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open access

Agriculture in Afghanistan and Neighboring Asian Countries

Description: Agriculture (as measured by share of gross domestic product and employment) is a significant economic sector in seven Central and South Asian countries: Afghanistan, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. All of these countries are net food importers. Some have experienced successive years of drought, which has contributed to noticeable declines in agricultural output and the need to increase commodity imports. The United Nations’ World Food Program reports that b… more
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: Jurenas, Remy
open access

Arsenic in Drinking Water: Recent Regulatory Developments and Issues

Description: This report discusses issues regarding the arsenic’s health effects and how to reduce the uncertainty in assessing health risks associated with exposure to low levels of arsenic. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the current standard of 50 parts per billion (ppb) in 1975. . This report reviews EPA efforts to develop a new arsenic rule and summarizes key provisions and subsequent events.
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: Tiemann, Mary
open access

Dose Estimation from Daily and Weekly Dosimetry Data

Description: Statistical analyses of data from epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to radiation have been based on recorded annual radiation doses (yearly dose of record). It is usually assumed that the dose values are known exactly, although it is generally recognized that the data contain uncertainty due to measurement error and bias. In our previous work with weekly data, a probability distribution was used to describe an individual's dose during a specific period of time and statistical methods wer… more
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: Ostrouchov, G.
open access

Field Investigation to Determine the Extent of Sediment Recontamination at the United Heckathorn Superfund Site, Richmond, California

Description: This field investigation was undertaken to determine the present condition of sediment in Lauritzen Channel and Parr Canal approximately 2 years after completion of sediment remedial actions at the United Heckathorn Superfund site. The study was designed to supplement the post-remediation monitoring program by determining the extent and identifying potential sources of observed pesticide contamination in marine sediments near the site. Core samples collected from Lauritzen Channel and Parr Cana… more
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: Kohn, Nancy P. & Gilmore, Tyler J.
open access

FY02 I/O Integration Blueprint

Description: This document describes I/O focused requirements, issues, options, plans, deliverables and budgets for Livermore Computing (LC) in FY02. Areas covered include I/O for archival storage, network, platform, visualization and the I/O Testbed. Implementation Plan (IP) milestones and tasks in each of these areas map to the efforts and plans described in this document. When developing FY02 I/O requirements, a survey of key LC customers was performed (see Appendix A and D) and DisCom2 requirements were… more
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: Cupps, K.; Gary, M.; Fitzgerald, K.; Quinn, T.; Wiltzius, D.; Minuzzo, K. et al.
open access

Information Technology: State Department Led Overseas Modernization Program Faces Management Challenges

Description: A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "To promote U.S. interests in the face of rapid economic, political, technological, and environmental change, 24 federal agencies are engaged in foreign affairs activities at 255 overseas locations in 162 countries. The Department of State is responsible for coordinating and supporting federal agencies' international activities and providing a means for effective interagency information sharing. State is leadin… more
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
open access

Military Transformation: Army Has a Comprehensive Plan for Managing Its Transformation but Faces Major Challenges

Description: A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The Army has begun to transform itself into a more rapidly deployable and responsive force better able to meet the diverse defense challenges of the future. These far-reaching organizational and operational changes, which will affect virtually every aspect of the Army, will take decades to implement. Funding the transformation, from developing future combat systems to modernizing aging equipment, will be diffi… more
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
open access

Older Workers: Demographic Trends Pose Challenges for Employers and Workers

Description: A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The impending retirement of the "baby boom" generation is receiving considerable attention. The number of older workers will grow substantially during the next two decades, and they will become an increasingly significant share of the U.S. workforce. Although older workers are less likely than younger workers to lose a job, when they do lose a job, they are less likely than younger workers to find other employ… more
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
open access

Subsurface Contamination Control

Description: There are two objectives of this report, ''Subsurface Contamination Control''. The first is to provide a technical basis for recommending limiting radioactive contamination levels (LRCL) on the external surfaces of waste packages (WP) for acceptance into the subsurface repository. The second is to provide an evaluation of the magnitude of potential releases from a defective WP and the detectability of the released contents. The technical basis for deriving LRCL has been established in ''Retriev… more
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: Yuan, Y.
open access

TAN Hot Shop and Support Facility Utilization Study

Description: Impacts to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) complex caused by early closure (prior to 2018) and Demolition and Dismantlement (D and D) of the Test Area North (TAN) hot shop and its support facilities are explored in this report. Various possible conditions, such as Standby, Safe Store and Lay-up, that the facility may be placed in prior to eventually being turned over to D and D are addressed. The requirements, impacts, and implications to the facility and to the DOE Complex are discussed fo… more
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: Picker, B. A.
open access

Tritium Removal by Laser Heating and Its Application to Tokamaks

Description: A novel laser heating technique has recently been applied to removing tritium from carbon tiles that had been exposed to deuterium-tritium (DT) plasmas in the Tokamak Test Fusion Reactor (TFTR). A continuous wave neodymium laser, of power up to 300 watts, was used to heat the surface of the tiles. The beam was focused to an intensity, typically 8 kW/cm{sup 2}, and rapidly scanned over the tile surface by galvanometer-driven scanning mirrors. Under the laser irradiation, the surface temperature … more
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: Skinner, C. H.; Gentile, C. A.; Guttadora, G.; Carpe, A.; Langish, S.; Young, K. M. et al.
open access

Tritium Removal by Laser Heating and Its Application to Tokamaks

Description: A novel laser heating technique has recently been applied to removing tritium from carbon tiles that had been exposed to deuterium-tritium (DT) plasmas in the Tokamak Test Fusion Reactor (TFTR). A continuous wave neodymium laser, of power up to 300 watts, was used to heat the surface of the tiles. The beam was focused to an intensity, typically 8 kW/cm{sup 2}, and rapidly scanned over the tile surface by galvanometer-driven scanning mirrors. Under the laser irradiation, the surface temperature … more
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: Skinner, C. H.; Gentile, C. A.; Guttadora, G.; Carpe, A.; Langish, S.; Young, K. M. et al.
open access

Tritium Removal by Laser Heating and Its Application to Tokamaks

Description: A novel laser heating technique has recently been applied to removing tritium from carbon tiles that had been exposed to deuterium-tritium (DT) plasmas in the Tokamak Test Fusion Reactor (TFTR). A continuous wave neodymium laser, of power up to 300 watts, was used to heat the surface of the tiles. The beam was focused to an intensity, typically 8 kW/cm{sup 2}, and rapidly scanned over the tile surface by galvanometer-driven scanning mirrors. Under the laser irradiation, the surface temperature … more
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: Skinner, C. H.; Gentile, C. A.; Guttadora, G.; Carpe, A.; Langish, S.; Young, K. M. et al.
open access

Tritium Removal by Laser Heating and Its Application to Tokamaks

Description: A novel laser heating technique has recently been applied to removing tritium from carbon tiles that had been exposed to deuterium-tritium (DT) plasmas in the Tokamak Test Fusion Reactor (TFTR). A continuous wave neodymium laser, of power up to 300 watts, was used to heat the surface of the tiles. The beam was focused to an intensity, typically 8 kW/cm{sup 2}, and rapidly scanned over the tile surface by galvanometer-driven scanning mirrors. Under the laser irradiation, the surface temperature … more
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: Skinner, C. H.; Gentile, C. A.; Guttadora, G.; Carpe, A.; Langish, S.; Young, K. M. et al.
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