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Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Benefits and Challenges of Machine Learning Technologies for Medical Diagnostics

Description: Report discussing currently available machine learning (ML) medical diagnostic technologies for five selected diseases, emerging ML medical diagnostic technologies, challenges affecting the development and adoption of ML technologies for medical diagnosis, and policy options to help address challenges in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in health care (Part One). Part Two presents a framework for evaluating and promoting provider adoption of new AI-assisted diagnostic decisi… more
Date: September 2022
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Artificial Intelligence: An Accountability Framework for Federal Agenices and Other Entities

Description: This report describes an accountability framework for artificial intelligence (AI). The framework is organized around four complementary principles and describes key practices for federal agencies and other entities that are considering and implementing AI systems. Each practice includes a set of questions for entities, auditors, and third-party assessors to consider, along with audit procedures and types of evidence for auditors and third-party assessors to collect.
Date: June 2021
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Science and Tech Spotlight: Deepfakes

Description: Document summarizing deepfake technology and highlighting opportunities, challenges, and policy questions related to the development of this technology.
Date: February 2020
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office. Science, Technology Assessment, and Analytics.
open access

Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Benefits and Challenges of Machine Learning in Drug Development

Description: Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) is a set of technologies that includes automated systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making. AI/ML has promising applications in health care, including drug development. For example, it may have the potential to help identify new treatments, reduce failure rates in clinical trials, and generally result in a more efficient and effective drug develop… more
Date: December 2019
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Artificial Intelligence: Emerging Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications

Description: Report representing the results of a Comptroller General forum on recent developments in the area of artificial intelligence (AI) - and key implications regarding potential benefits, challenges to realizing these benefits, and resulting policy implications and research priorities.
Date: March 2018
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Southwest Border Security: Additional Actions Needed to Better Assess Fencing's Contributions to Operations and Provide Guidance for Identifying Capability Gaps

Description: Border fencing is intended to benefit border security operations in various ways, according to officials from the U.S. Border Patrol (Border Patrol), which is within the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). For example, according to officials, border fencing supports Border Patrol agents' ability to execute essential tasks, such as identifying illicit-cross border activities. CBP collects data that could help provide insight into how border fencing c… more
Date: February 2017
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Medicare Imaging Accreditation: Effect on Access to Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Is Unclear amid Other Policy Changes

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "GAO found that the number of advanced diagnostic imaging (ADI) services provided to Medicare beneficiaries in the office setting—an indicator of access to those services—began declining before and continued declining after the accreditation requirement went into effect on January 1, 2012. In particular, the rate of decline from 2009 to 2010 was similar to the rate from 2011 to 2012 for magnetic resonanc… more
Date: April 18, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Nuclear Weapons: Technology Development Efforts for the Uranium Processing Facility

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "GAO has identified five additional risks since its November 2010 report ( GAO-11-103 ) associated with using new technologies in the National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) Uranium Processing Facility (UPF), which is to be built in three interrelated phases. These risks and the steps that NNSA is taking to address them include the following:"
Date: April 18, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Information Security: SEC Needs to Improve Controls over Financial Systems and Data

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Although the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) had implemented and made progress in strengthening information security controls, weaknesses limited their effectiveness in protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of a key financial system. For this system's network, servers, applications, and databases, weaknesses in several controls were found, as the following examples illustr… more
Date: April 17, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Army Modular Force Structure: Annual Report Generally Met Requirements, but Challenges in Estimating Costs and Assessing Capability Remain

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Army's annual report on its modular force either fully or partially addressed all of the requirements mandated by law. GAO's analysis showed that of the 14 legislative requirements, the report fully addressed 9 and partially addressed 5. The requirements that were fully addressed included an assessment of the modular force capabilities and the status of doctrine for the modular force, among others. … more
Date: April 16, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Foreign Aid: USAID Has Increased Funding to Partner-Country Organizations but Could Better Track Progress

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The U.S. Agency for International Development's (USAID) reporting on its principal Local Solutions indicator—the percentage of mission program funds obligated to local organizations in partner countries—lacks clarity, complicating the assessment of the agency's progress toward its fiscal year 2015 target of 30 percent. The March 2013 USAID Forward progress report states that these obligations increased … more
Date: April 16, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

