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An Acceleration Schedule Control for Accelerating a Turbojet Engine and Its Use With a Speed Control
Memorandum presenting a study of an acceleration-limiting control on a turbojet engine in order to determine its feasibility as an acceleration control. A proportional-plus-integral type of controller was used in the investigation. Results regarding the one-loop control and two-loop control are provided.
An Acceleration Schedule Control for Accelerating a Turbojet Engine and Its Use With a Speed Control
Memorandum presenting an acceleration-limiting control used on a turbojet engine to study the feasibility of its use as an acceleration control. A proportional-plus-integral type of controller was used in this investigation. Results regarding one-loop control and two-loop control are provided.
Accelerations in Transport-Airplane Crashes
From Introduction: "A study of crash-impact survival in light airplanes is reported in references 1 and 2. A similar study for fighter airplanes is reported in reference 3. This report discusses crash-impact survival in transport airplanes."
Acoustic, thrust, and drag characteristics of several full-scale noise suppressors for turbojet engines
From Introduction: " Considerable analytical and experimental research has been done to find means of reducing the noise levels of the turbojet transports. Noise levels can be decreased by engine redesign to reduce the jet-exit velocity (ref. 1), proper flight-climb techniques (ref. 2), and the use of noise-suppression exhaust nozzles (refs. 3 to 5). The present report is concerned with the last method."
The adhesion of molten boron oxide to various materials
This report includes the description and results of an experiment evaluating the amount of adhesion existing between the liquid boron oxide and various materials used in engines.
Aerodynamic and inlet-flow-field characteristics at a free-stream Mach number of 3.0 for airplanes with circular fuselage cross sections and for two engine locations
Report presenting an experimental investigation of several airplane configurations at Mach 3.0 in a continuous flow tunnel. The configurations had circular fuselage cross sections and a sweptback wing and either two nacelles or two side inlets.
Aerodynamic Characteristics at a Mach Number of 6.8 of Two Hypersonic Missile Configurations, One With Low-Aspect-Ratio Cruciform Fins and Trailing-Edge Flaps and One With a Flared Afterbody and All-Movable Controls
Report presenting an investigation to determine the aerodynamic characteristics in pitch at a Mach number of 6.8 of hypersonic missile configurations with cruciform trailing-edge flaps and all-movable control surfaces. Testing indicated that all-movable controls on the flared-afterbody model should be capable of producing much larger values of trim lift and of normal acceleration than the trailing-edge-flap configuration. Some of the configurations tested include body alone, body with 5 degree fins and trailing-edge flaps, and body with 10 degree flare and all-movable controls.
Aerodynamic Characteristics at a Mach Number of 6.8 of Two Hypersonic Missile Configurations, One With Low-Aspect-Ratio Cruciform Fins and Trailing-Edge Flaps and One With a Flared Afterbody and All-Movable Controls
Report discussing an investigation to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of hypersonic missile configurations with cruciform trailing-edge flaps with all-movable control surfaces. The all-movable controls were found to produce much larger values of trim lift and normal acceleration than the trailing-edge-flap configuration.
Aerodynamic characteristics at Mach numbers 2.36 and 2.87 of an airplane configuration having a cambered arrow wing with a 75 degree swept leading edge
From Introduction: "The results obtained in the wind-tunnel tests at Mach numbers 2.36 and 2.87 for several configurations utilizing this wing, including results on the wing alone are presented."
