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Pakistan-U.S. Relations

Description: This report summarizes important recent developments in Pakistan and in Pakistan-U.S. relations. These include high-profile political assassinations in early 2011; the Raymond Davis affair involving a CIA operative accused of murder in the city of Lahore; and the May killing of Osama bin Laden in the city of Abbottabad, among others. The report also summarizes key issues in the bilateral relationship.
Date: May 30, 2008
Creator: Kronstadt, K. Alan
open access

Economic Crisis in Greece

Description: This report briefly discusses the current economic situation in Greece. Questions about whether Greece will stay in the Eurozone have resurfaced, as the government's stalemate with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Eurozone creditors has reached a critical point.
Date: June 29, 2015
Creator: Nelson, Rebecca M.
open access

Navy Role in Irregular Warfare and Counterterrorism: Background and Issues for Congress

Description: This report discusses the nature of Navy involvement in irregular warfare (IW) and counterterrorism (CT) operations, which have received an increased emphasis since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The overall issue for Congress is how much emphasis to place on IW and CT activities in future Navy budgets, and whether decisions reached by Department of Defense (DOD) on this issue in the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) are appropriate.
Date: April 29, 2009
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
open access

The Arecibo Ionospheric Observatory

Description: This report discusses the issues involved with determining whether the Arecib Ionospheric Observatory is more cost-effective than replacing it with newer, available technology. The Arecibo Ionospheric Observatory is a radio and radar telescope located in Barrio Esperanza, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Date: March 5, 2009
Creator: Matthews, Christine M.
open access

Broadband over Powerlines: Regulatory and Policy Issues

Description: This report provides background information regarding broad band over powerlines. The report discusses the federal communications commission activity, the national communication and information administration activity.
Date: May 13, 2008
Creator: Moloney Figliola, Patricia
open access

A Shift in the International Security Environment: Potential Implications for Defense--Issues for Congress

Description: This report briefly describes the shift in the international security environment that some observers believe has occurred, and identifies some defense related issues for Congress that could arise from it. Congress's decisions on these issues could have significant implications for U.S. defense capabilities and funding requirements.
Date: July 14, 2015
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
open access

The Help America Vote Act and Election Administration: Overview and Issues

Description: This report discusses the Help America Vote Act (HAVA; P.L. 107-252) enacted in 2002. It provides background information about HAVA and its provisions, the Election Assistance Commission (EAC), funding for the agency and for state programs to improve elections, and a number of enduring election administration issues.
Date: June 23, 2015
Creator: Coleman, Kevin J. & Fischer, Eric A.
open access

Ex-Im Bank's General Statutory Authority Expires

Description: This report discusses the Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im Bank), a wholly owned federal government corporation which seeks to provide direct loans, loan guarantees, and export credit insurance to: (1) support exports that the private sector is unwilling or unable to finance alone at commercially viable terms; and/or (2) counter government-backed financing offered by foreign countries through their export credit agency (ECA).
Date: July 1, 2015
Creator: Akhtar, Shayerah Ilias
open access

The No Child Left Behind Act and "Unfunded Mandates": A Legal Analysis of School District of the City of Pontiac v. Secretary of the United States Department of Education

Description: This report discusses some of the implications of the Sixth Circuit's decision in School District of the City of Pontiac v. Secretary of the United States Department of Education. This includes information regarding the potential practical effect, procedural ramifications, and legal impact of both the original ruling and the recent decision to rehear the case.
Date: May 9, 2008
Creator: Feder, Jody
open access

The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy

Description: This report discusses the open economy and society of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), provides a general description of the UAE's government and political structure, and outlines the effects of the recent global economic downturn on the UAE in general and on the city of Dubai in particular. It also describes U.S. concern over the proliferation of advanced technology in relation to a recently-signed U.S.-UAE civilian nuclear agreement, due to the UAE economy and the UAE's lax export controls.
Date: June 24, 2015
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
open access

Farm Bill Legislative Action in the 110th Congress

Description: This report discuses the periodic omnibus farm bill, which is renewed about every five years, and governs federal farm and food policy. The report contains congressional actions and a summary of the conference agreement provisions.
Date: June 13, 2008
Creator: Johnson, Renée; Richardson, Joe; Marples, Donald J. & Jickling, Mark
open access

Securing General Aviation

Description: This report discusses safety concerns regarding General aviation (GA), which encompasses a wide range of airports, aircraft, and flight operations. Because GA plays a small but important role in the U.S. economy, improving upon GA security without unduly impeding air commerce or limiting the freedom of movement by air remains a significant challenge.
Date: March 3, 2009
Creator: Elias, Bart
open access

Kenya: Current Conditions and the Challenges Ahead

Description: This report discusses the current political conditions of Kenya, which has long been an important ally of the United States. The report focuses particularly on the December 2007 elections, which many international observers have declared as rigged and deeply flawed. The report also discusses violence that erupted once election results were announced, as well as U.S. efforts to urge Kenya toward election reforms.
Date: May 14, 2009
Creator: Dagne, Ted
open access

Greenhouse Gas Legislation: Summary and Analysis of H.R. 2454 as Reported by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce

Description: This report contains a section-by-section summary of the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (H.R. 2454) and interpretive or informative commentary for some sections, when appropriate. H.R. 2454 would establish a cap-and-trade system designed to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions; the market-based approach would establish an absolute cap on the emissions from covered entities and would allow trading of emissions permits ("allowances").
Date: June 17, 2009
Creator: Holt, Mark & Whitney, Gene
open access

Foreign Investment in U.S. Securities

Description: This report analyzes the extent of foreign portfolio investment in the U.S. economy and assesses the economic conditions that are attracting such investment and the impact such investments are having on the economy.
Date: March 13, 2009
Creator: Jackson, James K.
open access

Zimbabwe: 2008 Elections and Implications for U.S. Policy

Description: This report provides an overview of Zimbabwe's March 2008 elections. The report discusses the power-sharing agreement, the transitional government, cholera outbreak, international reactions, and U.S. policy on Zimbabwe.
Date: January 5, 2009
Creator: Ploch, Lauren
open access

Automatic Continuing Resolutions: Background and Overview of Recent Proposals

Description: This report provides background on the historical frequency of federal funding gaps and shutdowns. It also discusses features of Automatic Continuing Resolutions (ACRs), arguments for and against ACRs, relevant Congressional actions, and proposals in the 112th through 114th Congresses.
Date: August 20, 2015
Creator: Tollestrup, Jessica
open access

Tax Provisions that Expired in 2014 ("Tax Extenders")

Description: This report provides a broad overview of tax extenders -- a collective of temporary tax provisions for which measures have regularly extended the provisions when expired or expiring. Fifty-two temporary tax provisions expired at the end of 2014.
Date: September 4, 2015
Creator: Sherlock, Molly F.
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