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- 1. K+ Charge Exchange - Search For K+ Charge Exchange
- An experiment was designed utilizing a charge-exchange reaction to study the decay and interactions of the neutral K mesons produced. The experiment produced no events that could be interpreted as either the decay or interaction of neutral K mesons. The nature of the experiment and the possible explanations of this unexpected result are presented in this paper.
- An 8-Matrix Theory of the Vertex p - NN Based on the Strip Approximation
- The present study was motivated by an attempt to understand low energy [formula] scattering within the framework of the bootstrap principle and the un-Reggeized version of the strip approximation. This work attempts to generate low energy [formula] scattering in the p(1,1) and p(3,3) states assuming the potential operating in these states is generated by the exchange of low mass meson states in the crossed t-channel and low mass baryon states in the crossed u channel. In particular, the p-meson is kept in channel t; the p mass and the coupling of [formula] and [formula] appear as parameters. The parameters of the nucleon and (3,3) poles are taken as the elements to be determined by self-consistency.
- 9-ANGIE : a Two-Dimensional, Multigroup, Neutron-Diffusion-Theory Reactor Code for the IBM 709 or 7090
- The 9-ANGIE, one of a series of reactor neutronic programs for an IBM 709 or 7090 data processing system, solves the time-dependent, multi-group, neutron diffusion equation for one to eighteen energy groups applied to a rectangular mesh superimposed on either an x-y or an r-z plane. It is characterized by its generalities in region description, boundary conditions, etc., without sacrificing simplicity of input preparation and ease of machine operation. The notation, the style, and the format have been held as consistent as possible with 9-ZOOM, the companion one-dimensional program.
- 9-Zoom : A One-Dimensional, Multigroup, Neutron Diffusion Theory Reactor Code for the IBM 709
- The following document describes the usage and purpose of the neutron diffusion theory reactor program 9-Zoom, a memory-contained program that takes advantage of 709 features such as, for example, preferential order of multiply by zero, and for small problems approaches input-output limitations with excellent convergence properties.
- 9-Zoom : A One-Dimensional, Multigroup, Neutron Diffusion Theory Reactor Code for the IBM 709 [Supplement]
- The following document describes the usage of the LRL 9-ZOOM code, a neutron diffusion theory reactor code for the IBM 709. The code has been modified to solve configuration of a series of stacked cylindrical disks, designating a new geometry case.
- 300-KV Pulser Transformer and Pulser.
- Photographs and working drawings are presented for a small (approximately 4.25 X 7 X 9 inch) 300Kv pulse transformer having double-conical secondaries each with a corona ring at its greatest diameter. The pulser circuit is shown but no text is included.
- The 4K ANGIE Code
- The ANGIE, one of a series of reactor neutronic programs for an IBM 709 or 7090 data processing system, solves the time-dependent, multi-group, neutron diffusion equation for 1 to 26 energy groups applied to a rectangular mesh superimposed on either an x-y or an r-z plane.
- Absolute Cross Sections for Secondary Particles Produced in High-Energy Nuclear Bombardments
- From abstract: Absolute cross sections for the production of charged secondary particles is the bombardments of aluminum, nickel, silver, and gold by 332-Mev protons, 187-deuterons, and 380-Mev alpha particles have been determined.
- Absolute Cross Sections of the Reaction P + P - w+ + d
- Absolute differential cross sections for the reaction p + p - w+ + d were obtained by detecting meson-deuteron coincidences produced by passing the 340-Mev external proton beam of the Berkeley synchro-cyclotron through a liquid hydrogen target.
- The Absorption Spectra of Suspensions of Living Micro-Organism
- The following document describes how to determine the measurements of the optical density or absorption spectra of suspensions of micro-organisms.
- Acceleration of a Plasma by Time-Varying Magnetic Fields
- Abstract: An application of the magnetic mirror principle to the acceleration of a plasma is described. It is shown that an axially symmetric magnetic field which increases with time but decreases with distance along the axis can impart a net translational energy to a plasma. This effect on a plasma is contrasted with that arising from an impressed electric field, which is not effective in producing acceleration.
- Accelerator Beam Pulsing System With Extremely Wide Range of Pulse Lengths and Pulse Repetition Rates
- The following document describes the usage and results of sending pulsed beams of electrically charged particles with electrically wide range of pulse lengths and pulse repetition rates.
