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open access

Attaining a Steady Air Stream in Wind Tunnels

Description: "Many experimental arrangements of varying kind involve the problems of assuring a large, steady air stream both as to volume and to time. For this reason a separate discussion of the methods by which this is achieved should prove of particular interest. Motors and blades receive special attention and a review of existent wind tunnels is also provided" (p. 1).
Date: October 1933
Creator: Prandtl, L.
open access

Behavior of Vortex Systems

Description: Progressive application of the Kutta-Joukowsky theorem to the relationship between airfoil lift and circulation affords a number of formulas concerning the conduct of vortex systems. The application of this line of reasoning to several problems of airfoil theory yields an insight into many hitherto little observed relations. This report is confined to plane flow, hence all vortex filaments are straight and mutually parallel (perpendicular to the plane of flow).
Date: June 1933
Creator: Betz, A.
open access

The Critical Shear Load of Rectangular Plates

Description: This report gives formulas for analyzing the critical shear load of a simply supported square, isotropic (simple flat plate), or orthogonal anisotropic plate (a plate in which the rigidity in two directions perpendicular to each other is different, i.e. plywood or corrugated sheet), these formulas, although arrived at by approximation method, seem to agree fairly well with experimental results.
Date: April 1933
Creator: Seydel, Edgar
open access

The D.V.L. Gliding-Angle Control (W. Hübner Design)

Description: This report describes a device for arbitrary enlargement of the gliding angle of airplanes, especially of such with flat gliding angle and difficult landing characteristics. The D.V.L. gliding angle control (design, Hubner) permits a local interruption of the lift distribution along the span and consequently an increased induced drag. The mechanism comprises two wing rudders operated by lever from the pilot's cockpit. Said rudders are fitted on the top side of the wing near the leading edge. Th… more
Date: January 1933
Creator: Hübner, Walter & Pleines, Wilhelm
open access

Determination of Inherent Stresses by Measuring Deformations of Drilled Holes

Description: "Various methods have been proposed for determining the inherent stresses in structural components by disturbing their stress equilibrium through a mechanical device and measuring the resulting deformations. The methods used have disadvantages because they can be used only with specially shaped pieces (those with round or rectangular cross sections), that every form of test piece requires another kind of injury and hence of calculation, and the tested parts are rendered useless. The new test me… more
Date: March 1933
Creator: Mathar, Josef
open access

Development of Air-Cooled Engines With Blower Cooling

Description: With the aid of a heating device, the heat transfer to cylinders with conical fins of various forms is determined both for shrouded and exposed cylinders. Simultaneously the pressure drop for overcoming the resistance to the motion of air between the fins of the enclosed cylinder is measured. Thus the relations between the heat transfer and the energy required for cooling are discovered.
Date: October 1933
Creator: Löhner, Kurt
open access

Development of the Rules Governing the Strength of Airplanes Part 2: Loading Conditions in Germany (Continued), England and the United States

Description: Load factors and loading conditions are presented for Germany, England, and the United States. Results of tests are presented and loading conditions are presented under various stress categories like freight, commercial, aerobatics, and training.
Date: July 1933
Creator: Küssner, H. G. & Thalau, Karl
open access

Development of the Rules Governing the Strength of Airplanes Part 3: Loading Conditions in France, Italy, Holland, and Russia - Aims at Standardization

Description: The historical development of the rules for structural strength of aircraft in the leading countries is traced from the beginning of flight to date. The term "factor of safety" is critically analyzed; its replacement by probability considerations has been considered desirable.
Date: August 1933
Creator: Küssner, H. G. & Thalau, Karl
open access

Dynamic Breaking Tests of Airplane Parts

Description: "The static stresses of airplane parts, the magnitude of which can be determined with the aid of static load assumptions, are mostly superposed by dynamic stresses, the magnitude of which has been but little explored. The object of the present investigation is to show how the strength of airplane parts can best be tested with respect to dynamic stresses with and without superposed static loading, and to what extent the dynamic strength of the parts depends on their structural design. Experiment… more
Date: January 1933
Creator: Hertel, Heinrich
open access

The Effect of a Gap Between Elevator and Stabilizer on the Static Stability and Maneuverability About the Lateral Axis in Flight

Description: "A number of German airplanes have a gap between elevator and stabilizer. The effect of this open space is not generally known, although English wind-tunnel experiments have shown that even a very small gap exerts a profound influence on the elevator action. The purpose of the present free-flight measurements is to ascertain whether fairing over the gap would actually result in an appreciable improvement" (p. 1).
Date: March 1933
Creator: Hübner, Walter
open access

Experiments With Needle Bearings

Description: Experiments and results are presented in testing needle bearings, especially in comparison with roller bearings. Reduction in coefficient of friction is discussed as well as experimental methods and recording devices.
Date: May 1933
Creator: Ferretti, Pericle
open access

Flight-Test Data on the Static Fore-and-Aft Stability of Various German Airplanes

Description: "The static longitudinal stability of an airplane with locked elevator is usually determined by analysis and model tests. The present report proposes to supply the results of such measurements. The method consisted of recording the dynamic pressure versus elevator displacement at different center-of-gravity positions in unaccelerated flight" (p. 1).
Date: May 1933
Creator: Hübner, Walter
open access

Guide Vanes for Deflecting Fluid Currents With Small Loss of Energy

Description: The transverse momentum of the deflected air stream to be absorbed is divided between the intermediate and outside walls, so that the pressure increase on each wall is much smaller and the danger of separation is diminished. The formation of secondary vortices is also diminished. By taking as the basis profiles with high c(sub a), such as have proved practically favorable, it is not possible to find a satisfactory form of grid simply on the assumption that the flow is potential.
Date: September 1933
Creator: Kröber, G.
open access

Increasing the Volumetric Efficiency of Diesel Engines by Intake Pipes

Description: "Development of a method for calculating the volumetric efficiency of piston engines with intake pipes. Application of this method to the scavenging pumps of two-stroke-cycle engines with crankcase scavenging and to four-stroke-cycle engines. The utility of the method is demonstrated by volumetric-efficiency tests of the two-stroke-cycle engines with crankcase scavenging. Its practical application to the calculation of intake pipes is illustrated by example" (p. 1).
Date: March 1933
Creator: List, Hans
open access

Practical Experiences With Lightning Discharges to Airplanes

Description: The present report describes many cases of airplanes being struck by lightning and the measures that can be taken to minimize damage to them. The data indicates that the hazard to airplanes from lightning is overestimated and that dangers can be minimized by appropriate weather forecasts and training of the pilots.
Date: December 1933
Creator: Koppe, Heinrich
open access

Pressure and Frictional Resistance of a Cylinder at Reynolds Numbers 5,000 to 40,000

Description: This report presents the results of a series of free-jet measurements to determine the pure frictional resistance of a cylinder from the difference between total resistance and pressure at Reynolds Numbers 5,000 to 40,700. The skin friction is 5 percent of the total resistance at Re = 5,000, and had dropped to 2 percent at Re = 40,000, which supports Thom's theory.
Date: July 1933
Creator: Schiller, L. & Linke, W.
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