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- Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (42nd). Administrative Report Including Technical Report Nos. 1254 to 1295
- Report includes the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics letter of submittal to the President, summaries of the committee's activities and research accomplished, bibliographies, and financial report.
- Investigations toward simplification of missile control systems
- Paper presenting three ideas regarding potential simplifications of missile-control systems in order to make them more reliable without sacrificing system performance. The three methods presented include an autorotating-vane spoiler, a bellows flap, and free controls. All are based on modified airplane control systems.
- Comparison of the performance of a helicopter-type ram-jet engine under various centrifugal loadings
- Report presenting an investigation of an 18-foot-radius helicopter rotor powered by tip-mounted ramjet engines in the helicopter test tower. The engine performance is compared with the performance determined in a previous investigation of a 9-foot-radius rotor with the same engines at similar speeds but with twice the centrifugal forces. Results regarding the propulsive characteristics, minimum specific fuel consumption and corresponding propulsive thrust, and operational characteristics are provided.
- Large-scale low-speed wind-tunnel tests of a model having a 60 degree delta horizontal canard control surface and wing to obtain static-longitudinal-stability and canard surface hinge-moment data
- Report presenting a wind-tunnel investigation of a model equipped with a 60 degree delta wing and a 60 degree delta horizontal all-movable canard control surface to determine the stability, control, and canard-surface hinge-moment characteristics at low speeds and at a Reynolds number of 9 x 10(exp 6). Two longitudinal positions of the canard surface were tested. Results regarding lift and pitching moment, drag, and hinge moment are provided.
- Wind-Tunnel Investigation to Determine the Horizontal- and Vertical-Tail Contributions to the Static Lateral Stability Characteristics of a Complete-Model Swept-Wing Configuration at High Subsonic Speeds
- Results regarding an investigation to determine the horizontal- and vertical-tail contributions to the static lateral stability of a complete-model swept-wing configuration at high subsonic speeds. Generally, Mach number effects within the range studied and wing effects on the tail contribution were small and the overall trends of the data of the present investigation agreed with those which have been established at low speeds.
- Reciprocity relations in aerodynamics
- From Introduction: "The purpose of the present paper is twofold. First, a close connection will be established between reverse-flow theorems in subsonic and supersonic, steady-state wing theory and known reciprocity relations between two solutions of the equation the flow field."
- Rocket-Model Investigation to Determine the Hinge-Moment and Normal-Force Properties of a Full-Span, Constant-Chord, Partially Balanced Trailing-Edge Control on a 60 Degree Clipped Delta Wing Between Mach Numbers of 0.50 and 1.26
- Report presenting a free-flight investigation of a rocket-powered research model to determine the hinge-moment and normal-force characteristics of a trailing-edge control on a delta wing between Mach numbers of 0.50 and 1.26. The hinge-line location of 40 percent control chord satisfactorily reduced the high hinge moments associated with plain flap-type controls. Results regarding hinge moments and normal force are provided.
- A pressure-distribution investigation of a fineness-ratio-12.2 parabolic body of revolution (NACA RM-10) at M = 1.59 and angles of attack up to 36 degrees
- Report presenting a pressure-distribution investigation of a parabolic body of revolution with a fineness ratio of 12.2, which was performed in the 4- by 4-foot supersonic tunnel at Mach number 1.59 and Reynolds number 3.6 x 10(sub 6), based on body length, for a range of angles of attack. Results regarding basic pressures, aerodynamic coefficients, asymmetrical pressures, comparison of experimental and theoretical pressures, artificial roughness, section coefficients, and body coefficients are provided.
- A study of the use of various high-lift devices on the horizontal tail of a canard airplane model as a means of increasing the allowable center-of-gravity travel
- Report presenting an investigation to study the use of various high-lift devices on the horizontal tail of a canard airplane model as a means of increasing the allowable center-of-gravity travel. The results indicated that the large increases in allowable center-of-gravity travel could be obtained using the devices. Results regarding the basic aerodynamic data, effect of tail configuration on the allowable center-of-gravity travel, and a comparison of measured and predicted values of the allowable center-of-gravity travel are provided.
- The Effects of a Small Jet of Air Exhausting From the Nose of a Body of Revolution in Supersonic Flow
- Report presenting the results of an investigation to determine the effects of a small jet of air exhausting from the nose of an elliptical body of revolution upon boundary-layer transition and the viscous, pressure, and total drag of the forebody at three body stations at Mach number 1.62. The jet effects on body pressure, pressure variations, boundary-layer transition, and total drag are provided.
