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open access

Aerosol Property Comparison Within and Above the ABL at the ARM Program SGP Site

Description: This thesis determines what, if any, measurements of aerosol properties made at the Earth surface are representative of those within the entire air column. Data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site at the Southern Great Plains, the only location in the world where ground-based and in situ airborne measurements are routinely made. Flight legs during the one-year period from March 2000 were categorized as either within or above the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) by use of an objectiv… more
Date: May 1, 2002
Creator: Delle Monache, L
open access

Air Pollutant Penetration Through Airflow Leaks Into Buildings

Description: The penetration of ambient air pollutants into the indoor environment is of concern owing to several factors: (1) epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between ambient fine particulate pollution and elevated risk of human mortality; (2) people spend most of their time in indoor environments; and (3) most information about air pollutant concentration is only available from ambient routine monitoring networks. A good understanding of ambient air pollutant transport from source t… more
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Liu, De-Ling
open access

Analysis of Gd5(Si2Ge2) Microstructure and Phase Transition

Description: With the recent discovery of the giant magnetocaloric effect and the beginning of extensive research on the properties of Gd{sub 5}(Si{sub x}Ge{sub 1-x}){sub 4}, a necessity has developed for a better understanding of the microstructure and crystal structure of this family of rare earth compounds with startling phenomenological properties. The aim of this research is to characterize the microstructure of the Gd{sub 5}(Si{sub x}Ge{sub 1-x}){sub 4}, with X {approx_equal} 2 and its phase change by… more
Date: June 27, 2002
Creator: Meyers, John Scott
open access

Authenticated group Diffie-Hellman key exchange: theory and practice

Description: Authenticated two-party Diffie-Hellman key exchange allows two principals A and B, communicating over a public network, and each holding a pair of matching public/private keys to agree on a session key. Protocols designed to deal with this problem ensure A (B resp.)that no other principals aside from B (A resp.) can learn any information about this value. These protocols additionally often ensure A and B that their respective partner has actually computed the shared secret value. A natural exte… more
Date: October 3, 2002
Creator: Chevassut, Olivier
open access

Band anticrossing effects in highly mismatched semiconductor alloys

Description: The first five chapters of this thesis focus on studies of band anticrossing (BAC) effects in highly electronegativity- mismatched semiconductor alloys. The concept of bandgap bowing has been used to describe the deviation of the alloy bandgap from a linear interpolation. Bowing parameters as large as 2.5 eV (for ZnSTe) and close to zero (for AlGaAs and ZnSSe) have been observed experimentally. Recent advances in thin film deposition techniques have allowed the growth of semiconductor alloys co… more
Date: September 9, 2002
Creator: Wu, Junqiao
open access

Bioanalytical Applications of Fluorescence Line-Narrowing and Non-Line-Narrowing Spectroscopy Interfaced with Capillary Electrophoresis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Description: Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are widely used analytical separation techniques with many applications in chemical, biochemical, and biomedical sciences. Conventional analyte identification in these techniques is based on retention/migration times of standards; requiring a high degree of reproducibility, availability of reliable standards, and absence of coelution. From this, several new information-rich detection methods (also known as hyphenat… more
Date: June 27, 2002
Creator: Roberts, Kenneth Paul
open access

CMOS Interface Circuits for Spin Tunneling Junction Based Magnetic Random Access Memories

Description: Magneto resistive memories (MRAM) are non-volatile memories which use magnetic instead of electrical structures to store data. These memories, apart from being non-volatile, offer a possibility to achieve densities better than DRAMs and speeds faster than SRAMs. MRAMs could potentially replace all computer memory RAM technologies in use today, leading to future applications like instan-on computers and longer battery life for pervasive devices. Such rapid development was made possible due to th… more
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Saripalli, Ganesh
open access

Coherence techniques at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths

Description: The renaissance of Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray (SXR) optics in recent years is mainly driven by the desire of printing and observing ever smaller features, as in lithography and microscopy. This attribute is complemented by the unique opportunity for element specific identification presented by the large number of atomic resonances, essentially for all materials in this range of photon energies. Together, these have driven the need for new short-wavelength radiation sources (e.g. t… more
Date: October 1, 2002
Creator: Chang, Chang
open access