- The Activity Coefficient of Plutonium(IV) Salts in Acidic Solutions
- Summary: The activity coefficient of Pu(Cl04)4 was measured in perchloric acid solutions. The procedure used was to measure the extraction of the neutral plutonium(IV)-TTA chelate into benzene-TTA solutions at different perchloric acid concentrations. Equations are presented which show the relation of the extraction coefficients, obtained in the above manner, to the activity coefficient of plutonium(IV) per-chlorate. The activity coefficient of Pu(Cl0~)4 is similar to that of a strong acid, e.g., perchloric acid, in that its value increases rapidly when the perchloric acid concentration becomes greater than 2M. The distribution coefficient of TTA between benzene and aqueous perchloric acid solutions was found first to decrease slightly and then to increase two fold as the perchloric acid was varied from 0.01 to 6M. The activity coefficient of the uranous-TTA chelate in benzene was calculated from the results of solubility measurements. The values of the activity coefficient of UK4 are,within experimental error, identical with the values of the activity coefficient of TTA itself.
- Adiabatic Injection
- From introduction comments: The present analysis is intended to examine the relations for "adiabatic" injection in general from a different point of view.
- An Adiabatic Motion Of Charged Particles In Electromagnetic Fields
- The guiding center motion and the adiabatic invariants of charged particle trajectories in electromagnetic fields are treated in this review. General and specific theories of charged particle motion are also reviewed.
- Air Core Cryogenic Magnet Coils for Fusion Research and High Energy Nuclear Physics Applications
- The following document was done under the auspices of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission with the intention of analyzing air core cryogenic magnet coils and its usage in fusion research and high energy nuclear physics applications.
- Air-Core Strong Focusing Synchrotron
- The following report is based on work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The purpose of this report is to describe an air-core strong focusing synchrotron and its functions.
- Alkyl Phosphoric Acids as Extraction Agents for Uranium
- The recent interest in tributyl phosphate as an extracting solvent for uranium indicated that consideration of n-butyl phosphoric acid for this application might be of interest if some way could be devised to overcome the manipulation and miscibility difficulties. It was found that if the material was placed in any one of a number of carrier solvents, it had a remarkably strong extractive effect on uranyl ion out of acid solutions without a salting agent present.
- Alpha Air Monitoring with [alpha]/[beta] Ratio Compensation for Natural Interference
- Abstract. Results are presented of a theoretical study to calculate the [alpha]/[beta] ratio of filter-collected natural airborne radioactivity. The detection of airborne plutonium contamination by noting increases in this [alpha]/[beta] ratio is discussed. A modification of this approach which provides a more uniform response to alpha airborne contamination is described.
- Alpha-Decay Studies in the Heavy Element Region
- Thesis describing a research conducted to extend observations on nuclear energy levels and how they effect the nucleus itself, and an investigation on the gamma rays associated for the even-even isotopes and to obtain additional data for the oddmass neclei in the hope that more regularities will become apparent for that class of nuclides.
- An Alternate Interpretation of the Results on then p-Meson Decay Electron Spectrum
- We have preliminarily reported the interpretation of our experimental results that the intensity of the spectrum at the maximum energy was zero. But, as reported in the second paper UCRL-1261 we found that the results may also be fitted to a different spectrum with finite intensity at the maximum energy. Quite recently, however, the most probable value for the mass of the p-meson has been revised by two independent groups based on two different experiments.
- Analysis of Bevatron Tau Mesons
- The following document analyzes one hundred and seventy-seven bevatron tau mesons for Q value of the tau decay, tau spin and parity, and possible polarization effects.
- Analysis of Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering Experiments
- Presented at session S-1 of the Tenth Annual International Conference on High-Energy Physics, Rochester, New York, August 25- September 1, 1960. The analysis of the latest experiments on p-p scattering at 210 Mev makes it probable that there is a unique set of phase shifts at this energy. Under reasonable assumptions about continuity of the phase shifts and the behavior of the higher partial waves, it is possible to pick a unique solution also at 310 and 95 Mev. This opens a new era in the analysis of nucleon-nucleon scattering, which should lead to a unique model for the scattering matrix up to 400 Mev. Theoretical attempts to calculate a "meson potential" from field theory have not been successful, and the semi-phenomenological potential models, although now in good qualitative agreement with experiment, are not quantitatively reliable. Instead of using these models as a basis for an energy-dependent parameterization of the scattering matrix, as was done by Breit and his collaborators, it is here argued that the Mandelstam representation offers a more reliable starting point. A formalism is developed which allows the one and two pion exchange interaction to be included exactly and gives a Lorentz-invariant description of the rest of the interaction. Coulomb effects are included in single pion exchange, and it is shown that the /sup 1/S/sub O/ n-p and p-p states are charge independent within the region of the remaining theoretical uncertainties. A new analysis is presented of n-p total cross sections between 1 and 14 Mev which obtains a value of 2.67 approximately 0.03 for the singlet effective range, in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. Results of an energy-dependent analysis of 387 pieces of p-p data reported elsewhere are examined from the point of view of the Mandelstam representation. The parameters which fit the /sup 1/S/sub …
- Analysis of P-P Scattering Experiments Below 40 Mev
- The following document presents an analysis on a phase-shift of p-p scattering with various measurements in Mev.