- A Low-Speed Experimental Investigation of the Effect of a Sandpaper Type of Roughness on Boundary-Layer Transition
- Report describing the effects of an area of roughness on the velocity and turbulence measurements of an airfoil. It details the effects of the size, location, and height of the roughness on the Reynolds number. From Summary: "An investigation was made in the Langley low-turbulence pressure tunnel to determine the effect of size and location of a sandpaper type of roughness on the Reynolds number for transition."
- A Comparison of Theory and Experiment for High-Speed Free-Molecule Flow
- Comparison of free-molecule-flow theory with the results of wind-tunnel tests performed to determine the drag and temperature-rise characteristics of a transverse circular cylinder.
- Two-dimensional subsonic compressible flows past arbitrary bodies by the variational method
- Instead of solving the nonlinear differential equation which governs the compressible flow, an approximate method of solution by means of the variational method is used. The general problem of steady irrotational flow past an arbitrary body is formulated. Two examples were carried out, namely, the flow past a circular cylinder and the flow past a thin curved surface. The variational method yields results of velocity and pressure distributions which compare excellently with those found by existing methods. These results indicate that the variational method will yield good approximate solution for flow past both thick and thin bodies at both high and low Mach numbers.
- Investigation of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of the NACA RM-10 Missile (With Fins) at a Mach Number of 1.62 in the Langley 9-Inch Supersonic Tunnel
- Report presenting an investigation of a fin-stabilized scale model of the NACA RM-10 missile at a Mach number of 1.62. Measurements were made of the lift, drag, and pitching moment of the finned body over a range of angles of attack. Comparisons with the results from other testing facilities are also provided.
- Icing-Protection Requirements for Reciprocating-Engine Induction Systems
- Report presenting an investigation of the icing of aircraft-engine induction systems. Criterions for safe operation and for the design of new induction system are established through the investigation. The results were obtained from laboratory investigations of carburetor-supercharger combinations, wind-tunnel investigations of air scoops, multicylinder-engine studies, and flight investigations.
- An experimental study of five annular air inlet configurations at subsonic and transonic speeds
- Report presenting an investigation of an NACA 1-80-100 nose inlet fitted alternately with an elliptical, a parabolic, a 14 degree-inch conical, and a 22 degree-inch conical central body at subsonic and transonic speeds in the 8-foot transonic tunnel. Drag, surface-pressure, and pressure-recovery measurements were obtained at 0 degrees angle of attack through a range of Mach numbers. Results regarding tunnel boundary interference, surface-pressure distribution, external drag, pressure recovery, and propulsive thrust comparison are provided.
- Transonic Wind-Tunnel Tests of the Launch, Jettison, and Longitudinal Characteristics of an Airplane and Missile Model Combination
- Report presenting tests of an airplane model equipped with missiles to investigate the capability of that combination to achieve satisfactory launching and jettisoning of the missiles. Information about pylon modifications, missiles in launch positions, missile trajectory, and missiles in jettison positions is provided.
- Theoretical Analysis of the Interference Effects of Several Supersonic Tunnel Walls Capable of Absorbing the Shock Caused by the Nose of a Model
- Memorandum presenting a theoretical analysis of the supersonic flow about two-dimensional and three-dimensional axially symmetric models restricted by theoretical walls capable of removing the nose shock. Results regarding the supersonic-tunnel interference due to nonreflecting walls and supersonic-tunnel interference due to porous walls are provided.
- Some Effects of Aileron Deflection on the Static Lateral and Directional Aerodynamic Characteristics of Four Contemporary Airplane Models
- Memorandum presenting some effects of aileron deflection on the static lateral and directional aerodynamic characteristics of four airplane models which are representative of aircraft capable of flight at supersonic speeds. The results are presented for subsonic Mach numbers ranging from 0.60 to 0.90 and for supersonic Mach numbers ranging from 1.20 to 1.90. They are limited to the most pertinent aerodynamic effects of ailerons contributing to the lateral and directional characteristics of each airplane type.
- Preliminary Analysis of a Nuclear Powered Supersonic Airplane Using Ramjet Engines
- Report discussing performance estimates for several airplanes using General Electric AC-210 ramjet nuclear-powered engines. Assumptions used for designing the engines, radiation shield, and airframe are described. Potential tradeoffs in regards to power and weight reduction are also discussed.
