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Cattle-Fever Ticks and Methods of Eradication
Revised edition. This bulletin discusses the cattle-fever tick and methods for controlling it. Possible methods include dipping, pasture rotation, and arsenical dips. The life history of the tick is also discussed and instructions for constructing a concrete vat are given.
The Cause of Welding Cracks in Aircraft Steels
The discussion in this article refers to gas welding of thin-walled parts of up to about 3 mm thickness. It was proven that by restricting the sulphur, carbon, and phosphorous content, and by electric-furnace production of the steel, it was possible in a short time to remove this defect. Weld hardness - i.e., martensite formation and hardness of the overheated zone - has no connection with the tendency to weld-crack development. Si, Cr, Mo, or V content has no appreciable effect, while increased manganese content tends to reduce the crack susceptibility.
Celery growing.
A guide to commercial celery-growing, with brief instructions for growing celery in home gardens. Includes descriptions of celery diseases and insect pests.
Chart for critical compressive stress of flat rectangular plates
Report presenting a chart for the coefficient K in the formula for the critical compressive stress for flat rectangular plates compressed in one direction.
Chordwise Load Distribution of a Simple Rectangular Wing
The chordwise distribution theory was taken over from the theory of the infinite wing. Since in this work a series expansion in b/t was used, the computation converges only for large aspect ratios. In this paper a useful approximate solution will be found also for wings with large chord - i.e., small aspect ratio.
Clothes moths.
Describes the life cycle and characteristics of clothes moths, and methods for their control.
Coal-Mine Accidents in the United States, 1937
Report compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines including statistics on fatal and non-fatal accidents in coal mines located in the United States as well as data regarding the various operations (e.g., number of miners employed and average production). The information is organized into tables for comparison and the text draws some overall conclusions in the summary.
Comparison of Three Exit-Area Control Devices on an N.A.C.A. Cowling, Special Report
"Adjustable cowling flaps, an adjustable-length cowling skirt, and a bottom opening with adjustable flap were tested as means of controlling the rate of cooling-air flow through an air-cooled radial-engine cowling. The devices were tested in the NACA 20-foot tunnel on a model wing-nacelle-propeller combination, through an airspeed range of 20 to 80 miles per hour, and with the propeller blade angle set 23 degrees at 0.75 of the tip radius. The resistance of the engine to air flow through the cowling was simulated by a perforated plate" (p. 1).
Consideration of Auxiliary Jet Propulsion for Assisting Take-Off
Report presenting an analysis and simple method to help solve the problem of assisting the take-off of an airplane by means of auxiliary jet propulsion by determining the jet thrust and weight of jet fuel required to provide a desired reduction in take-off distance or increase in pay load or fuel load for a fixed take-off distance. The use of previous experimental work to verify the analysis is also provided.
Constant-Pressure Blowers
"The conventional axial blowers operate on the high-pressure principle. One drawback of this type of blower is the relatively low pressure head, which one attempts to overcome with axial blowers producing very high pressure at a given circumferential speed. The Schicht constant-pressure blower affords pressure ratios considerably higher than those of axial blowers of conventional design with approximately the same efficiency" (p. 1).
Construction of chimneys and fireplaces.
Describes the principles of chimney and fireplace construction. Provides schematics.
Cooperative Grain Marketing by Local Warehouses and Elevators in the Pacific North West
Bulletin discussing about the grain marketing techniques by the local warehouses and elevators in the pacific north west.
Corn culture.
A general guide to growing corn crops in the United States, including selection, land preparation, planting, culture, and insect and disease control.
Corrections on the Thermometer Reading in an Air Stream
A method is described for checking a correction formula, based partly on theoretical considerations, for adiabatic compression and friction in flight tests and determining the value of the constant. It is necessary to apply a threefold correction to each thermometer reading. They are a correction for adiabatic compression, friction and for time lag.
Correlation Index to Aid in Interpreting Crude-Oil Analyses
Report issued by the Bureau of Mines discussing the correlation index used for analyses of crude oils. The correlation index is presented and described in detail. This report includes tables, and illustrations.