- Analysis of Six-Bar Linkage Using Digital Computer
- Summary. The analysis of the motion of a six-bar linkage is difficult because of the large number of variables involved and the large number of calculations that have to be made for each position of the linkage. If a digital computer is used to make the calculations required for a multi-position analysis of a mechanism, it is feasible to design by analyzing a large numbers of similar linkages and selecting the optimum configuration. In this paper expressions have been derived for the output angle as a function of the input angle and the transmission angle as a function of the input angle for any single-degree-of-freedom six-bar linkage for which the parameters are known An example showing the usefulness of a six-bar computer program as a mechanism design tool is discussed.
- Analysis of the Energy of Neutrons Emerging from the Target by Means of Their Spatial Distribution
- As there is no accurate measurements of the energy distribution of neutrons emerging from large uranium blocks, it becomes of importance to see how much information of this kind can be derived from the slowing down distribution of the neutrons in a water tank.
- Analysis of the Interaction of 300-Mev Neutrons with Xenon
- Abstract: And investigation of the interactions between 300-Mev neutrons and xenon was made by means of a cloud chamber in a pulsed magnetic field of 21,700 gauss placed in the neutron beam of the 184-inch Berkeley cyclotron. Eighty-seven negative pion events and 257 other stars were analyzed. In addition an experimental check was made on the energy of the incoming neutrons. Classification, identification, and angular and energy distributions of prongs associated with all events are presented. Interpretations of results are given.
- Analysis of the Moon's Surface by Nuclear Reactions
- Introduction. With the imminence of non-destructive landings of small instrumented payloads on the moon, many suggestions are being put forth as to methods of analyzing its surface. It is the purpose of this report to present a body of information which, it is hoped, will be useful in examining the feasibility of an early nuclear experiment to determine the elemental constituents of the lunar surface. The reasons for considering a nuclear approach is that it may be possible to perform an analysis without complex and elaborate manipulations, sample preparation or rigid geometrical constraints. Only those experimental designs which come within the presently-available or very-near-future general boundary conditions on weights, power, vehicles, etc., are discussed. The general approach is to consider the bombardment of the lunar surface with various nuclear beams and to examine the possible nuclear reactions which are know to be dependent on the mass and charge of the irradiated material. Then, those resultant radiations are sought which can be detected with little-or-no loss or distortion of the information which they contain.
- The Anatomy of Plasmons
- From abstract: "Plamons (plasma-magnetic entities) are toroidal "packages" of plasma wrapped up in their own magnetic field. Experimental evidence for the existence of plasmons is adduced and theoretical considerations concerning their various types and their stability are discussed."
- Angular Distribution of 30.6 Mev Protons Elastically Scattered by Be, C, and Al
- The motivation for the measurement of the angular distribution of elastic scattering of medium energy protons and neutrons has been clearly presented by others. They have also listed the results obtained prior to their experiments at 31.5 Mev. This is a report on some results obtained with 30.6 Mev protons scattered from Be, C, and Al.
- The Angular Distribution of the Reaction p + p--d + w+ at 338 Mev
- The angular distribution of the reaction p + p--w+ + d has been measured with the meson and deuteron detected in coincidence. Measurements were made at 30' and 90' in the center of mass system for an incident proton energy of 338 Mev. Similar measurements were made at 30', 60' and 90' for 332 Mev protons.
- Angular Distributions of Charged Particles From 31-Mev Protons on Carbon
- Report describing the angular distributions of several groups of charged particles resulting from the bombardment of carbon with 31-Mev protons.
- Antiproton-Nucleon Cross Sections From 0.5 To 1.0 Bev
- Antiproton-production and nucleon-interaction cross sections were investigated for antiprotons in the energy range 0.5 to 1.0 Bev. The antiprotons were distinguished from other particles produced at the Bevatron by a system of scintillation- and velocity-selecting Cerenkov counters. The excitation function and momentum distribution were recorded for antiproton production in carbon and compared with statistical model expectations.
- Application of a Modified Debye-Huckel Theory to Fully Ionized Gases
- Report discussing the equations of the Debye-Huckel theory modified to include quantum statistics.
- The Application of Pulsed Neutron Sources to Criticality Measurements
- Abstract: Experimentally measured promp-neutron decay constants for sub-critical systems are of considerable value as normalization data for calculations of prompt-neutron time constants. A method of measuring these decay constants with a pulsed neutron source, neutron detector and multi-channel time-delay analyzer has been developed and used on a number of fast-spectrum subcritical systems. An analysis of this method based on the one-energy group, one-delayed-neutron group reactor kinetic equations is presented and discussed. The curve of neutron flux versus time predicted by the kinetic equations is compared with the observed curve obtained with a 13.1-cm. diam. enriched-uranium sphere to indicate the application and limitations of the analysis.
