUS HOMOGENEOUS BURNER REACTOR. Reactor Design and Feasibility Problem
- An 80 Mw aqueous homogeneous burner reactor suitable for producing 20 Mw of electricity at a remote location is described. The reactor fuel consists of a light water uranyl sulfate solution which acts as its own moderator and coolant. The uranium is highly enriched (93% U/sup 235/). The primary considerstions for the design were simplicity and reliability of the components, automatic demand control and safe for any load change, full xenon override not required, possibility of construction within the immediate future, and economic operation not the cortrolling factor. Reasonably complete studies are presented for the reactor physics, safety, stability, chemistry, hent transfer, and operation of the system. (auth)
- 100-B Area flow analysis
- Results of experimental programs indicate that it might be desirable in the future to modify the existing reactors by replacing the aluminum process tubes with tubes made of a zirconium alloy. The zirconium tubes would be more corrosion resistant than the aluminum ones and would also be stronger at higher temperatures. These new tubes would have the same outer diameter as the present tubes (for ease of handling and in order to provide adequate graphite cooling) but would have a thinner wall (since zirconium alloy is both stronger and more expensive than aluminum). The inner diameter of the new tubes would, therefore, be greater than in the present tubes. In addition to the tube change, it might also be desirable to replace the existing solid fuel elements with those known as ``I&E`` alements. These pieces would be similar to the present elements except for a longitudinal hole which would allow the passage of cooling vater through the center. The element would then be Internally and Externally cooled, and would have a more uniform temperature distribution. The combination of the larger tube inside diameter and the central hole in the fuel element would result in reduced friction loss for the reactor cooling water with a resulting increase in flaw. The 100-B process water system was chosen arbitrarily for analysis and this analysis vas undertaken to determine if the process water system would be capable of providing the additional flow required by the modification.
- 183 B-C cross tie justification and scope
- After the present solid slugs are replaced with the new I&E elements` in the 105-B reactor, the friction loss for the reactor cooling water will be decreased with a resulting opportunity for increase in flow through the reactor. The amount that this flow could be increased is limited by the capacity of the B water plant as well as the reactor itself. It is possible that there will be a shortage of filtered water at 183-B during the critical periods of each year. To overcome this possible shortage of water it has been proposed to construct a thirty inch tie line from the 183-C reservoir to the 183-B clear-well to supply filtered water to 183-B by gravity flow from 183-C. This report presents justification and the scope of this project.
- Abnormal grain growth in M-252 and S-816 alloys
- Report discussing an experimental investigation was carried out on air- and vacuum-melted M-252 and S-816 alloys to find conditions of heating and hot-working which resulted in abnormal grain growth. The experiments were mainly limited to normal conditions of heating for hot-working and heat treatment and normal temperatures of solution treatment were used to allow grain growth after susceptibility to abnormal grain growth was developed by various experimental conditions. Results indicated that small reductions of essentially strain-free metal were the basic cause of such grain growth.
- Abnormal grain growth in nickel-base heat-resistant alloys
- From Introduction: "The data included in this report for Nimonic 80A alloy, for instance, represent experiments carried out to help clarify a production problem of grain-size control in an alloy which has been extensively used. The general procedure of the investigation was to carry out controlled laboratory experiments on samples of bar stock to find conditions of heating and hot-working which resulted in abnormal grain growth."
- An Abrasive Cutoff Machine for Metallurgical Research on Radioactive Materials
- An abrasive cutoff machine design, based upon a previous model, (1) was undertaken to provide for the sampling of radioactive material. the design objective was; first, to provide samples for metallographic examination, second, to provide samples for physical and mechanical property testing, and, third, to meet the following design requirements: 1. Remote operation. 2. Airborne contamination control. 3. Radioactive waste collection. 4. Remote maintenance.
- The Absolute Abundance of the Nitrogen Isotopes in the Atmosphere and Compressed Gas From Various Sources
- No Description Available.
- Accelerations in fighter-airplane crashes
- From Introduction: "This report describes some measurements of these quantities obtained by crashing fighter aircraft under circumstances approximating those observed in service."
- ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING CRITERIA FOR THE CONSUMER
- No Description Available.
- Accident in Continuous-Dissolver Pilot Plant of Fluoride Volatility Project on May 15, 1957
- A series of explosions, estimated at five, occurred over a period of ten seconds within the continuous dissolver pilot plant, of the Fluoride Volatility Project on May 15, 1957. The explosive reactions occurred in the dissolver vessels as a result of violent chemical reactions between uranium and an interhalogen mixture. Just what the conditions were which triggered the explosions, have not been definitely established. Nevertheless, based upon the evidence which has been collected, several possible explanations, listed according to probability, are presented. A number of recommendations are included to be followed before operation of the pilot plant is resumed. These recommendations relate to additional laboratory research, equipment design, facility design, and use of a review committee. Safety rules for handling BrF/ sub 3/, BrF/sub 5/, ClF/sub 3/, and Br/sub 2/ are appended. (C.H.)
