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Defense Primer: Geography, Strategy, and U.S. Force Design
Description:
This report describes how world geography influences U.S. military strategy. Of particular importance to U.S. policymakers is preventing the emergence of a regional hegemony in one part of Eurasia.
Date:
November 8, 2018
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
U.S.-Japan Announce New Limited Trade Negotiations
Description:
This report discusses announced plans for bilateral negotiations for a trade agreement between the United States and Japan.
Date:
October 17, 2018
Creator:
Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D. & Williams, Brock R.
The "National Security Exception" and the World Trade Organization
Description:
This report examines the meaning of the national security exception in Article XXI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)--a provision also implicated in a recent World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute between Russia and Ukraine; a blockade of Qatar by Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates; and a few other disputes.
Date:
November 28, 2018
Creator:
Murrill, Brandon J.
The Global Compact on Migration (GCM) and U.S. Policy
Description:
This report discusses the United Nations' Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) and the Trump Administration's withdrawal of the United States from the GCM negotiations.
Date:
October 16, 2018
Creator:
Margesson, Rhoda & Able-Thomas, Catherine L.
Iran Sanctions
Description:
This report discusses U.S. sanctions against Iran and the 2016 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear agreement which led to the lifting of sanctions based on nuclear proliferation in Iran. It outlines the various sanctions against Iran and their current implementation status, international efforts to bring about compliance, and their effects; it also addresses recent discussions regarding President's Trump announcement that the U.S. was decertifying the nuclear agreement and the po…
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Date:
November 28, 2018
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Morocco: Background and U.S. Relations
Description:
This report outlines the politics, economy, terrorism issues, and foreign relations of Morocco.
Date:
October 26, 2018
Creator:
Arieff, Alexis
The National Counterintelligence and Security Center (NCSC): An Overview
Description:
This report summarizes the background and functions of the U.S. National Counterintelligence and Security Center (NCSC).
Date:
October 18, 2018
Creator:
DeVine, Michael E.
Serbia: Background and U.S. Relations
Description:
This report provides an overview of Serbia and its governmental structure, economy, and foreign relations with the U.S., Kosovo, Turkey, Russia, and the European Union (EU).
Date:
November 16, 2018
Creator:
Morelli, Vincent L. & Garding, Sarah E.
U.S. Agent Orange/Dioxin Assistance to Vietnam
Description:
This report discusses U.S. assistance to Vietnam for the environmental and health damage attributed to a dioxin contained in Agent Orange and other herbicides sprayed over much of the southern portion of the country during the Vietnam War, which remains a major issue in bilateral relations.
Date:
November 9, 2018
Creator:
Martin, Michael F.
Tribal Broadband: Status of Deployment and Federal Funding Programs
Description:
This report discusses federal funding for tribal broadband, and whether or not it is sufficient. Native American tribal areas and communities tend to lag behind other areas and segments of American society with respect to broadband and telecommunications services.
Date:
November 7, 2018
Creator:
Kruger, Lennard G.
Section 232 Investigations: Overview and Issues for Congress
Description:
This report provides an overview of Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, analyzes the Trump Administration's Section 232 investigations and actions, and considers potential policy and economic implications and issues for Congress. To provide context for the current debate, the report also includes a discussion of previous Section 232 investigations and a brief legislative history of the statute.
Date:
November 21, 2018
Creator:
Fefer, Rachel F.; Jones, Vivian C.; Hammond, Keigh E.; Murrill, Brandon J.; Platzer, Michaela D. & Williams, Brock R.
Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
Description:
This report gives an overview of the federal incentives that support the development and deployment of alternatives to conventional fuels and engines in transportation including tax deductions and credits for vehicle purchases and the installation of refueling systems; federal grants for conversion of older vehicles to newer technologies; mandates for the use of biofuels; and incentives for manufacturers to produce alternative fuel vehicles. It also addresses how these incentives relate to goal…
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Date:
November 20, 2018
Creator:
Cunningham, Lynn J.; Canis, Bill; Arostegui, Danielle A. & Yacobucci, Brent D.
FY2018 and FY2019 Agriculture Appropriations: Federal Food Safety Activities
Description:
This report provides a brief overview of the FY2018 and FY2019 appropriations that address food safety activities at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS).