Correlation of knocking characteristics of fuels in an engine having a hemispherical combustion chamber
From Summary: "Data are presented to show the effects of inlet-air pressure, inlet-air temperature, and compression ratio on the maximum permissible performance obtained with having a hemispherical-dome combustion chamber. The five aircraft-engine fuels used have octane numbers varying from 90 to 100 plus 2 ml of tetraethyl lead per gallon. The data were obtained on a 5 1/4-inch by 4 3/4-inch liquid-cooled engine operating at 2,500 r.p.m. The compression ratio was varied from 6.0 to 8.9. The inlet-air temperature was varied from 110 to 310 F. For each set of conditions, the inlet-air pressure was increased until audible knock occurred and then reduced 2 inches of mercury before data were recorded."
CORROSION OF THORIUM AND RELATED MATERIALS
No Description Available.
Cottonseed treatment.
Describes the methods of treating cottonseed to prevent disease or decay.
Creep Strength of Stabilized Wrought-Aluminum Alloys
Rohn-type equipment has been mounted on rubber blocks, for the purpose of damping the vibrations of the ground and of rendering the plastic yielding of the test bars less subject to outside interferences. New equipment also included three shockproof creep-testing machines with the Martens mirror instruments for recording the strain curve of the fatigue-tested specimens.
Cyclic stress-strain studies of metals in torsion
Report presenting cyclic torsion tests made to determine the effects of varying amounts of torsional overstrain on the shape of the shearing stress-strain diagrams of aluminum alloy 17ST, mild steel, wrought iron, copper, brass, and magnesium alloy AX57S. Results regarding the tensile, compressive, and shear properties are provided.
Damping formulas and experimental values of damping in flutter models
The problem of determining values of structural damping for use in flutter calculations is discussed. The concept of equivalent viscous damping is reviewed and its relation to the structural damping coefficient g introduced in NACA Technical Report No. 685 is shown. The theory of normal modes is reviewed and a number of methods are described for separating the motions associated with different modes. Equations are developed for use in evaluating the damping parameters from experimental data. Experimental results of measurements of damping in several flutter models are presented.
Deciduous-fruit improvement through tree-performance records.
Discusses commercial production of deciduous fruits based on the culture of established, profitable varieties. Describes the use of individual tree-records, the negative impacts of undesirable trees, and how to locate and isolate them.
Design Charts Relating to the Stalling of Tapered Wings
An aid in airplane design, charts have been prepared to show the effects of wing taper, thickness ratio, and Reynolds number on the spanwise location of the initial stalling point. Means of improving poor stalling characteristics resulting from certain combinations of the variables have also been considered; additional figures illustrate the influence of camber increase to the wing tips, washout, central sharp leading edges, and wing-tip slots on the stalling characteristics. Data are included from which the drag increases resulting from the use of these means can be computed. The application of the data to a specific problem is illustrated by an example.
The Design of Cooling Ducts With Special Reference to the Boundary Layer at the Inlet
"A study has been made of underslung cooling ducts with special references to the problems presented by the boundary layer on the fuselage skin. It was found that good flow can be obtained in such ducts by (1) making the inlet opening of such size that the mean inlet velocity is about 0.6 the free-stream velocity and (2) providing vanes behind as well as ahead of the radiator. Tables to facilitate design are included, together with an example " (p. 1).
Determination of ground effect from tests of a glider in towed flight
Report presents the results of an investigation made to find the effect of ground on the aerodynamic characteristics of a Franklin PS-2 glider. The lift, the drag, and the angle of attack of the glider in towed flight were determined at several heights from 0.14 to 1.19 span lengths and at various speeds for each height. Two wing arrangements were tested: the plain wing, and the wing with a nearly full-span 30-percent-chord split flap deflected 45 degrees. The experimental results for the plain wing were in good agreement with theoretical values calculated by the method of Wieselsberger for both the angle of attack and the drag coefficient at a height of 0.21 span length; Tani's refinements of the theory had a practically negligible effect on the computed values in this case.
Determination of the Characteristics of Tapered Wings
This report presents tables and charts for use in determining the characteristics of tapered wings. Theoretical factors are given from which the following characteristics of tapered wings may be found: the span lift distribution, the induced-angle-of attack distribution, the lift-curve slope, the angle of zero lift, the induced drag, the aerodynamic-center position, and the pitching moment about the aerodynamic center.
The Development of Electrical Strain Gages
"The design, construction, and properties of an electrical-resistance strain gage consisting of fine wires molded in a laminated plastic are described. The properties of such gages are discussed and also the problems of molding of wires in plastic materials, temperature compensation, and cementing and removal of the gages. Further work to be carried out on the strain gage, together with instrument problems, is discussed" (p. 1).