- Aerodynamic Characteristics of a 45 Degree Swept Wing Fighter Airplane Model and Aerodynamic Loads on Adjacent Stores and Missiles at Mach Numbers of 1.57, 1.87, 2.16, and 2.53
- Report discussing tests to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of a model of a 45 degree swept-wing fighter airplane and to determine the loads on attached stores and detached missiles. An investigation into aileron-spoiler effectiveness, aileron hinge moments, and the effects of wing modifications of aerodynamic characteristics was also carried out at various Mach numbers. Results are presented, but caution is provided in regards to extrapolating results from the model onto a full-scale aircraft.
- Turbine Failure Investigation of J65-W-4 Turbojet Engine in an Altitude Test Chamber
- Memorandum presenting an altitude investigation to determine the basic mechanism by which J65-W-4 turbine rotor-blade failures were occurring in service. The engine was installed in an altitude test chamber and a series of controlled engine throttle bursts, with and without inlet-air distortion, over a range of altitudes, flight Mach numbers, and inlet-air temperatures. An examination of the data obtained during the investigation indicated that the danger of turbine failure could be eliminated without any appreciable sacrifice in engine acceleration time.
- Free Flight Investigation at Transonic Speeds of the Power-on Characteristics Including Some Effects of Sonic Propulsive Jets of a Four Engine Delta Wing Configuration
- Report discussing a model of a delta-wing configuration with four engines mounted two to a nacelle below the wing that was tested a variety of Mach numbers and Reynolds numbers. The wing static-pressure coefficients, wing pressure coefficients, and lift coefficient of different configurations are described.
- Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Missiles Launched Under Water
- Report presenting some of the hydrodynamic problems associated with launching an air missile from underwater. The results of an experiment with models are also provided, including deviation angle, effect of forward speed of the submarine, curved path of the missile, and potential environmental disruptions.
- A Preliminary Investigation of the Performance of a Short Length Turbojet Combustor Using Vaporized Hydrocarbon Fuels
- "Two short turbojet combustors designed for use with vaporized hydrocarbon fuels were tested in a one-quarter annular duct. The experimental combustors consisted of many small "swirl-can" combustor elements manifolded together. This design approach allowed the secondary mixing zone to be considerably reduced over that of conventional combustors" (p. 1).
- Heat-Exchanger-Core Weights for Use With Hydrogen-Expansion Turbine
- Memorandum presenting an analysis of probable heat-exchanger weights for stationary and rotary regenerator heat exchangers for use in a hydrogen-expansion turbine engine. This is because rotary regenerators offer possibilities for a considerably lighter heat-exchanger core, possibly one-fourth that of the stationary regenerators.
- Altitude chamber evaluation of an aircraft liquid hydrogen fuel system used with a turbojet engine
- From Introduction: "The objective of this report are (1) to describe the complete fuel system, (2) to discuss the procedure used for transitions between JP-4 fuel and hydrogen, and (3) to present and discuss engine performance obtained with both fuels, and (4) to review the reliability of the fuel system."
- Hydrogen for Turbojet and Ramjet Powered Flight
- Memorandum presenting various reports regarding the use of hydrogen for turbojet and ramjet powered flight. Some of the characteristics considered include the combustion properties, potential fueling problems, and flight experience with hydrogen on-board.
- High Altitude Performance Investigation of J65-B-3 Turbojet Engine With Both JP-4 and Gaseous Hydrogen Fuels
- Memorandum presenting an investigation to determine the performance of the J65-B-3 turbojet engine with JP-4 and gaseous-hydrogen fuels. With JP-4 fuel, the maximum altitude for stable combustion was from about 60,000 to 65,000 feet, and the ultimate blowout limit was at an altitude of about 75,000 feet. The steady-state performance with either fuel decreased considerably with increasing altitude.
- Analysis of turbojet and ram-jet engine cycles using various fuels
- From Introduction: "These data have been collected for presentation in this report to illustrate the performance of turbojet and ram-jet cycles utilizing several of the more promising high-energy fuels. Results are presented in terms of engine over-all efficiency and thrust per pound of airflow as functions of flight Mach number."