Date:
November 27, 2018
Creator:
Johnson, Renée & Angadjivand, Sahar
Bahrain: Unrest, Security, and U.S. Policy
Description:
This report discusses the political structure and human rights issues in Bahrain, including the 2011 uprising and its aftermath. Additionally, the report discusses Bahrain's relations with the United States and with the other countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) alliance.
Date:
December 4, 2018
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Video Relay Service: Program Funding and Reform
Description:
This report provides an introduction about how the video relay service works and and overview of the program. It discusses the fundamental restructuring of the program to support innovation and competition.
Date:
November 6, 2018
Creator:
Figliola, Patricia Moloney
Brexit at a Pivotal Moment
Description:
This report discusses the draft withdrawal agreement in the the United Kingdom's (UK's) expected withdrawal from the European Union (EU), known as Brexit. It also summarizes issues for the U.S. Congress to consider in regard to Brexit.
Date:
November 28, 2018
Creator:
Mix, Derek E.
Presidential Disability Under the Twenty-fifth Amendment: Constitutional Provisions and Perspectives for Congress
Description:
This report provides a description and analysis of Sections 3 and 4 of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment, which deal with presidential disability or inability. It also reviews the history of presidential disability and earlier proposals to provide for such contingencies, provides a legislative history of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment and examines relevant legislative proposals pending in the 115th Congress.
Date:
November 5, 2018
Creator:
Neale, Thomas H.
The Posse Comitatus Act and Related Matters: A Sketch
Description:
This report examines instances, as approved by Congress, where circumstances warrant a departure from the general rule of the Posse Comitatus Act, wherein the military is typically prevented from direct involvement in civilian affairs.
Date:
November 6, 2018
Creator:
Elsea, Jennifer K.
Introduction to the Legislative Process in the U.S. Congress
Description:
This report introduces the main steps through which a bill (or other item of business) may travel in the legislative process. For many bills, the process will not follow the sequence of congressional stages that are often understood to make up the legislative process. This report presents a look at each of the common stages through which a bill may move, but complications and variations abound in practice.
Date:
November 15, 2018
Creator:
Heitshusen, Valerie
Defense Authorization and Appropriations Bills: FY1961-FY2019
Description:
This report is a research aid that lists the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) authorization and appropriations bills for FY1961-FY2019 including: bill numbers, report numbers, dates reported and passed, recorded vote numbers and vote tallies, dates of passage of the conference reports with their numbers and votes, vetoes, substitutions, dates of final passage, and public law numbers. Significant definitions are also included.
Date:
November 27, 2018
Creator:
DeBruyne, Nese F. & Torreon, Barbara Salazar
Lame Duck Sessions of Congress Following a Majority-Changing Election: In Brief
Description:
This report describes "lame duck" sessions of Congress, which take place whenever one Congress meets after its successor is elected but before the term of the current Congress ends. It specifically provides additional information on the 1954, 1994, and 2010 lame duck sessions.
Date:
November 13, 2018
Creator:
Hudiburg, Jane A.
Defense Primer: RDT&E
Description:
This report describes the appropriations structure and funding levels for the U.S. Department of Defense's (DOD's) research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E). The DOD relies on scientific and technical research funded by the department and performed by industry, universities, federal laboratories, and others; the DOD also relies on technology developed by the private sector for commercial markets.
Date:
November 13, 2018
Creator:
Sargent, John F., Jr.
Quantum Information Science: Applications, Global Research and Development, and Policy Considerations
Description:
This report provides an overview of quantum information science (QIS) technologies: sensing and metrology, communications, and computing and simulation. It also includes examples of existing and potential future applications; brief summaries of funding and selected R&D initiatives in the United States and elsewhere around the world; a description of U.S. congressional activity; and a discussion of related policy considerations.