DFS Dive-Control Brakes for Gliders and Airplanes and Analytical Study of the Drag of the DFS Dive-Control Brake
These two reports are surveys on the progress and present state of development of dive-control flaps for gliders and airplanes. The second article describes how on the basis of wind tunnel and free-flight tests, the drag increase on brake flaps of the type DFS, can be predicted. Pressure records confirm a two-dimensional load distribution along the brake-flap surface.
Disease-Resistant Varieties of Vegetables for the Home Garden.
Discusses a variety of vegetables that are most resistant to disease and can be grown at home.
Diseases and Insects of Garden Vegetables.
Describes a wide variety of insect pests and diseases of vegetables, their characteristics, and the steps farmers can take to prevent, control, and treat these threats.
Drag Analysis of Single-Engine Military Airplanes Tested in the NACA Full-Scale Wind Tunnel
Report presenting tests in the full-scale wind tunnel on 11 single-engine military airplanes to investigate methods for increasing their high speed. Results regarding the power-plant installation, flow characteristics, wings, cockpit canopies, landing gear, and air leakage are provided.
Drag and propulsive characteristics of air-cooled engine-nacelle installations for two-engine airplanes
Report presenting a study on wing-nacelle propeller arrangements using a two-engine airplane with nacelles varying in diameter. Results regarding the power-off characteristics, propulsive and overall efficiencies, power-on characteristics, and pressure distributions are provided.
Drag Determinations of the Forward Component of a Tricycle Landing Gear
"Wind-tunnel tests were performed to determine the drag of the front-wheel arrangements of several types of tricycle landing gear. One wheel was tested in arrangements to simulate both nonretracted and partially retracted types. The landing gears were tested in conjunction with a fuselage, and the effects of wheel extension and longitudinal location were determined" (p. 1).
Dressing and packing turkeys for market.
Describes methods for processing a turkey to be sold at market.
Effect of body nose shape on the propulsive efficiency of a propeller
Report presents the results of an investigation of the propulsive efficiency of three adjustable propellers of 10-foot diameter operated in front of four body nose shapes, varying from streamline nose that continued through the propeller plane in the form of a large spinner to a conventional open-nose radial-engine cowling. One propeller had airfoil sections close to the hub, the second had conventional round blade shanks, and the third differed from the second only in pitch distribution. The blade-angle settings ranged from 20 degrees to 55 degrees at the 0.75 radius.
The Effect of Initial Displacement of the Center Support on the Buckling of a Column Continuous Over Three Supports
Report presenting an investigation of a long column continuous over three supports to determine its critical load when the center support was given varying amounts of initial displacement. During each test, the middle support was hinged so as to be free to move parallel to the column axis during buckling. The critical loads predicted from load-deflection readings were different for the upper and lower spans.
The Effect of Initial Displacement of the Center Support on the Buckling of a Column Continuous Over Three Supports
Report presenting a test of a long column continuous over three supports to determine its critical load when the center support was given varying amounts of initial displacement. During each test, the middle support was hinged so as to be free to move parallel to the column axis during buckling.
Effect of Wing Loading, Aspect Ratio, and Span Loading of Flight Performances
"An investigation is made of the possible improvements in maximum, cruising, and climbing speeds attainable through increase in the wing loading. The decrease in wing area was considered for the two cases of constant aspect ratio and constant span loading. For a definite flight condition, an investigation is made to determine what loss in flight performance must be sustained if, for given reasons, certain wing loadings are not to be exceeded. With the aid of these general investigations, the trend with respect to wing loading is indicated and the requirements to be imposed on the landing aids are discussed" (p. 1).
The Effects of Aerodynamic Heating on Ice Formations on Airplane Propellers
An investigation has been made of the effect of aerodynamic heating on propeller-blade temperatures. The blade temperature rise resulting from aerodynamic heating was measured and the relation between the resulting blade temperatures and the outer limit of the iced-over region was examined. It was found that the outermost station at which ice formed on a propeller blade was determined by the blade temperature rise resulting from the aerodynamic heating at that point.