- Experimental Investigation of Diffuser Pressure Ratio Control With Shock Positioning Limit on 28 Inch Ram-Jet Engine
- Report presenting an investigation of the performance of a diffuser static-pressure-ratio control with a normal shock-positioning limit on a ramjet engine installed in an altitude free-jet facility. Testing occurred at Mach numbers of 2.35 and 2.50, altitudes of 50,000, 60,000 and 65,000 feet, and angles of attack of 0 and 7 degrees. Results regarding the effects of control constants, effects of disturbance size and operating point, effects of flight conditions, and control limitations and possible improvements are provided.
- Experimental Evaluation of Swirl Can Elements for Hydrogen Fuel Combustor
- Memorandum presenting a study of the performance of swirl-can combustor elements for an experimental short-length turbojet combustor utilizing hydrogen fuel at high-altitude operating conditions. Fuel was injected into each element through a tangential, sonic orifice that created a swirling fuel-air mixture within each element. Results regarding combustor blowout, combustion efficiency, outlet temperature distribution, and preliminary performance of multielement combustor are provided.
- Design and performance of flight-type liquid-hydrogen heat exchanger
- Report presenting an investigation of a liquid-hydrogen fuel system developed to operate one of the turbojet engines in a twin-engine light bomber at an altitude of 50,000 feet and Mach number 0.75. The heat exchanger was evaluated in an altitude test chamber in conjunction with the complete aircraft fuel system. Results regarding calculated heat-exchanger performance, experimental heat-exchanger performance, and reliability are provided.
- Design and Performance of Fuel Control for Aircraft Hydrogen Fuel System
- Memorandum presenting the system analysis, design, and performance of a control system for an experimental flight-type hydrogen fuel system. The fuel system was designed to investigate some of the problems associated with the utilization of hydrogen as an aircraft fuel. Speed control of the engine was obtained by coupling the hydrogen regulator to the JP-4 fuel control.
- Flight Investigation of a Liquid Hydrogen Fuel System
- Memorandum presenting testing of a twin-engine light bomber modified to utilize hydrogen fuel in one of the two engines during flight at an altitude of 50,000 feet. Three completely successful flights were made using hydrogen fuel. Data are presented to show the effect of tank agitation on fuel pressure and fuel losses.
- NACA Conference on High-Speed Aerodynamics: A Compilation of Papers Presented
- A reproduction of the technical papers presented by staff members of the NACA Laboratories at the NACA Conference on High-Speed Aerodynamics at the Ames Aeronautical Laboratory during March 18-20, 1958. The primary purpose of the conference was to convey to military services and contractors the results of recent research and to provide an opportunity to discuss the results.
- NACA Conference on Aircraft Loads, Structures, and Flutter
- "This document contains reproductions of technical papers on some of the most recent research results on aircraft loads, flutter, and structures from the NACA laboratories. These papers were presented by members of the staff of the NACA laboratories at the Conference held at the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory March 5, 6, and 7, 1957. The primary purpose of this Conference was to convey to contractors of the military services and others concerned with the design of aircraft these recent research results and to provide those attending an opportunity to discuss the results" (p. 6).
- Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a 1/60-Scale Model of the Republic MX-1554 Airplane at a Mach Number of 2.85
- Report presenting the results of an investigation to determine the static longitudinal and lateral stability and control characteristics of a model of the Republic MX-1554 airplane at a specified Mach and Reynolds number. No analysis was provided in the paper in order to expedite publication.
- Comparison of High-Speed Operating Characteristics of Size 215 Cylindrical-Roller Bearings as Determined in Turbojet Engine and in Laboratory Test Rig
- A comparison of the operating characteristics of 75-millimeter-bore (size 215) cylindrical-roller one-piece inner-race-riding cage-type bearings was made by means of a laboratory test rig and a turbojet engine. Cooling correlation parameters were determined by means of dimensional analysis, and the generalized results for both the inner- and the outer-race bearing operating temperatures are computed for the laboratory test rig and the turbojet engine. A method is given that enables the designer to predict the inner- and outer-race turbine roller-bearing temperatures from single curves, regardless of variations in speed, load, oil flow, oil inlet temperature, oil inlet viscosity, oil-jet diameter, or any combination of these parameters.
- Wind-Tunnel Investigation at Low Speed of a Wing Having 63 Degree Sweepback and a Drooped Tip
- From Summary: "The results of force tests made at low speed are presented to show the effect of longitudinal static stability produced by drooping the tip of a 63 degree sweptback wing. Five semispan wing models were tested: two incorporated curved drooped tips, two with abruptly drooped tips, and one without droop. The most favorable stability characteristics were measured for a model with an abruptly drooped tip, a fence, and a leading-edge flap; however, the use of these same auxiliary devices on the undrooped wing was nearly as effective."
