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- Angular Distribution of 30.6 Mev Protons Elastically Scattered by Be, C, and Al
- The motivation for the measurement of the angular distribution of elastic scattering of medium energy protons and neutrons has been clearly presented by others. They have also listed the results obtained prior to their experiments at 31.5 Mev. This is a report on some results obtained with 30.6 Mev protons scattered from Be, C, and Al.
- Medical and Health Physics Quarterly Report July, August, September, 1953
- Quarterly report on the metabolic properties of various materials, biological studies of radiation effects, health chemistry, health physics.
- Convergence and Summability of Orthogonal Series
- Consider an orthogonal series [formula] where [formula] is an arbitrary orthonormal system for the interval (a, b) and [formula] is a sequence of real numbers. This report is a collection of theorems which give sufficient conditions for the convergence almost everywhere in (a, b) and summability a. e. in (a, b) of the above series.
- Pile Neutron Production Field Curves Calculated Using the UCRL Differential Analyzer
- A set of 69 pile yield curves for the production of plutonium, americium, and curium isotopes in a neutron flux of 5 x 10<sup>14 cm<sup>-2 sec<sup>-1 is given. The differential analyzer of the University of California Radiation Laboratory was used in obtaining the curves. The curves are given also on log-log plots for comparison.
- The Bevatron 9.9-Mev Proton Linear Accelerator
- The Bevatron requires an intense source of high energy protons. The machine should accept monoenergetic protons for a duration of approximately 500 microseconds once every 6 seconds. To satisfy the requirements of small loss due to scattering by the gas in the accelerating chamber, a 9.9-Mev linear accelerator has been built and operated.
- Interaction of Heparin Active Factor and Egg-Yolk Lipoprotein
- There is an active principle in heparinized plasma that may be studied in vitro with a prescribed lipoprotein-containing medium. To this end the interaction of this active principle or factor was studied with lipoprotein species isolated from egg yolk.
- Meson-Mass Measurements II - On the Measurement of the Masses of Charged Pions
- This paper describes the method developed and the results obtained in an extensive program of measurement of the masses of charged pions. Measurements were made of the total ranges in nuclear track emulsion and the momenta (obtained from the curving of the particle trajectory in the magnetic field of the 184-inch cyclotron) of pions and protons of nearly the same velocity.
- Chemistry Division Quarterly Report: June, July, August, 1953
- Quarterly updates on nuclear chemistry, bio-organic chemistry, general chemistry, chemical engineering (process chemistry).
- Medical and Health Physics Quarterly Report: May, June, July, 1953. Aerosol Studies.
- Our aerosol program employing monkeys has been initiated. A plutonium oxilate solution was introduced into the trachea. Preliminary results of the fecal and urinary determinations appear here.
- Medical and Health Physics Quarterly Report: April, May, June, 1953
- Progress report on biological studies of radiation effects, metabolic properties of various materials, health chemistry, health physics.
- Orbital Electron Capture in the Heaviest Elements
- Certain isotopes in the region of the heaviest elements have been produced by cyclotron and pile bombardment techniques, and their nuclear decay properties have been investigated. The orbital electron capture decay of At210, At211, Np234, Np235, Pu234, Pu237, and Am242m has been studied and decay schemes have been proposed. In addition, the alpha spectra of Po211, At210, and At211 have been observed.
- Passage of Electrons Through Matter
- One of the oldest properties of electrons is their emission of x-rays (discrete and continuous spectra) when impinging on matter. Cloud-chamber tracks show light ionization, and considerable multiple scattering, except for fast electrons. Tracks are long and range indefinite.
- The Distributions in Energy and in Number of Electrons and Photons in Cascade: Derived With Energy-Dependent Bremsstrahlung, Materialization, Collision Loss and Multiple Scattering
- Diffusion equations for a cascade shower which include an energy cutoff and energy parameters for each particle have not previously been studied. In this paper it is found that an inclusion of both permits collision loss to be represented as a discrete process by modifying the differential radiation cross section.