National Environmental Policy Act: Little Information Exists on NEPA Analyses

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Governmentwide data on the number and type of most National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analyses are not readily available, as data collection efforts vary by agency. NEPA generally requires federal agencies to evaluate the potential environmental effects of actions they propose to carry out, fund, or approve (e.g., by permit) by preparing analyses of different comprehensiveness depending on the sig… more
Date: April 15, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

National Environmental Policy Act: Little Information Exists on NEPA Analyses

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Governmentwide data on the number and type of most National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analyses are not readily available, as data collection efforts vary by agency. NEPA generally requires federal agencies to evaluate the potential environmental effects of actions they propose to carry out, fund, or approve (e.g., by permit) by preparing analyses of different comprehensiveness depending on the sig… more
Date: April 15, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Ballistic Missile Defense: Actions Needed to Address Implementation Issues and Estimate Long-Term Costs for European Capabilities

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Department of Defense (DOD) met the presidentially announced time frame to deploy initial ballistic missile defense (BMD) capabilities in Europe under the European Phased Adaptive Approach (EPAA) but did not fully identify and plan to resolve implementation issues before deployment. As a result, DOD experienced implementation issues, such as incomplete construction of housing facilities for soldiers… more
Date: April 11, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Air Force: Actions Needed to Strengthen Management of Unmanned Aerial System Pilots

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Air Force has managed its remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) pilots using some strategic human-capital approaches, such as planning for the different levels of experience that it needs in these pilots. However, it continues to face challenges. High-performing organizations manage human capital to identify the right number of personnel and to target the right sources to fill personnel needs. In 2008, th… more
Date: April 10, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

KC-46 Tanker Aircraft: Program Generally on Track, but Upcoming Schedule Remains Challenging

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The KC-46 program has made good progress over the past year—acquisition costs have remained relatively stable, the critical design review was successfully completed, the program is on track to meet performance parameters, and the contractor started building development aircraft. As shown, total program acquisition costs—which include development, production, and military construction costs—and unit cost… more
Date: April 10, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Mine Safety: Basis for Proposed Exposure Limit on Respirable Coal Mine Dust and Possible Approaches for Lowering Dust Levels

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Department of Labor's Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) appropriately did not use recent trend data on coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) as a basis for its proposal to lower the permissible exposure limit for respirable coal mine dust. These recent data from the Department of Health and Human Services' National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are inappropriate for th… more
Date: April 9, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Aviation Safety: FAA Should Improve Usability of its Online Application System and Clarity of the Pilot's Medical Form

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Aerospace medical experts GAO interviewed generally agreed that the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) medical standards are appropriate and supported FAA's recent data-driven efforts to improve its pilot medical-certification process. Each year, about 400,000 candidates apply for a pilot's medical certificate and complete a medical exam to determine whether they meet FAA's medical standards. From … more
Date: April 8, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Information Security: IRS Needs to Address Control Weaknesses That Place Financial and Taxpayer Data at Risk

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) continued to make progress in addressing information security control weaknesses and improving its internal control over financial reporting; however, weaknesses remain that could affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of financial and sensitive taxpayer data. During fiscal year 2013, IRS management devoted attention and resources to addressing informa… more
Date: April 8, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Military Capabilities: Navy Should Reevaluate Its Plan to Decommission the USS <em>Port Royal</em>

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Navy's 2013 report to Congress on the Port Royal 's material condition partially addressed congressional reporting requirements but has likely overstated modernization costs should the ship be retained in service. While the Navy acknowledges that it did not obtain an independent structural assessment as required by one of the mandates, the Navy found the condition of the ship to be comparable to o… more
Date: April 8, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Troubled Asset Relief Program: Status of the Wind Down of the Capital Purchase Program

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Department of Treasury (Treasury) continues to make progress in winding down the Capital Purchase Program (CPP). As of January 31, 2014, Treasury's data showed that 624 of the original 707 institutions, or about 88 percent, had exited CPP. Treasury had received about $225 billion from its CPP investments, exceeding the approximately $205 billion it had disbursed. Most institutions exited by repurcha… more
Date: April 7, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

2020 Census: Prioritized Information Technology Research and Testing Is Needed for Census Design Decisions

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Census Bureau (Bureau) has made progress in researching and testing information technology (IT) options for the 2020 Decennial Census, but several of the supporting projects lack schedules and plans, and it is uncertain whether they will be completed in time to inform the decision on the operational design for the 2020 census, planned for September 2015. Specifically, it has begun research on six IT… more
Date: April 3, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
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