Aerodynamic Characteristics at Mach Numbers From 2.5 to 3.5 of a Canard Bomber Configuration Designed for Supersonic Cruise Flight
Report presenting an investigation of a canard-type configuration designed for supersonic cruise flight in the Unitary Plan wind tunnel. Tests were conducted over a range of angles of attack and angles of sideslip. Results regarding the effect of forebody configuration, effects of Reynolds number and transition, effect of canard and elevon deflection, and effect of vertical surfaces are provided.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of a 45 Degree Swept Wing Fighter Airplane Model and Aerodynamic Loads on Adjacent Stores and Missiles at Mach Numbers of 1.57, 1.87, 2.16, and 2.53
Report discussing tests to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of a model of a 45 degree swept-wing fighter airplane and to determine the loads on attached stores and detached missiles. An investigation into aileron-spoiler effectiveness, aileron hinge moments, and the effects of wing modifications of aerodynamic characteristics was also carried out at various Mach numbers. Results are presented, but caution is provided in regards to extrapolating results from the model onto a full-scale aircraft.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of a 45 Degree Swept-Wing Fighter-Airplane Model and Aerodynamic Loads on Adjacent Stores and Missiles at Mach Numbers of 1.57, 1.87, 2.16, and 2.53
Memorandum presenting an investigation in the Unitary Plan wind tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of a model of a 45 degree swept-wing fighter airplane, and to determine the loads on attached stores and detached missiles in the presence of the model. Results also included a determination of aileron-spoiler effectiveness, aileron hinge moments, and the effects of wing modifications on model aerodynamic characteristics. The results are presented with minimum analysis.
Aerodynamic characteristics of a canard and an outboard-tail airplane model at a Mach number of 2.01
From Introduction: "In order to obtain some insight into the relative merits of canard and outboard-tail control systems at supersonic speeds, a preliminary investigation of a generalized canard and outboard-tail model has been conducted in the Langley 4- by 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel at a Mach number of 2.01 and the results are presented herein."
Aerodynamic characteristics of several jet-spoiler controls on a 45 degree sweptback wing at Mach numbers of 1.61 and 2.01
Report presenting an investigation in the supersonic pressure tunnel at two Mach numbers to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of several jet-spoiler controls on a wing having a 45 degree sweepback of the quarter-chord line, an aspect ratio of 3.5, a taper ratio of 0.3, and an NACA 65A005 airfoil section. Testing indicated that the jet-spoiler effectiveness increased with increasing angle of attack and correlated well with the momentum of jet flow.
Aerodynamic Effects Caused by Icing of an Unswept NACA 65A004 Airfoil
From Summary: "The effects of ice formations on the section lift, drag, and pitching-moment coefficients of an unswept NACA 65A004 airfoil section of 6-foot chord were studied.. The magnitude of the aerodynamic penalties was primarily a function of the shape and size of the ice formation near the leading edge of the airfoil. The exact size and shape of the ice formations were determined photographically and found to be complex functions of the operating and icing conditions."
Aerodynamic Heating of Blunt Nose Shapes at Mach Numbers Up to 14
From Introduction: "The importance of blunt noses as a means of reducing the heat transfer to high velocity missiles has recently received much publicity. The question of just what blunt shape is best is still moot, and it is the purpose of this paper to present and examine some recent experimental results which may throw some light on this problem."
Aerodynamic heating of blunt nose shapes at Mach numbers up to 14
From Introduction: "The importance of blunt noses as a means of reducing the heat transfer to high velocity missiles has recently received much publicity. The question of just what blunt shape is best is still moot, and it is the purpose of this paper to present and examine some recent experimental results which may throw some light on the problem."
Aerodynamic Load Distribution on a 45 Degree Sweptback Wing With Leading-Edge Chord-Extensions at Transonic Speeds, Including Effects of a Spoiler-Slot-Deflector Aileron
Report discussing the aerodynamic loading characteristics of a 45 degree sweptback wing with leading-edge chord extensions, including the effects of a spoiler-slot-deflector aileron. The wing section loading, wing-panel loading, and chord-extension loading are described.
Aerodynamic Performance and Static Stability and Control of Flat-Top Hypersonic Gliders at Mach Numbers From 0.6 to 18
Memorandum presenting a study of aerodynamic performance and static stability and control at hypersonic speeds. In the first part of the study, the effect of interference lift is investigated by tests of asymmetric models with conical fuselages and arrow plan-form wings. In the second part, the aerodynamic performance and static stability and control characteristics of a hypersonic glider are investigated in somewhat greater detail.