Date:
November 19, 2018
Creator:
Figliola, Patricia Moloney
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CRS Issue Briefs
2,221
2221
109th Congress
534
534
108th Congress
462
462
CRS Insight
437
437
110th Congress
416
416
107th Congress
337
337
CRS Legal Sidebar
260
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CRS In Focus
241
241
111th Congress
221
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112th Congress
208
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113th Congress
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114th Congress
179
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Fiscal Year 2016
170
170
106th Congress
164
164
Fiscal Year 2015
125
125
Fiscal Year 2018
125
125
Fiscal Year 2014
116
116
Fiscal Year 2009
109
109
Fiscal Year 2017
108
108
Fiscal Year 2010
95
95
115th Congress
93
93
105th Congress
91
91
Fiscal Year 2006
89
89
Fiscal Year 2008
87
87
Fiscal Year 2003
84
84
Fiscal Year 2000
83
83
Fiscal Year 2019
82
82
Fiscal Year 2011
73
73
Fiscal Year 2007
72
72
Fiscal Year 2005
71
71
Fiscal Year 2004
69
69
Fiscal Year 2002
60
60
104th Congress
58
58
Fiscal Year 1999
57
57
Fiscal Year 2013
53
53
Fiscal Year 2012
52
52
Fiscal Year 2001
50
50
Fiscal Year 1998
41
41
103rd Congress
37
37
92nd Congress
33
33
101st Congress
30
30
99th Congress
30
30
102nd Congress
29
29
91st Congress
27
27
98th Congress
26
26
100th Congress
25
25
Fiscal Year 1996
25
25
Fiscal Year 1997
25
25
97th Congress
24
24
95th Congress
19
19
96th Congress
19
19
Fiscal Year 1995
19
19
94th Congress
18
18
Fiscal Year 1994
17
17
Fiscal Year 1992
16
16
Fiscal Year 1993
16
16
Fiscal Year 2020
16
16
Fiscal Year 1990
15
15
Fiscal Year 1991
15
15
93rd Congress
14
14
Fiscal Year 1989
13
13
Fiscal Year 1972
12
12
Fiscal Year 1974
12
12
Fiscal Year 1970
11
11
Fiscal Year 1973
11
11
Fiscal Year 1981
11
11
Fiscal Year 1982
11
11
Fiscal Year 1984
11
11
Fiscal Year 1986
11
11
Fiscal Year 1987
11
11
Fiscal Year 1988
11
11
Fiscal Year 1971
10
10
Fiscal Year 1975
10
10
Fiscal Year 1980
10
10
Fiscal Year 1983
10
10
Fiscal Year 1985
10
10
Fiscal Year 1976
9
9
Fiscal Year 1977
9
9
Fiscal Year 2021
8
8
74th Congress
7
7
75th Congress
7
7
76th Congress
7
7
77th Congress
7
7
78th Congress
7
7
79th Congress
7
7
80th Congress
7
7
81st Congress
7
7
82nd Congress
7
7
83rd Congress
7
7
84th Congress
7
7
85th Congress
7
7
86th Congress
7
7
87th Congress
7
7
88th Congress
7
7
89th Congress
7
7
90th Congress
7
7
Fiscal Year 1978
7
7
Fiscal Year 1979
7
7
CRS Miscellaneous Publication
5
5
Fiscal Year 1969
4
4
Religious Holiday Fact Sheets
4
4
Fiscal Year 1965
3
3
Fiscal Year 1966
3
3
Fiscal Year 2022
3
3
64th Congress
2
2
65th Congress
2
2
66th Congress
2
2
67th Congress
2
2
68th Congress
2
2
69th Congress
2
2
70th Congress
2
2
71st Congress
2
2
72nd Congress
2
2
73rd Congress
2
2
Fiscal Year 1961
2
2
Fiscal Year 1962
2
2
Fiscal Year 1963
2
2
Fiscal Year 1964
2
2
Fiscal Year 1967
2
2
Fiscal Year 1968
2
2
Fiscal Year 2023
2
2
Fiscal Year 2024
2
2
Fiscal Year 2025
2
2
63rd Congress
1
1
Congressional Research Service
1
1
Fiscal Year 1946
1
1
Fiscal Year 1947
1
1
Fiscal Year 1948
1
1
Fiscal Year 1949
1
1
Fiscal Year 1950
1
1
Fiscal Year 1951
1
1
Fiscal Year 1952
1
1
Fiscal Year 1953
1
1
Fiscal Year 1954
1
1
Fiscal Year 1955
1
1
Fiscal Year 1956
1
1
Fiscal Year 1957
1
1
Fiscal Year 1958
1
1
Fiscal Year 1959
1
1
Fiscal Year 1960
1
1
Fiscal Year 2026
1
1
Fiscal Year 2027
1
1
Fiscal Year 2028
1
1
In Focus
1
1
Issue Brief
1
1
Legislative Reference Service
1
1
Selected references 1962 - spring 1968
1
1
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Afghanistan
296
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Albania
7
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Algeria
15
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American Samoa
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Antigua and Barbuda
1
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Argentina
33
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Armenia
51
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Australia
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Austria
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Burundi
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9
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Cameroon
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Canada
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Central African Republic
6
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Chad
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Chile
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650
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Colombia
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Cook Islands
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Cote d'Ivoire
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Croatia
11
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Cuba
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24
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63
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83
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5
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77
77
Grenada
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Guam
22
22
Guatemala
9
9
Guinea
11
11
Haiti
47
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Honduras
37
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Hong Kong
13
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Hungary
61
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Iceland
10
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India
76
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Indonesia
17
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Iran
392
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Iraq
408
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161
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66
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195
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27
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69
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Kuwait
39
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23
