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300-KV Pulser Transformer and Pulser.
Photographs and working drawings are presented for a small (approximately 4.25 X 7 X 9 inch) 300Kv pulse transformer having double-conical secondaries each with a corona ring at its greatest diameter. The pulser circuit is shown but no text is included.
Alkyl Phosphoric Acids as Extraction Agents for Uranium
The recent interest in tributyl phosphate as an extracting solvent for uranium indicated that consideration of n-butyl phosphoric acid for this application might be of interest if some way could be devised to overcome the manipulation and miscibility difficulties. It was found that if the material was placed in any one of a number of carrier solvents, it had a remarkably strong extractive effect on uranyl ion out of acid solutions without a salting agent present.
Analysis of the Energy of Neutrons Emerging from the Target by Means of Their Spatial Distribution
As there is no accurate measurements of the energy distribution of neutrons emerging from large uranium blocks, it becomes of importance to see how much information of this kind can be derived from the slowing down distribution of the neutrons in a water tank.
The Biological Behavior of Organic Compounds Containing Radiophosphorus
The study was undertaken with the objective of observing the distribution in the rat of organic compounds of phosphorus labelled with the P32 isotope as tracer. The fate of several of these compounds was studied in animals bearing tumors. The distribution of inorganic phosphate in animal tissues is well known but was included in this work for comparison with the organic phosphorus compounds.
Calculation of k-o in a Uranium-Graphite Lattice
Since the 25 content of the uranium to be used in a MTA multiplying lattice is quite uncertain at present, it is necessary to assume various degrees of depletion in order to estimate the multiplication constant K-o and the production of 49 in an infinite uranium-graphite lattice
Calculation of Shielding for Mark II Accelerator
The proper roof thickness to correspond with a given side wall thickness has been estimated fro experience with the 184 feet cyclotron, which has indicated that a roof of about 1 1/2 feet should accompany a wall of 5 feet, and a roof of 4 feet should accompany a wall of 15 feet. For the roof area involved, this should bring about the condition that down-scattered neutrons in the working areas are but a small fraction of the neutrons coming through the side walls.
The Chelate Process, IV. Process Flow Involving o-Dichlorobenzene as the Solvent for TTA
Comparative studies of a series of halogenated solvents, as carriers for TTA in the chelate process for plutonium extraction, indicate that ortho-dichlorobenzene most nearly satisfies the requirements that are set forth. A complete process design is presented for use with this solvent, and flow data and equipment capacities are given for dissolver solution and for uranium-free fission product solution as alternate feeds to the process.
The Chelate Process: [Part] 5. Investigation in Horizontal Extractors
The recovery of plutonium has been demonstrated in a laboratory countercurrent horizontal extractor using the TTA process. Using three extractive stages and two washing stages in each step, a recovery of 91 percent has been obtained in the chelation step and a recovery of 99.9+ percent in the de-chelation step. With five extractive stages, recoveries of 94-98 percent have been found for the chelation step.
Chemistry Division Quarterly Report: June, July and August, 1950
Quarterly progress report on various research projects conducted at the University of California Radiation Laboratory.
Chemistry Division Quarterly Report: March, April and May, 1950
A quarterly summary of reports that have been published on research being conducted at the University of California Radiation Laboratory
Chemistry Division Quarterly Report: September, October and November, 1948
A quarterly report consisting of reports published on Transuranic Elements from the University of California Radiation Laboratory. Each report is a brief one to two page summaries of the article submitted for publication during the months of September-November, 1948.
Chemistry Division Quarterly Report: September, October, November, 1950
Quarterly progress report on various research projects conducted at the University of California Radiation Laboratory
Complex Ions of Lanthanum in Aqueous Solutions
The complexing of lanthanum by various anions and weak acids was investigated by observing the light absorption of the complex formed with thenoyltrifluoracetone (TTA). This species showed the properties needed for a satisfactory specgtrophotometric method of analysis.
Diffusion Equation Green's Functions for Box Problems
The use of diffusion theory to attempt to reproduce the chemical data of Hicks and Stevenson for the spatial distribution of neutrons in a solid block of uranium that is bombarded by 190 Mev neutrons is described.