Aerodynamic Performance and Static Stability and Control of Flat-Top Hypersonic Gliders at Mach Numbers From 0.6 to 18
Report presenting a study of the aerodynamic performance and static stability and control at hypersonic speed using flat-top hypersonic gliders.
Aerodynamic Research on Fuselages with Rectangular Cross Section
The influence of the deflected flow caused by the fuselage (especially by unsymmetrical attitudes) on the lift and the rolling moment due to sideslip has been discussed for infinitely long fuselages with circular and elliptical cross section. The aim of this work is to add rectangular cross sections and, primarily, to give a principle by which one can get practically usable contours through simple conformal mapping. In a few examples, the velocity field in the wing region and the induced flow produced are calculated and are compared with corresponding results from elliptical and strictly rectangular cross sections.
Altitude Performance of the Afterburner on the Iroquois Turbojet Engine. Coord. No. AF-P-6
"The performance and operational characteristics of two afterburner configurations for the Iroquois turbojet engine were evaluated in an altitude test chamber over a range of afterburner equivalence ratios at afterburner-inlet pressures from 733 to 3186 pounds per square foot absolute. These conditions correspond to an altitude range from 38,700 to 66,800 feet at a flight Mach number of 1.5. The only difference between the two afterburner configurations was in the pattern of afterburner fuel injection. At an afterburner-inlet pressure of approximately 3100 pounds per square foot absolute, corresponding to an altitude of 38,700 feet and a flight Mach number of 1.5, the combustion efficiency of both configurations reached peak values of 0.80 to 0.85 at equivalence ratios of 0.35 to 0.40" (p. 1).
An Analog Study of the Influence of Internal Modifications to a Wing Leading Edge on Its Transient Temperature Rise During Highspeed Flight
Memorandum presenting an investigation made with an electrical heat-flow analog to determine the effect of internal modifications to a wing leading edge on the surface-temperature rise and temperature distribution for conditions of transient aerodynamic heating at high supersonic speeds. Results regarding the leading-edge temperature rise, influence of conduction on leading-edge temperature for skins of uniform thickness, and surface-temperature distribution are provided.
Analysis of effects of interceptor roll performance and maneuverability on success of collision-course attacks
From Introduction: "In the present paper, calculations are presented to show the relative effects of wide variations in the roll performance and normal-accleration capability. Brief analyses are also included to show the effect on the success of attacks of other design factors such as speed and radar range."
Analysis of Flight-Determined and Predicted Effects of Flexibility on the Steady-State Wing Loads of the B-52 Airplane
Memorandum presenting an investigation of the steady-state wing loads conducted on a Boeing B-52 airplane over a range of Mach numbers and altitudes. Results regarding flight tests and air-load calculations are provided.
Analysis of flight-determined and predicted effects of flexibility on the steady-state wing loads of the B-52 airplane
From Introduction: "This paper presents the results obtained during the phase of the B-52 flight investigation concerned with the steady-state wing loads. Where possible, the effects of Mach number and flexibility on the measured load are analyzed and presented."
Analysis of harmonic forces produced at hub by imbalances in helicopter rotor blades
From Introduction: "First, an analysis of loads transmitted to the hub by balanced blades will be given. In the second section, the additional loads transmitted to the hub in a direction normal to the plane of rotation of the blades by imbalances in a rotor are derived. In the entire analysis, the results are given in terms of the forces transmitted to the hub by a single rotating helicopter blade in flight, and these are regarded as known or given."
Analysis of pressure data obtained at transonic speeds on a thin low-aspect-ratio cambered delta wing-body combination
From Introduction: "Wind-tunnel and flight tests have shown that conical leading-edge camber on a thin low-aspect-ratio delta wing results in increasing the lift-drag ratio at transonic and low supersonic speeds (refs. 1 and 2). References 3 and 4 present the results of two previous investigations of this general program. A more detailed analysis of the pressure distributions of reference 5 is presented herein in terms of total section loads and overall wing-body characteristics."