The effects of engine speed and mixture temperature on the knocking characteristics of several fuels
Six 100-octane and two 87-octane aviation engine fuels were tested in a modified C.F.R. variable-compression engine at 1,500, 2,000 and 2,500 rpm. The mixture temperature was raised from 50 to 300 F in approximately 50 degree steps and, at each temperature, the compression ratio was adjusted to give incipient knock as shown by a cathode ray indicator. The results are presented in tabular form. The results are analyzed on the assumption that the conditions which determine whether a given fuel will knock are the maximum values of density and temperature reached by the burning gases. A maximum permissible density factor, proportional to the maximum density of the burning gases just prior to incipient knock, and the temperature of the burning gases at that time were computed for each of the test conditions. Values of the density factors were plotted against the corresponding end-gas temperatures for the three engine speeds and also against engine speed for several and end-gas temperatures. The maximum permissible density factor varied only slightly with engine speed but decreased rapidly with an increase in the end-gas temperature. The effect of changing the mixture temperature was different for fuels of different types. The results emphasize the desirability of determining the anti knock values of fuels over a wide range of engine and intake-air conditions rather that at a single set of conditions.
The Effects of Piston-Head Shape, Cylinder-Head Shape, and Exhaust Restriction, on the Performance of a Piston-Ported Two-Stroke Cylinder
Report presenting testing of a model of the two-stroke engine described in NACA Technical Note No. 674 for the purpose of observing the scavenging-air flow obtained with various inlet-port arrangements. Three types of cylinder head were tried with the round-edge piston in the engine. Results regarding the effect of port arrangement, pistons, cylinder-head shapes, effect of swirl, and exhaust restrictions are provided.
Emmer and Spelt.
Describes the history, characteristics, production methods, and uses of emmer and spelt.
Estimation of Critical Speeds of Airfoils and Streamline Bodies
Report presenting methods and charts for estimating the critical compressibility speeds of a large number of airfoils and streamline bodies. The systematic effects of thickness, thickness distribution, camber, camber location, leading-edge radius, and lift coefficient are considered. The results indicate that with a given lift coefficient, the thickness of the airfoil or of the body is the primary factor controlling its critical speed.
Expenses Income and Dividends of Oklahoma and Texas Cooperative Cotton Gins
Bulletin discussing about the income,expenses and dividends in Oklahoma and Texas during the seasons 1932-1933 to 1935-1936.
Experiment Station Record, Volume 81, July-December, 1939
Volume provides abstracts of agricultural experiments conducted during the year. Also includes statistics, convention reports, bulletins, bibliographies, and listings for Spanish edition publications from the Puerto Rico Station. Name and subject indexes start on page 893.
Experimental Contribution to the Study of Combustion in Compression-Ignition Engines
The purpose of this paper is to explain the differences in thermodynamic qualities of two oils and to try to make this differentiation clear enough so that it can be applied to two oils extremely alike, as, for instance a given oil and the same oil to which a small amount of another substance has been added.
Experimental Determination of Exhaust Gas Thrust, Special Report
"This investigation presents the results of tests made on a radial engine to determine the thrust that can be obtained from the exhaust gas when discharged from separate stacks and when discharged from the collector ring with various discharge nozzles. The engine was provided with a propeller to absorb the power and was mounted on a test stand equipped with scales for measuring the thrust and engine torque. The results indicate that at full open throttle at sea level, for the engine tested, a gain in thrust horsepower of 18 percent using separate stacks, and 9.5 percent using a collector ring and discharge nozzle, can be expected at an air speed of 550 miles per hour" (p. 1).
Experimental Investigation to Determine the Relative Magnitude of Vertical and Horizontal Gusts in the Atmosphere
Report presenting an investigation to obtain data on the vertical and horizontal gusts in the atmosphere by reworking accelerometers and airspeed records from past investigations of vertical gusts. The results indicate that the vertical and horizontal gusts are of about equal intensity in the atmosphere.
Experimental Results With Airfoils Tested in the High-Speed Tunnel at Guidonia
The results are presented of a triple series of tests using force measurements, pressure-distribution measurements, and air flow photographs on airfoil sections suitably selected so that comparison could be made between the experimental and theoretical results. The comparison with existing theory is followed by a discussion of the divergences found, and an attempt is made to find their explanation.
Experiments on Ball and Roller Bearings Under Conditions of High Speed and Small Oil Supply
This report describes a testing machine on which 35 millimeter bearings (bore) can be run at speeds of the order of 21,000 rpm, while the following factors are recorded: 1) oil circulation through bearing and oil temperature. 2) maximum temperature of outer bearing ring, 3) radial and axial load on bearing, 4) radial, axial, and angular clearance of bearing, 5) power consumption of bearing. The experiments show that the lubrication was most reliable and oil consumption lowest when the oil was introduced through a hole in the outer or inner ring of the bearing.
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