- Accident in Continuous-Dissolver Pilot Plant of Fluoride Volatility Project on May 15, 1957
- The so-called Fluoride Volatility Processes refer to several proposed non-aqueous methods of processing irradiated fuel elements. In each of these methods, the uranium is fluorinated to UF6 and then decontaminated by distillation. One of those methods, involving the direct fluorination of the uranium by bromine trifluoride (BTF), has been under investigation at BNL since 1950. In 1952, it was demonstrated at BNL that uranium, as UF6, could be satisfactorily decontaminated by distillation in small-scale pilot plant equipment; end in 1953, BNL undertook the job of determining the technical feasibility of a continuous dissolver on a pilot-plant scale. The reason for the project was that the economic superiority of the process seemed to depend upon its amenability to continuous operation.
- Accidents from explosives at metal and nonmetallic mines
- Circular produced by the U.S. Bureau of Mines to promote safety through a series of reports on accident prevention in mines. According the the scope statement, "This is the fourth section of the revised series of circulars that cover various phases of accident prevention in metal and nonmetallic mines; it give information on accidents and injuries from storing, handling, and using explosive in metal and nonmetallic mines and discusses the precautions by which they can be prevented" (p. 2).
- Accurate Weighing With the Microchemical Balance
- No Description Available.
- Acid Formation in the Radiolysis of Phosphorus Esters
- The radiolytic decomposition of tributyl phosphate has been show by burr to product gases, acids, and polymers. the acids that are formed can limit the usefulness of tributyl phosphate for the processing of radioactive materials. The study of acid formation on radiolysis therefor becomes important to us for the understanding of the mechanism of acid formation, the influence of added materials and the effect of the structure of organo- phosphorous compounds. Samples of purified esters have been irradiated in the ORNL cobalt source. Conclusions: (1) The formation of acid from tributyl phosphate during irradiation with cobalt gamma rays involves a mechanism that is not a primary step. Evidence has been obtained for a secondary reaction that is minimized by the presence of certain compounds. (2) Toluene acting as an inhibitor for radiolytic formation of acid may indicate the usefulness of an aromatic hydrocarbon diluent in processing. (3) The aromatic hydrocarbon, when phenyl, was not effective when it was part of the molecule. (4) First tests revealed that dibutyl butyl-phosphonate produced less acid the TBP and may warrant further consideration for process application.
- Action and Emission Spectra of the Luminescence of Green PlantMaterials
- The action and emission spectra of the delayed light emission from Chlorella, Nostoc, and spinach chloroplasts have been measured. The action spectra for Chlorella and for spinach chloroplasts are quite similar to the absorption spectra of these materials. The action spectrum for Nostoc, on the other hand, shows a relatively low activity for chlorophyll and carotenoids and a high activity for phycocyanin. The emission spectra of these materials demonstrates that the luminescence is the result of a transition between the first excited singlet state and the ground state of chlorophyll. Low-temperature studies suggest that the triplet state of chlorophyll is not involved at all in the luminescence of spinach chloroplasts. There is some indication that part of the light emitted from Nostoc is due to a phycocyanin transition.
- ACTIVATION CROSS SECTION OF Na$sup 23$ AROUND 3 KEV
- The activation cross section of sodium in the range from thermal energy through the 3-kev resonance is generally assumed to be given by the one-level BreitWigner formula, the GAMMA /sub gamma / being selected to describe correctly the known thermal absorption cross section. The contribution of this resonance to the resonance activation integral then turns out to be 0.12 barns. This somewhat indirectly inferred value is considerably larger than the value given by Dancoff et al., in an old paper, the latter value being based on experimental work. It is shown in the present memo, that Dancoff's actual measurements are quite consistent with the Breit-Wigner formula and the above mentioned GAMMA /sub gamma /. The discrepancy is a result of Dancoff's transition from the actual measurements to the resonance integral, this transition being based on data that is now obsolete. (auth)
- ACTIVITIES IN LIQUID AND SOLID METAL SYSTEMS. Progress Report for February 1, 1957 to January 31, 1958
- The results of the work on activities is the Ma-- Pb--Bi alloys, solubility of Fe--Ni alloys in Pb, and phase distribution in Fe--Ni-- Pb and Fe-- Ni-- Pb--C systems are briefly summarized. (For preceding period see AECU3385.) (J.E.D.)