- A Criterion For Vacuum Sparking Designed to Include Both R. F. and D. C.
- An empirical relation is presented which represents a boundary between no vacuum sparking and possible vacuum sparking. Metal electrodes and r.f. or d.c. voltages are used. The criterion fits several orders of surface gradient, voltage, gap, and frequency. Current due to field emission is considered necessary for sparking but in addition, energetic particles are required to initiate a cascade process which increases the field emission currents to the point of sparking. An elementary cascade process is outlined, but the data upon which it is based is not fully stated.
- The Production of 320 Mev Deuterons By He3 Stripping
- The purpose of this report is to describe a method of obtaining deuterons from the 184-inch cyclotron of higher energy than can be achieved from direct acceleration.
- MTA Quarterly Progress Report: March, April, May, 1953
- Progress report on programs in target research and in accelerator research.
- Dependence of Positive Pion Production Cross Sections on Atomic Number at Low Energies
- A preliminary study of positive pion production from proton-nucleus collisions revealed that positive pion production cross sections agree more favorably with a Z 2/3 variation than with a variation proportional to the atomic number. A similar study on negative pion production has shown that negative pion yields from proton-nucleus collisions tend to vary in proportion to the number of neutrons in the nucleus. As a result an experiment was performed to investigate if there is a significant change in positive pion production with changing atomic number at two lower pion energies.
- The Dependence of Negative Pion Production on Neutron Number
- The existing data on positive pion production resulting from the interaction of 340 Mev protons with complex nuclei indicate that the production cross-sections agree more closely with a 2/3 variation than with a variation proportional to z. A preliminary survey of negative pion production at two pion energies has been made for Be, C, Al, Cu, Ag and Po, using the externally deflected 340 Mev synchro-cyclotron proton beam.
- Separation of Iron and Cobalt on Synthetic Resin
- Recent studies on the separation of cobalt and nickel and on the behavior of iron in hydrochloric acid on Dowex-1 resin in relation to the selective adsorption of chloride complexes of these elements have suggested the use of resin for the separation of iron and cobalt.
- Dynamics of Stagewise Extraction Columns
- A calculation method has been developed in order to correlate continuous-flow extraction results in mixer-settlers with rate data for batch experiments. This correlation utilizes dynamic extraction coefficients (E's) that are calculated from the rate data and the equilibrium extraction coefficients. The dynamic coefficients may then be used in stage-by-stage calculations, or their average values used in equations derived herein from the overall performance of center-fed columns.
- The Effect of Highly Ionizing Radiations on Cell Survival: a Study of the Relative Biological Effect on Yeast Cells
- An apparatus is described that permits the use of highly ionizing radiations of the Berkeley 60-inch Cyclotron for radiobiological experimentation (ie., deuterons, alpha particles and carbon nuclei).
- Stopping Power and Ion Density
- A "particle" of charge Ze moves with velocity v, mass M, energy [formula], through a "substance" of atomic number Zo, density N atoms/cm3. We have to consider the process of slowing down, and the nature of the trail of ions produced. Very slow particles are of little interest, as their range is very short. If Z is large, or if the particle is an electron, there are complications which we postpone. Thus, our considerations will apply particularly to protons, deuterons, o< -particles, and mesons.
- Energy Spectrum of 320 Mev Deuterons From He3
- The previous calculation of the energy spectrum of the high energy deuteron beam from the stripping of He3 (UCRL-2150) was thought to be in error, especially as regards the low energy tail, on the basis of some experiments with the neutron time-of-flight detector, which indicated a considerably narrower spectrum than that calculated in UCRL-2150. Since the value used for the attenuation cross section of deuterons in uranium is considerably lower than that presently considered correct a new calculation was made using this latter cross section. Since the equations used in this new calculation differ somewhat from those used in the previous report a brief derivation is given here.