Analysis of pressure distributions for a series of tip and trailing-edge controls on a 60 deg wing at Mach numbers of 1.61 and 2.01
Report presenting an investigation at Mach numbers of 1.61 and 2.01 to determine the pressure distributions for a series of 20 controls on a 60 degree delta wing. Tests occurred at a range of angles of attack and control deflections. Results regarding basic pressure distributions, comparison of experimental and theoretical results, and experimental comparisons are provided.
Analysis of pressure distributions for a series of tip and trailing-edge controls on a 60 degree delta wing at Mach numbers of 1.61 and 2.01
Report presenting an investigation at two Mach numbers to determine the pressure distributions for a series of 20 controls on a 60 degree delta wing. Thirteen controls were of the balanced tip type and seven of the controls were of the more conventional trailing-edge type. Results regarding the basic pressure distributions, comparison of experimental and theoretical results, and some experimental comparisons are provided.
An Analysis of Ramjet Engines Using Supersonic Combustion
From Introduction: "The concept of supersonic combustion is by no means new, although little work appears to have been published on the subject. For example, an analysis of supersonic combustion to provide lift under a wing is given in reference 1. Reference 2 discusses applications to hypersonic ramjets being studied at the University of Michigan."
Analysis of stresses and deflections in a disk subjected to gyroscopic forces
From Summary: "Results are presented in dimensionless form suitable for design purposes. The method for solving the problem of a disk of variable thickness with a temperature gradient is also presented."
An analysis of surface pressures and aerodynamic load distribution over the swept wing of the Douglas D-558-II research airplane at Mach numbers from 0.73 to 1.73
Report presenting the wing-section pressure-distribution and wing-panel load characteristics of the Douglas D-558-II airplane for a range of Mach numbers and airplane normal-force coefficients. At subsonic speeds, the pressure distributions are characterized by a high negative-pressure peak with an abrupt pressure recovery as a result of the leading-edge expansion over the upper surface at moderate angles of attack.
Analysis of the Creep Behavior of a Square Plate Loaded in Edge Compression
From Introduction: "In reference 1 results of creep tests and empirical method for predicting collapse times are presented for plates loaded in compression on two opposite edges and with the remaining edges unloaded and supported in V-groove fixtures. Other approximate methods for handling plates having types of edge support are suggested in reference 2; however, experimental verification for these methods is quite limited. In reference 3 an analysis based on small-deflection theory is made of the creep deflection of a simply supported plate composed of a linear viscoelastic material - that is, a material in which the stress and strain and their appropriate time derivatives are related in a linear fashion."
An Analysis of the Optimization of a Beam Rider Missile System
"The paper begins with a discussion of the optimum system and the corresponding minimum error. A brief discussion of this miss as a function of the parameters which determine it is then given" (p. 2).
An analysis of the turbulent boundary-layer characteristics on a flat plate with distributed light-gas injection
From Introduction: "The present paper is concerned with a transpiration cooling system in which the coolant passes through the surface it is protecting before entering the surrounding boundary layer. Analyses and experiments have been performed to determine the effect of distributed air transportation through flat surfaces over which air flows in turbulent boundary layer (refs. 2, 3, and 4)."
Analysis of transonic rotor-blade passage loss with hot-wire anemometers
From Introduction: "This report presents data from measurements of the flow in a single-stage research compressor, which supports the model of reference 1. A calculated shock technique similar to that of reference 1 is incorporated with these experimental results. Another approach for estimating passage shock loss given a flow rate and blade geometry was reported in reference 2."
Analysis of Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in Noncircular Passages
From Introduction: "In reference 1, wall temperature distributions for turbulent flow in rectangular and triangular ducts were calculated by using experimental velocity distributions and average heat-transfer coefficients, together with assumed similarity of the wall heat-transfer and wall shear-stress variations; no attempt was made to calculate either the heat-transfer coefficients or the velocity and temperature distributions in the fluid field. Some calculations of velocity and shear-stress distributions in corners are reported in reference 2."