- Additional Experiments With Flat-Top Wing- Body Combinations at High Supersonic Speeds
- Memorandum presenting an experimental study of the effects of several variations in configuration geometry on the aerodynamic characteristics of flat-top wing-body combinations. Generally, the configurations consist of one half of a body of revolution mounted beneath a wing of essentially arrow plan form. Results regarding the effect of trailing-edge sweep, effect of the addition of auxiliary bodies, effect of tip-flap deflection, effect of dihedral, effect of leading-edge sweep, effect of fuselage fineness ratio, effect of fuselage profile shape, and static longitudinal stability characteristics are provided.
- Additional facilities to handle PUREX tank farm vapor wastes. Project CG-719
- The liquid high-level radioactive wastes from the separations plant are stored in large underground tanks where radioactive decay of the fission products in storage gives off heat. In the case of the 241-A underground storage tank farm, for Purex wastes, advantage is taken of this heat to self-concentrate the wastes. The present practice is to permit boiling and concentration in the storage tanks. The vapors given off from the boiling wastes are collected in a vapor header and passed through a deentrainment vessel and on to two contact condensers where the vapors are condensed and intermixed with waste cooling water. Samples taken of the waste vapors have shown a considerable amount of cesium{sup 137} present as well as other types of radioactive material carry over from the waste tanks. For this reason the contact condenser effluent is discharged to an underground crib 216-A-8. Underground disposal of the increasing volume of condenser effluent as larger waste volumes are accumulated in the underground tanks presents a critical problem which is further complicated by the desirability to transfer the condensate waste to new disposal facilities near the 200 West area. The intent of this report is to present the scope of the facilities required to reduce the volume of potentially radioactive condensate waste from the 241-A tank farm and to dispose of this waste through supplemental cribbing. An analysis of the 216-A-8 crib capabilities in relation to the projected flows clearly indicates that if other facilities to reduce the contaminated waste stream volume are not provided, an extensive and costly crib system will be required. The economical solution to the problem is to provide surface condensers to permit segregation of the condensed waste vapors from the cooling water, condensate collection and transfer facilities, and a new condensate disposal crib near the 200 West …
- Additional Measurements on the Army Package Power Reactor Zero Power Experiments: ZPE-1 and ZPE-2
- During the course of the ZPE-2 experimental program additional measurements were performed under the Alco Products Research and Development program. Included in this program were the evaluation of various absorber section compositions and reactivity studies designed to facilitate analytical techniques. The results of these measurements are presented. (auth)
- Adsorption of Zirconium-Niobium on Silica Gel
- From abstract: "Adsorption of radioactive zirconium-niobium from uranyl nitrate solutions by silica gel was increased by increasing the temperature and time the solution contacts silica gel, and decreased by "aging" the solutions before contacting the silica gel."
- Amplitude and Phase Functions for the Revised Parameters of the Cambridge Electron Accelerator
- "The phase and amplitude functions describing the betatron oscillations in the synchrotron are calculated using the revised parameters of the Cambridge Electron Accelerator. The results are given numerically and plotted in a graph for one machine period."
- Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic characteristics of a proposed supersonic multijet water-based hydro-ski aircraft with a variable-incidence wing
- From Introduction: "The configuration described in this paper represents one approach to such an airplane and the results of the wind-tunnel and tank evaluations are presented. In the present investigation, the aerodynamic longitudinal characteristics over a Mach number range from 0.6 to 1.97 were obtained."
- Aerodynamic characteristics at Mach number of 4.06 of a typical supersonic airplane model using body and vertical-tail wedges to improve directional stability
- Report presenting an investigation at Mach number 4.06 on a typical supersonic airplane model with a 40 degree sweptback wing. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the effectiveness of using wedges on the body and on the vertical tail to increase the static directional stability. Results regarding the longitudinal characteristics and lateral characteristics are provided.
- Aerodynamic Characteristics of a 0.04956-Scale Model of the Convair TF-102A Airplane at Transonic Speeds, Coord. No. AF-120
- "The basic aerodynamic characteristics of a 0.04956-scale model of the Convair TF-102A airplane with controls undeflected have been determined at Mach numbers from 0.60 to 1.135 for angles of attack up to approximately 22 deg in the Langley 8-foot transonic tunnel. In addition, comparisons have been made with data obtained from a previous investigation of a 0.04956-scale model of the Convair F-102A airplane. The results indicated the TF-102A airplane was longitudinally stable for all conditions tested" (p. 1).