- An Alternate Interpretation of the Results on then p-Meson Decay Electron Spectrum
- We have preliminarily reported the interpretation of our experimental results that the intensity of the spectrum at the maximum energy was zero. But, as reported in the second paper UCRL-1261 we found that the results may also be fitted to a different spectrum with finite intensity at the maximum energy. Quite recently, however, the most probable value for the mass of the p-meson has been revised by two independent groups based on two different experiments.
- A Simple Analogue Instrument For Summing Angles in the Root Locus Method of Solving Ordinary Equations and Stability Problems
- The root locus method of the treatment of stability problems in the field of servomechanisms is briefly summarized. A simple mechanical instrument of the analogue type (a summing device) containing no gear mechanisms, and designed to do most of the numerical work of the root locus method, is also described.
- Electron Loading and High Voltage Sparking of Metals in Vacuum
- Statistical methods were employed to measure relative values of electron loading and spark-over voltage for a large number of unoutgassed electrode materials. Test voltages up to 110 KV were employed in vacuum of the order of 10<sup>-7 mm Hg. All metals showed a square root dependence between spark-over voltage and spacing.
- On Neutron Evaporation From Excited Nuclei
- At high excitation energies, competition of proton and c-particle emission with neutron emission becomes important. For low excitation, the competition between Y-emission, neutron emission, and fission should be taken into account. To aid in the evaluation of this competition an experiment has been performed to measure the number and energy spectrum of the protons and c-particles emitted in the high energy bombardment of uranium with protons, deuterons, and c-particles.
- Limitations on Bore, Entering Beam, and Voltage Gradients in the Strong Focusing Linear Accelerator. II.
- This is an extension of the results reported in UCRL-2203, where bore diameter is determined in a linear accelerator.
- Medical and Healtyh Physics Quarterly Report - January, February, and March, 1953
- Quarterly progress on the metabolic properties of various materials, radiation chemistry, biological studies of radiation effects, health chemistry, health physics.
- Full Scale 48 MC Cavity For Sparking Tests of Gaps Corresponding to 0.45 To 4.5 Mev Beam Energy
- It is proposed to test gaps corresponding to deuteron energies in the range of 0.45 to 4.5 Mev. The accelerator to be modeled is a 48 mc/sec cylindrical cavity in the TM010 mode with [formula] repeat length, [formula] gap, 0.25 megavolt per cavity foot peak r.f. gradient and strong focusing magnets alternating polarity at each drift tube.
- Limitations on Bore, Entering Beam, and Voltage Gradients in the Strong Focusing Linear Accelerator
- Engineering notes on limiting bore diameter, angular divergence in a linear accelerator.
- Monthly Progress Report No. 120 - March 15, 1953 To April 15, 1953
- Progress on projects on experimental physics, theoretical physics, MTA Target-Physics Program, accelerator construction and operation, chemistry, biology and medicine, plant and equipment.
- MTA Quarterly Progress Report - December, 1952, January, February, 1953
- Progress reports on Accelerator Development Program, High Frequency Program, beam dynamics in strong focusing linear accelerators, spiral beam buncher experiments, dynamical properties of Mark I, mechanical design, and Target Physics Program.
- Meson Production By High-Energy Neutrons
- The angular distribution of charged x mesons produced by 300 <x> 30 Mev neutrons on C12 and Be9 have been studied. An analysis of the kinematics for meson production in a nucleon-nucleon collision indicates a fairly well defined center-of-mass system.
- The Angular Distribution of the Reaction p + p--d + w+ at 338 Mev
- The angular distribution of the reaction p + p--w+ + d has been measured with the meson and deuteron detected in coincidence. Measurements were made at 30' and 90' in the center of mass system for an incident proton energy of 338 Mev. Similar measurements were made at 30', 60' and 90' for 332 Mev protons.
- Absolute Cross Sections of the Reaction P + P - w+ + d
- Absolute differential cross sections for the reaction p + p - w+ + d were obtained by detecting meson-deuteron coincidences produced by passing the 340-Mev external proton beam of the Berkeley synchro-cyclotron through a liquid hydrogen target.