Analysis of Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer on a Flat Plate at High Mach Numbers With Variable Fluid Properties
From Introduction: "In the turbulent case, however, the results of the various analyses disagree markedly because of the different assumptions made by various authors. These analyses are reviewed in references 1 to 3. The analysis is extended to flow and heat transfer in a boundary layer at high Mach numbers in this paper. (Some preliminary results were presented in ref. 11.)"
Analysis of two-stage counterrotating turbine efficiencies in terms of work and speed requirements
From Introduction: "This report represents an extension of the material presented in reference 4 to the case of the counterrotating turbine where the inter-stage stator is omitted and the second-stage rotor blade velocity is in the direction opposite to that of the first-stage rotor."
Analytical and experimental investigation of a temperature-schedule acceleration control for a turbojet engine
From Introduction: "This report investigates some of the problems involved in scheduling the tailpipe temperature to avoid stall during acceleration. The object of this report is to investigate the dynamics of a closed-loop acceleration control that follows a schedule of tailpipe temperature with rotor speed."
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Aerodynamic Forces and Moments on Low-Aspect-Ratio Wings Undergoing Flapping Oscillations
"Aerodynamic forces and moments associated with flapping oscillations of finite wings at low speeds are considered. A comparison of theoretical and experimental results is made for a rectangular wing of aspect ratio 2. Calculated results are also given for three tapered wings of aspect ratio 3 with varying amounts of sweepback" (p. 1).
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Temperature Recovery Factors for Fully Developed Flow of Air in a Tube
Note presenting an analysis made for predicting temperature recovery factors for fully developed flow in a tube. Most of the attention was confined to turbulent flow. Both analytical and experimental results are provided for the air flow.
Analytical investigation of acceleration restriction in a fighter airplane with an automatic control system
From Introduction: "In the present report, consideration is given to certain features intended to improve the accleration-limiting characteristics of a normal-accleration control system."
Analytical investigation of multistage-turbine efficiency characteristics in terms of work and speed requirements
From Introduction: "This report presents an analytical investigation of this aerodynamic interdependence in terms of the effect of variations in the turbine specific work output, blade speed, and stage number on turbine efficiency."
Analytical relation for wake momentum thickness and diffusion ratio for low-speed compressor
From Introduction: "The present report presents the derivation of a simple equation for blade-wake mometum thickness as a function of suction-surface diffusion ratio based on the one-dimensional boundary-layer mometum equation in conjunction with simplifying approximations."
An analytical study of turbulent and molecular mixing in rocket combustion
From Introduction: "The many physical processes which occur simultaneously in rocket combustion make the entire process extremely complex (ref. 1). The combustion chamber length required for evaporation of liquid-propellant sprays has already been studied (refs. 2, 3, and 4)."
Application of a high-temperature static strain gage to the measurement of thermal stresses in a turbine stator vane
From Introduction: "This report describes the high-temperature static strain gage and presents the results obtained in a determination of the thermal stresses in a turbine stator vane resulting from the temperature distribution obtained under steady-state conditions at rated speed and temperature of the engine."
Application of statistical theory to beam-rider guidance in the presence of noise 2: modified Wiener filter theory
Report presenting a study of the application of Newton's modification of the Wiener filter theory to optimize a beam-rider guidance system operating in the presence of glint noise.
Application of the Method of Coordinate Perturbation to Unsteady Duct Flow
The method of coordinate perturbation is applied to the unsteady flow of a compressible fluid in ducts of variable cross section. Solutions, in the form of perturbation series, are obtained for unsteady flows in ducts for which the logarithmic derivative of area variation with respect to the space coordinate is a function of the 'smallness' parameter of the perturbation series. This technique is applied to the problem of the interaction of a disturbance and a shock wave in a diffuser flow. It is found that, for a special choice of the function describing the disturbance, the path of the shock wave can be expressed in closed form to first order. The method is then applied to the determination of the flow field behind a shock wave moving on a prescribed path in the x,t-plane. Perturbation series solutions for quite general paths are developed. The perturbation series solutions are compared with the more exact solutions obtained by the application of the method of characteristics. The approximate solutions are shown to be in reasonably accurate agreement with the solutions obtained by the method of characteristics.
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