- ARC Research : Minimum Power Coil Geometries for D.C. Magnetic Mirrors
- The following document provides measurements, equations and figures describing the minimum power coil geometries for D.C. magnetic mirrors.
- ARC Research : Some Considerations on the Application of the A-48 to the Sherwood Program
- The following document describes suggestions on the application of the A-48 ion accelerator beam currents to the Sherwood Program.
- Astron Thermonuclear Reactor
- The following document describes the workings of the Astron thermonuclear reactor.
- The Atomic Photoelectric Effect at High Energies
- There has been a revival of interest over the last few years in the theory of the high energy photoelectric effect. this problem has been especially clarified by the work of Pratt. Others have also contributed as will be noted below. In particular these workers have shown that the formula for photoelectric absorption of hard gamma rays by the two K electrons of an atom, which is often quoted in the literature, is too large for heavy elements by a factor amounting to approximately 2 for Pb. It turns out that the error is due to a faulty procedure described in the reference (3), p. 396 for obtaining an estimate of the exact formula.
- Automatic Scanning And Measuring Of Bubble Chamber Photographs
- The development of high-energy charged particle accelerators such as the Bevatron and of improved nuclear-event detection devices such as the Berkeley 72-in. hydrogen bubble chamber has greatly increased the need for high-speed data reduction of nuclear events. Full exploitation of the potential of the 72-in. bubble chamber demands a very high-speed analysis system. This paper describes an approach to such a system.
- Avalanche Transistor Switching
- Introduction. High voltage silicon mass transistors have the ability to perform circuit functions similar to the gas thyratron tube. Upon being triggered the transistor junction breaks down, or "avalanches", and can conduct a large current for a short time. The rise time of the avalanche breakdown pulse can be short, and the delay between triggering and avalanching can be short and very consistent. This avalanche action is non-destructive if the amount of peak and average power being dissipated at the junction is limited by the circuitry.
- Beehive and Hornet : Reactor Codes for Spherical Geometry
- Abstract: Beehive is a five energy group, two region, time independent spherical reactor code. It considers the problem of reactor system in which the core material is assumed to be at a higher energy (temperature) than the reflector material. The code obtains a closed solution for the critical reactor assembly by a procedure which is a logical extension of normal two group theory. The companion code, Hornet, computes the neutron fluxes for the critical assembly determined by the Beehive calculation. Both codes have been programmed for the IBM Magnetic Drum Data-Processing Machine, Type 650. The codes, together with the flow diagrams, are included with this report.
- BEFCYF And DBDT: IBM 704 Codes For Preparing Input For Bevatron Orbit Code (BOC)
- Two IBM-704 codes have been written which are auxiliary to the Bevatron orbit code BOC. The first, BEFCYF, interpolates among tabulated values of the median-plane magnetic flux density of the Bevatron to produce an equivalent array of values in a form appropriate to BOC. The second, DBDT, produces azimuthal derivatives of the fields produced by BEFCYF. The internal operation of BEFCYF and DBDT is described, and instructions for their execution are given.
- Behavior, a Balanced Network of Chemical Transformations (Biokinetics)
- Abstract. While the concept of a biological system as a balanced network of chemical transformations is not a new one, experimental definition of specific systems has been lacking. This paper defines theoretically and experimentally a number of such networks and their behavior and response to some limited environmental changes.
- Beryllium-oxide : [bibliography]
- "This is a bibliography of journal articles relating to beryllium oxide. Sources consulted include; Chemical Abstracts, 1951-1955; Physics Abstracts, 1951-1955; Industrial Arts Index, 1955-Jan, 1957; and the library card catalog. Starred articles are available in the library.
- Beta-Spectra of the Mirror Nuclei with A = 19 to 39
- Thesis presenting data taken on experimental nuclear magnetic moments for beta spectra of the mirror nuclei with A-19 to 39.
- The Bevatron 9.9-Mev Proton Linear Accelerator
- The Bevatron requires an intense source of high energy protons. The machine should accept monoenergetic protons for a duration of approximately 500 microseconds once every 6 seconds. To satisfy the requirements of small loss due to scattering by the gas in the accelerating chamber, a 9.9-Mev linear accelerator has been built and operated.
- The Bevatron and its Place in Nuclear Physics
- From page 2: "This article first describes the Bevatron [particle accelerator] and its operation, and then discusses a portion of the research program. The principles of the machine and its early history were given in "The Bevatron," by Lloyd Smith, Scientific American, February 1951."
- Bevatron Magnet Power Supply : Transient Stresses in the Bevatron 50,000-kva Motor Generator
- The following report provides results from investigations of torsional vibration stresses in the drive shafts of two Westinghouse motor generator sets in 1952.
- Bevatron Power Supply : Operating and Maintenance Problems
- The following report provides results from investigations on the operation of the power supply for the Bevatron Magnet as well as maintenance problems.