- Chemistry Division Quarterly Report: December, 1952, January, February, 1953 - The Solubility of Hydrogen and Deuterium in Various Solvents
- In the past year, exploratory data have been taken to determine the relative solubilities of hydrogen and deuterium in various solvents in the vicinity of room temperature and atmospheric pressure. This investigation is one phase of a program to determine the feasibility of separating deuterium from hydrogen by means of rectified absorption.
- Note on the Decay of Rb82
- The purpose of this letter is to point out certain discrepancies between previous work on the decay of Rb82 (6.3 hour, B+, K-capture) and studies made recently at the University of California Radiation Laboratory.
- Multi-Channel Pulse Height Analyser
- Numerous articles have recently been published on nuclear pulse height analyses. This report describes an approach to the problem using existing scaling equipment (scale of 1024) as building blocks in a multi-channel pulse height analyzer.
- Studies in B- and Y-Ray Spectroscopy
- Energy determinations have been made using the conversion and photo electron spectra and scintillation crystal pulse height analysis for twelve y-rays associated with the Rb82 decay (6.3 hours, B+, K-capture). The B+ spectrum is found to contain four allowed components of maximum energies 1080, 890, 610 and 300 kev. A tentative decay scheme is suggested.
- Employment of the Spiral Orbit Spectrometer to Measure PIon Production Ratios by Proton Bombardment
- Plus-minus ratios for pion production by 340-Mev proton bombardment were measured at 13 Mev, 18 Mev, and 42 Mev with the use of the spiral orbit spectrometer.
- Physics Division Quarterly Report : November, December, 1952 and January, 1953
- Report on UCRL progress in general physics research and accelerator operation and development.
- Energy Spectrum of Deuterons Stripped From He3 and the Resultant Neutron Yield
- The attenuation curve of the deuterons stripped from He3 has been measured with a Faraday cup. The corresponding curve at 190 Mev was fit by assuming that the deuterons were monoenergetic, with three processes taking place.
- UCRL Lectures on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics: Lecture IX
- The field of mathematics which deals with the construction of charts representing mathematical laws is known as Nomography. Often it is necessary to repeatedly solve mathematical formulae, but with different values for the symbols involved. The manipulation of the formulae, or repeated constructions of graphs, may require considerable work, as well as carry with it the possibility of errors invalidating the results. In such a situation, the construction of a single chart which would serve for all the solutions would obviously be of considerable value.
- Medical and Health Physics Quarterly Report: October, November, and December, 1952
- Report of progress on the metabolic properties of various materials, biological studies of radiation effects, health chemistry and physics.
- The T3 (p, y) He4 Reaction
- The excitation function for the reaction T3 (p, y) He4 has been extended to proton energies of 7.3 Mev. No experimental evidence is found for a resonance in the reaction up to this energy of bombarding protons.
- Evidence For The Angular Distribution of Negative Pions Produced in n-n Collisions
- The angular distribution of charged pions from 100 = 30 Mev neutron bombardment of C12 and Be9 has been measured. These data may be used to infer, by subtraction, the identity, within limits, of the [formula] and [formula] angular distributions.
- Recording Pulse Height Analyzer
- A graph plotting pulse height analyzer of compact size and moderate cost is described. The operation is simple and flexible, and the instrument is easy to maintain.
- Summary of Research Progress Meeting of December 4, 1952
- Research progress on projects: Landau Effect with 32 Mev Protons, n - p Scattering of "300" Mev Neutrons, Geologic History of the Earth's Magnetic Field.
- Chemistry Division Quarterly Report: September, October, November, 1952
- Quarterly progress report for the Chemistry Division of the University of California Radiation Laboratory: nuclear chemistry, bio-organic chemistry, metals and high temperature thermodynamics, basic chemistry, and chemical engineering.