- The aerodynamic characteristics of a body in the two-dimensional flow field of a circular-arc wing at a Mach number of 2.01
- From Introduction: "The present report is concerned with the characteristics of a body in the two-dimensional flow field of a circular-arc wing of rectangular plan form."
- Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Circular Cylinder at Mach Number 6.86 and Angles of Attack Up to 90 Degrees
- "Pressure-distribution and force tests of a circular cylinder have been made in the Langley 11-inch hypersonic tunnel at a Mach number of 6.88, a Reynolds number of 129,000, and angles of attack up to 90 degrees. The results are compared with the hypersonic approximation of Grimminger, Williams, and Young and a simple modification of the Newtonian flow theory. An evaluation of the crossflow theory is made through comparison of present results with available crossflow Mach number drag coefficients" (p. 1).
- Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Model of an Escape Capsule for a Supersonic Bomber-Type Airplane at a Mach Number of 2.49
- Report discussing an investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of a model of an escape capsule with and without stabilizing fins for a supersonic bomber-type airplane. Lift, drag, longitudinal and lateral stability characteristics, and photographs of the capsule model are presented.
- Aerodynamic Characteristics of Missile Configurations With Wings of Low Aspect Ratio for Various Combinations of Forebodies, Afterbodies, and Nose Shapes for Combined Angles of Attack and Sideslip at a Mach Number of 2.01
- "An investigation has been made in the Langley 4-by-4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of a series of missile configurations having low-aspect-ratio wings at a Mach number of 2.01. The effects of wing plan form and size, length-diameter ratio, forebody and afterbody length, boattailed and flared afterbodies, and component force and moment data are presented for combined angles of attack and sideslip to about 28 degrees. No analysis of the data was made in this report" (p. 1).
- Aerodynamic Forces and Moments on a Large Ogive-Cylinder Store at Various Locations Below the Fuselage Center Line of a Swept-Wing Bomber Configuration at a Mach Number of 1.61
- "A supersonic wind-tunnel investigation on store interference has been conducted in the Langley 4- by 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel at a Mach number of 1.61. Forces and moments were measured on a large ogive-cylinder store in the presence of a 45 degree swept-wing-fuselage bomber configuration for a number of store locations below the fuselage center line. Results of the investigation show that large variations of store lift, drag, and pitch occur with changes in store or airplane angle of attack, store vertical location, and store horizontal location" (p. 1).
- Aerodynamic Forces on a Vibrating Unstaggered Cascade
- "The unsteady aerodynamic forces, [based on two-dimensional incompressible flow considerations], are determined for an unstaggered cascade, the blades of which are vibrating in phase in an approach flow parallel to the blades" (p. 1).
- Aerodynamic Heating and Boundary-Layer Transition on a 1/10-Power Nose Shape in Free Flight at Mach Numbers Up to 6.7 and Free-Stream Reynolds Numbers Up To 16 x 10(Exp 6)
- Report presenting testing of a modified 1/10-power nose shape in free flight at Mach numbers up to 6.7. Measured heating rates were presented and compared with calculated values. Results regarding transition and comparison with previous investigations are provided.
- Aerodynamic heating of a thin, unswept, untapered, multiweb, aluminum-alloy wing at Mach numbers up to 2.67 as determined from a free-flight investigation of a rocket-propelled model
- From Introduction: "The heat-transfer data calculated from measured temperatures are compared with values calculated by the theory of Van Driest for a flat plate with laminar and turbulent boundary layers. In addition, the heat-transfer data from the flight tests are compared with data obtained from the Langley Structures Research Division of ground tests of an identical wing at a Mach number approximately equal to 1.99 in the pre-flight jet of the Langley Pilotless Aircraft Research Station at Wallops Island, Va. The stream static pressure is maintained at about 1 atmosphere, the free-stream temperature at about 75^o F, and the stagnation temperature at approximately 500 ^o F (ref.1)."
- Aerodynamic interference of slender wing-tail combinations
- From Introduction: "In the present paper, the emphasis is placed on calculating the variations of total forces and moments with angles of attack and sideslip for a number of slender plane and cruciform wing-tail combinations and for some airplane-type arrangements of a plane wing and a horizontal and vertical tail."
- Aerodynamic load distribution over a 45 degree swept wing having a spoiler-slot-deflector aileron and other spoiler ailerons for Mach numbers from 0.60 to 1.03
- Report discussing an investigation of a 45 degree swept-back-wing-body combination with flap spoiler ailerons, deflector ailerons, and a spoiler-slot-deflector aileron. The pressures were measured from Mach numbers 0.60 to 1.03 and at various angles of attack.