- Development of a new flutter testing technique using a towed dynamic airplane model equipped with an automatic stabilizing system: Experimental and calculated dynamic stability characteristics for speeds up to 200 mph
- Report presenting testing of a towed airplane model in the 19-foot pressure tunnel in conjunction with the development of a flutter testing technique. The model was equipped with an autopilot to keep the model flying straight and level in the tunnel while restrained only in drag. Results regarding period and cycles to damp to half amplitude, time histories, and motions of the flexible wing model are provided.
- Simulator studies of a simple homing system
- Report presenting simulator studies of a homing missile pursuing a constant-velocity nonmaneuvering target. The missile dynamics in pitch and roll, seeker method of deflection and control, and the missile-target geometry were simulated to determine whether the method of control and detection in conjunction with the missile dynamics were feasible.
- An Investigation of Loads on Ailerons at Transonic Speeds
- "Some aileron load characteristics for three thin wings varying in sweep have been presented for Mach numbers from 0.80 to 1.05. For the transonic Mach number range, shock effects exert a large influence on the loading, but the exact location of each shock for a specific wing design cannot be cataloged at the present time. It is shown, however, that the aileron loading, although greater in magnitude than at subsonic speeds, nevertheless varies in as uniform a fashion as at subsonic speeds" (p. 1).
- Wind-Tunnel Investigation at Low Speed of Sideslipping, Rolling, Yawing, and Pitching Characteristics for a Model of a 45 Degree Swept-Wing Fighter-Type Airplane
- Report presenting an investigation in the stability tunnel at low speed to determine the rolling characteristics at combined angles of attack and sideslip for a model of a fighter-type airplane with a 45 degree sweptback wing. Testing was performed with the original vertical tail and a vertical tail with a 27 percent larger exposed area. Results regarding the static longitudinal stability, directional stability, and effect of the different tails are presented.
- An Experimental Investigation of the Flow Phenomena Over Bodies at High Angles of Attack at a Mach Number of 2.01
- Report presenting an investigation in the supersonic pressure tunnel at Mach number 2.01 to study the wake patterns in the lee of bodies at high angles of attack. The configurations tested consisted of two cylindrical body shapes, one circular and one elliptical in cross section, with a fineness-ratio-3.5 ogival nose and a fineness-ratio-6 conical nose. Results regarding vapor-screen photographs, wake characteristics, wake patterns, wake characteristics, and testing with transition strips are included.
- Wing-load measurements at supersonic speeds of the Douglas D-558-II research airplane
- From Summary: "Flight measurements of the aerodynamic wing loads on the D-558-II airplane have been made in the Mach number range from 1.0 to 2.0. Nonlinear wing-panel characteristics occurred with variations in angle of attack. These nonlinear characteristics were apparent primarily at the lower supersonic speeds."
- Statistical measurements of landing contact conditions of the Boeing B-47 airplane
- Report presenting a determination of the landing contact conditions of the Boeing B-47 airplane using a specially built motion picture camera. A statistical analysis of the sinking speeds and horizontal speeds was carried out on the photographs.
- Modified tubular combustor as high-temperature gas generators
- A pair of combustors and transition liners in a quarter-annular, direct-connect assembly was operated at temperatures up to 2400 degrees F to determine the feasibility of using production-type combustor systems as high-tmeperature gas generators for turbine-cooling studies. Operation at high temperatures for 32 hours was possible when minor liner modifications were made that provided greater cooling-air flow between the turbine casing and interior components.
- An experimental investigation of the unsteady lift induced on a wing in the downwash field of an oscillating canard control surface
- Report presenting the results of an experimental investigation of the unsteady lift induced on a wing in the downwash field of an oscillating canard control surface. The results indicated that existing theories provide a reliable guide for the estimation of the magnitude of the lift derivatives and centers of pressure at low values of reduced frequency and low angles of attack.
- Estimation of Incremental Pitching Moments Due to Trailing-Edge Flaps on Swept and Triangular Wings
- Report presenting a method by which incremental pitching moments can be estimated for swept and triangular wings with arbitrary types of trailing-edge high-lift flaps. Span-loading theory is combined with two-dimensional airfoil data adjusted for the effects of sweep. Application of the method is demonstrated for 58 cases covering various types of flaps on wings with a wide range of sweep, aspect ratio, and taper ratio.