Combustion in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines: Experiments and Detailed Chemical Kinetic Simulations

Description: Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are being considered as an alternative to diesel engines. The HCCI concept involves premixing fuel and air prior to induction into the cylinder (as is done in current spark-ignition engine) then igniting the fuel-air mixture through the compression process (as is done in current diesel engines). The combustion occurring in an HCCI engine is fundamentally different from a spark-ignition or Diesel engine in that the heat release occurs as a g… more
Date: June 7, 2002
Creator: Flowers, D L
open access

Comparison of Aerosol Properties Within and Above the ABL at the ARM Program's SGP Site

Description: The goal of this thesis is to determine under what conditions, if any, measurements of aerosol properties made at the Earth's surface are representative of aerosol properties within the column of air above the surface. This thesis will use data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) which is the only location in the world where ground-based and in situ airborne measurements are made on a routine basis. All flight legs in the one-year period from… more
Date: May 1, 2002
Creator: Delle Monache, L
open access

Constructing Predictive Estimates for Worker Exposure to Radioactivity During Decommissioning: Analysis of Completed Decommissioning Projects

Description: An analysis of completed decommissioning projects is used to construct predictive estimates for worker exposure to radioactivity during decommissioning activities. The preferred organizational method for the completed decommissioning project data is to divide the data by type of facility, whether decommissioning was performed on part of the facility or the complete facility, and the level of radiation within the facility prior to decommissioning (low, medium, or high). Additional data analysis … more
Date: October 1, 2002
Creator: Dettmers, Dana Lee & Eide, Steven Arvid
open access

Critical Phenomena of the Disorder Driven Localization-Delocalization Transition

Description: Metal-to-insulator transitions are generally linked to two phenomena: electron-electron correlations and disorder. Although real systems are usually responding to a mixture of both, they can be classified as undergoing a Mott-transition, if the former process dominates, or an Anderson-transition, if the latter dominates. High-T{sub c} superconductors, e.g., are a candidate for the first class. Materials in which disorder drives the metal-to-insulator transition include doped semiconductors and … more
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Ruhlander, Marc
open access

Design and Evaluation of System Configurations for an EUV Mask Inspection Microscope

Description: This document is the third sub-report of the EUV AIM design study being conducted at LLNL on behalf of International Sematech (ISMT). The purpose of this study as identified in section 1.2 of the statement of work is to research the basic user requirements of an actinic defect characterization tool, potential design configurations and top-level specifications. The objectives of this design study specifically identified in section 1.3 of the statement of work were to: (1) Determine the user requ… more
Date: August 20, 2002
Creator: Barty, Anton; Taylor, John S.; Hudyma, Russell & Spiller, Eberhard
open access

Design of Surface micromachined Compliant MEMS

Description: The consideration of compliant mechanisms as Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) is the focus of this research endeavor. MEMS are micron to millimeter devices that combine electrical, mechanical, and information processing capabilities on the same device. These MEMS need some mechanical motion or parts that move relative to each other. This relative motion, using multiple parts, is not desired because of the assembly requirement and the friction introduced. Compliant devices limits or elimina… more
Date: August 1, 2002
Creator: Bradley, Joe Anthony
open access

Design of Surface Micromachined Compliant MEMS

Description: The consideration of compliant mechanisms as Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) is the focus of this research endeavor. MEMS are micron to millimeter devices that combine electrical, mechanical, and information processing capabilities on the same device. These MEMS need some mechanical motion or parts that move relative to each other. This relative motion, using multiple parts, is not desired because of the assembly requirement and the friction introduced. Compliant devices limits or elimina… more
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Bradley, Joe Anthony
open access

Development of Novel Electrode Materials for the Electrocatalysis of Oxygen-Transfer and Hydrogen-Transfer Reactions

Description: Throughout this thesis, the fundamental aspects involved in the electrocatalysis of anodic O-transfer reactions and cathodic H-transfer reactions have been studied. The investigation into anodic O-transfer reactions at undoped and Fe(III)[doped MnO{sub 2} films] revealed that MnO{sub 2} film electrodes prepared by a cycling voltammetry deposition show improved response for DMSO oxidation at the film electrodes vs. the Au substrate. Doping of the MnO{sub 2} films with Fe(III) further enhanced el… more
Date: August 27, 2002
Creator: Simpson, Brett Kimball
open access