- Aerodynamic Loads on Tails at High Angles of Attack and Sideslip
- "Results are presented for the loads and moments acting on the individual tail surfaces of a body-tail combination over a wide range of angles of attack and sideslip. The effects of forebody length and panel-panel interference on the characteristics are included. It is shown that large nonlinear variations in these loads and moments, which occur at some combinations of angle of attack and sideslip, cannot be predicted by low-angle theory" (p. 1).
- Aerodynamic Performance of Several Techniques for Spike-Position Control of a Blunt-Lip Nose Inlet Having Internal Contraction; Mach Numbers of 0.63 and 1.5 to 2.0
- Memorandum presenting a study to determine locations of pressure sensors for controlling the spike position of a blunt-lip, axisymmetric inlet with internal contraction. The inlet performance was determined at Mach numbers of 0.63 and 1.5 to 2.0 for airflow schedules corresponding to those of a given turbojet engine over a wide range of ambient temperatures. The use of the ratio of a throat static pressure to either a local total or the spike-tip total pressure provided a signal that could set nearly maximum pressure recoveries at Mach numbers of 1.7 to 2.0 and within 6 percent of maximum recovery at Mach 1.5.
- Aerodynamics of Oscillating Control Surfaces at Transonic Speeds
- Memorandum presenting a discussion of oscillating flap-type and all-movable controls with particular emphasis on the aerodynamic forces and moments at transonic speeds. Hinge-moment results from recent wind-tunnel and rocket-powered-model tests are summarized for trailing-edge flap-type controls to illustrate the effects of control hinge-line position and profile shape on one-degree-of-freedom flutter of this type of control.
- Age Determinations of the Rocks of the Batholiths of Baja and Southern California, Sierra Nevada, Idaho, and the Coast Range of Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska
- A report about the ages of the four great batholiths in the western United States.
- Aging Characteristics of Hastelloy B
- Report issued by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory discussing the aging characteristics of the alloy Hastelloy B. Materials, equipment, experimental procedures, and results used to determine the characteristics of the alloy are presented. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.
- An Air-Borne Target Simulator for Use With Scope-Presentation Type Fire-Control Systems
- Report describing the design and flight evaluation of an air-borne target simulator using precomputed relative kinematics for use in tracking studies of fighter aircraft equipped with scope-presentation type fire-control systems. Testing occurred in an F86D airplane equipped with a Hughes E-4 fire-control system. Results regarding relative kinematic programming considerations and restrictions to system evaluation are provided.
- AIRBLAST OVERPRESSURE AND DYNAMIC PRESSURE OVER VARIOUS SURFACES
- Static overpressure and dynamic pressure versus time over surfaces processing different physical properties were measured on two tower shots, 6 and 12. On Shot 12, three surfaces were provided: the natural desert, a water surface consisting of a flooded area, and an asphalt surface. On Shot 6, desert and asphalt areas only were available. There were 123 channels of instrumentation installed for Shot 12, and 24 for Shot 6. From the data, a system of wave-form classification was devised for overpressure and dynamic-pressure- versus-time measurements. Incorporation of this system into data analysios indicates that it is possible for an ideal peak pressure to be identified with a nonideal wave form. Introducing both variables, wave form and peak pressure, into analyses reduces ambiguioties associoated with comparing results of different nuclear tests. The data show the effect of the nature of the surface upon airblast phenomena from a nuclear explosion. The effects of surface conditions upon shock phenomena are made more understandable by a review of temperature computatioons, using shock wave parameters in addition to an analysis based upon the arrioval time of the thermal pulse. A phenomenological discussion of precursor formation is presented, and comparisons are made using data from all known precursor-forming nuclear shots. Two Shot 12 dragforce measurements on the H Beams are presented and discussed. (auth)
- Airborne Radiometric Reconnaissance in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming
- Abstract: A program of airborne radiometric reconnaissance for uranium was conducted in eastern Fremont and western Natrona Counties, in central Wyoming, during the summer and fall of 1954, by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.
- Airborne radiometric survey of upper Michigan and parts of Wisconsin
- A report regarding an airborne radiometric survey of upper Michigan and Parts of Wisconsin
- Airplane Measurements of Atmospheric Turbulence for Altitudes Between 20,000 and 55,000 Feet Over the Western Part of the United States
- Report presenting a sample of data on atmospheric turbulence on Lockheed U-2 airplanes during research flights. The intensity, amount, and extent of atmospheric turbulence observed in the United States is in good agreement with data from England and Western Europe. Results regarding overall gust distribution, intensity of turbulence, percent of rough air, and size of turbulent areas are provided.
- The Alkaline for Treatment of High Radiation Level Aluminum Wastes
- This report talks about the Alkaline method for treatment of high radiation level aluminum waste