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7
7
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Lebanon
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Lesotho
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17
17
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45
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59
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61
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14
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7
7
Malawi
3
3
Malaysia
17
17
Mali
2
2
Malta
58
58
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3
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177
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10
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6
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Montenegro
17
17
Morocco
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17
Namibia
3
3
Nauru
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Nepal
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4
Netherlands
65
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New Zealand
23
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Nicaragua
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14
Niger
3
3
Nigeria
19
19
Niue
2
2
North Korea
117
117
Northern Mariana Islands
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Norway
8
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Oman
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Pakistan
96
96
Palau
2
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Panama
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Papua New Guinea
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Paraguay
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Peru
52
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Philippines
26
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63
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Portugal
60
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Puerto Rico
32
32
Qatar
22
22
Republic of the Congo
1
1
Romania
48
48
Russia
240
240
Rwanda
20
20
Samoa
4
4
Saudi Arabia
69
69
Senegal
3
3
Seychelles
9
9
Sierra Leone
1
1
Singapore
18
18
Slovakia
60
60
Slovenia
60
60
Solomon Islands
2
2
Somalia
29
29
South Africa
18
18
South Korea
117
117
South Sudan
12
12
Spain
65
65
Sri Lanka
1
1
Sudan
67
67
Swaziland
3
3
Sweden
65
65
Switzerland
3
3
Syria
136
136
Taiwan
93
93
Tajikistan
16
16
Tanzania
9
9
Thailand
12
12
Timor-Leste
6
6
Tonga
2
2
Trinidad and Tobago
1
1
Tunisia
13
13
Turkey
71
71
Turkmenistan
8
8
Tuvalu
2
2
Uganda
17
17
Ukraine
36
36
United Arab Emirates
37
37
United Kingdom
99
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United States
17,133
17133
Uruguay
1
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Uzbekistan
19
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Vanuatu
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Venezuela
52
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Vietnam
61
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40
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Zimbabwe
19
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Alabama
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Alaska
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Arizona
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Arkansas
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California
15
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Colorado
4
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228
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200
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216
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149
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152
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187
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1976
162
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1977
104
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1978
131
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1979
17
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34
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60
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77
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73
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50
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37
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10
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62
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45
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7
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7
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1991
29
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1992
40
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1993
67
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1994
123
123
1995
146
146
1996
156
156
1997
287
287
1998
736
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1999
439
439
2000
563
563
2001
1,153
1153
2002
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2162
2003
3,003
3003
2004
1,912
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2005
3,222
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2006
3,330
3330
2007
2,809
2809
2008
3,668
3668
2009
2,129
2129
2010
2,321
2321
2011
2,076
2076
2012
1,798
1798
2013
1,666
1666
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1,900
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2,077
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859
859
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1,084
1084
2018
1,082
1082
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1,549
1549
2nd
1,398
1398
3rd
1,534
1534
4th
1,370
1370
5th
1,510
1510
6th
1,479
1479
7th
1,454
1454
8th
1,468
1468
9th
1,405
1405
10th
1,528
1528
11th
1,252
1252
12th
1,407
1407
13th
1,392
1392
14th
1,484
1484
15th
1,482
1482
16th
1,358
1358
17th
1,357
1357
18th
1,325
1325
19th
1,351
1351
20th
1,521
1521
21st
1,367
1367
22nd
1,462
1462
23rd
1,415
1415
24th
1,366
1366
25th
1,310
1310
26th
1,368
1368
27th
1,323
1323
28th
1,412
1412
29th
1,304
1304
30th
1,313
1313
31st
795
795