Development of Novel Polymeric Materials for Gene Therapy and pH-Sensitive Drug Delivery: Modeling, Synthesis, Characterization, and Analysis

Description: The underlying theme of this thesis is the use of polymeric materials in bioapplications. Chapters 2-5 either develop a fundamental understanding of current materials used for bioapplications or establish protocols and procedures used in characterizing and synthesizing novel materials. In chapters 6 and 7 these principles and procedures are applied to the development of materials to be used for gene therapy and drug delivery. Chapter one is an introduction to the ideas that will be necessary to… more
Date: August 27, 2002
Creator: Anderson, Brian Curtis
open access

Development of trigger software for the silicon and fibre trackers and a study of B meson lifetimes for the D0 experiment

Description: The D0 detector has recently undergone a major upgrade to maximize its potential to fully exploit Run II at the Tevatron 2 TeV proton-antiproton collider. The upgrade includes a completely new central tracking system with an outer scintillating fiber tracker and an inner silicon vertex detector. This thesis describes the development of the software to ''unpack'' the raw data from the central tracking detectors into a useful form, and the development of the Level 3 trigger algorithms to cluster … more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Illingworth, Robert Arthur
open access

Diagnostics for advanced laser acceleration experiments

Description: The first proposal for plasma based accelerators was suggested by 1979 by Tajima and Dawson. Since then there has been a tremendous progress both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical progress is particularly due to the growing interest in the subject and to the development of more accurate numerical codes for the plasma simulations (especially particle-in-cell codes). The experimental progress follows from the development of multi-terawatt laser systems based on the chirped-pulse a… more
Date: June 1, 2002
Creator: Misuri, Alessio
open access

The Dopants and Doping Level Dependence of the Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Eu (BA1-xLRx)2Cu3O7+Theta

Description: Eu(Ba{sub 1-x}Nd{sub x}){sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7+{delta}} were systematically studied in order to understand how the valence of the rear earth elements, ionic sizes and magnetic moment affect the crystal structure and magnetic and electrical properties. Differential thermal analyses were carried out to check the phase purity, X-ray data were least-squares fitted to determine the lattice parameters, and DC-SQUID magnetometry was used to characterize the superconducting properties. These results s… more
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Lin, Yu
open access

Doping Experiments on Low-Dimensional Oxides and a Search for Unusual Magnetic Properties of MgAlB14

Description: Doping experiments on La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4}, Sr{sub 2}CuO{sub 3} and SrCu{sub 2}(BO{sub 3}){sub 2} were performed with the intent of synthesizing new metallic low-=dimensional cuprate oxide compounds. Magnetic susceptibility {chi}(T) measurements on a polycrystalline La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4} sample chemically oxidized at room temperature in aqueous NaClO showed superconductivity with a superconducting transition temperature T{sub c} of 42.6 K and a Meissner fraction of 26%. They were unable to electro… more
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Hill, Julienne Marie
open access

Dynamics of Coulomb correlations in semiconductors in high magnetic fields

Description: Current theories have been successful in explaining many nonlinear optical experiments in undoped semiconductors. However, these theories require a ground state which is assumed to be uncorrelated. Strongly correlated systems of current interest, such as a two dimensional electron gas in a high magnetic field, cannot be explained in this manner because the correlations in the ground state and the low energy collective excitations cause a breakdown of the conventional techniques. We perform ultr… more
Date: May 1, 2002
Creator: Fromer, Neil Alan
open access

The Effect of Oxygen Contamination on the Amorphous Structure of Thermally Sprayed Coatings of Cu47Ti33Zr11Ni8Si1

Description: this research has shown that it is possible to deposit coatings of gas atomized Cu{sub 47}Ti{sub 33}Zr{sub 11}Ni{sub 8}Si{sub 1} powders containing various levels of oxygen contamination using plasma arc spray methods. The structure of the coating was found to depend primarily on the spray environment, with an argon atmosphere producing the most amorphous samples for a given starting powder. The oxygen content of the coatings reflected the relative levels of the oxygen contamination in the star… more
Date: May 27, 2002
Creator: Besser, Matthew Frank
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