Discriminator Calibrator
To calibrate a pulse height discriminator, the amplitude of the calibrating pulse must be known. If the amplitude is known, the discriminator dial may be calibrated in terms of the input signal required to just trip it. This is the purpose for which the Discriminator Calibrator was designed. It produces pulses of variable but known amplitude with a rep. rate variable from 3 pps to 4000 pps. The main use of this unit at the UCRL is in conjunction with scalers at fixed counting locations.
The Distribution of Pu(VI) and Pu(III) in Thenoyltrifluoracetone-Benzene-Nitric Acid Mixtures
The distribution coefficients of Pu(VI) and Pu(III) have been measured as a function of the TTA, hydrogen ion, and nitrate ion concentrations in the TTA-benzen-nitric acid system. The extraction constants for Pu(VI) and Pu(III) are 1.4 X 10(-2) and 2 X 10(-5), respectively.
The Distribution of the Positive-Negative Ratio for Mesons
Positive and negative mesons produced in a common target in the cyclotron are received in two photographic plates. In the magnetic field of the cyclotron, negatives are deflected to one plate, positives to the other. The mesons must pass through an absorber before entering the plates in order to be observable.
Drift Tube Model Magnet Report
Early in the design of the Mark I accelerator it was decided to install magnetic lenses in the drift tubes. A number of model magnets were constructed and tested to determine the best design for these lenses. This report includes only the results of the tests on the final models of the magnets that are designed for Mark I.
The Effect of Gases on the Wetting of Steels by Liquid Bismuth
The effect of air, nitrogen, helium, argon, and a mixture of twenty volume percent of hydrogen in argon on the wetting of a stainless steel (Type 446), a two percent chromium-one half percent molybdenum type steel, and a plain carbon type steel by liquid bismuth was investigated
Effect of Inositol and Octadecyl Alcohol Feeding on Lipoproteins in Cholesterol Fed Rabbits.
A controversy exists as to the effect of inositol and other lipotropic agents on serum cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis in humans and animals. There is no general agreement that these agents lower serum cholesterol levels or exert an inhibitory effect on the development of atherosclerosis.,
Energy and Ionization of Light Particles as a Function of H(P)
Energy values are generally accurate to 5%, except in the low energy region and except for He(3) and He(4) for which a non-relativistic conversion was made.
Energy Spectrum of Neutrons from 3-10 MEV
The energy distributions of neutrons in the 3-10 Mev energy range resulting from the bombardment of thin U targets are being investigated by the measurement of proton recoils in photographic plates.
Equilibria in the Oxide Systems of Praseodymium and Americium
The thermal decomposition of the higher oxides of praseodymium and americium have been investigated.
Evaluation of the Pentaether and Chelate Processes for the Chemical Separation of Plutonium and Uranium
Research at the University of California Radiation Laboratory has been directed toward the development of processes designed to recover plutonium and uranium from neutron-irradiated uranium. This report has been prepared in answer to requests for information by interested workers in the Atomic Energy programs. The material discussed herein represents the efforts of a sizable research group over several years, and summarizes both the current status of the investigation and the future program now contemplated.
Fixation of Carbon Dioxide by Barley Roots
The uptake of carbon dioxide by plant roots preparations has been demonstrated by various authors. In addition to confirming the fact of fixation, I have investigated the effect of a number of factors involved and the compounds in which the absorbed carbon appears, using carbon-14.
Flux in a Rectangular Cavity.
A problem proposed by E. Hart to determine whether there are locally high or low neutron densities at the corners of a cubical cavity in a graphite lattice. To simplify the computations consider an infinite two dimensional lattice with a square cavity that has a point source of neutrons at the center (see Figure 1).
Gap Splitter Radiofrequency Power Loss
Calculations indicative of the power loss for 75 in.radius gap splitters are given.
The Heat and Entropy of Ionization of Anhydrous Acetic Acid.
Studies of ionic entropies in methanol and ammonia have led to the suggestion that ionic entropies in water are abnormally high. An explanation of this hypothesis may be given in terms of entropies of solvation and the high degree of hydrogen bonding in water. When an ion enters water, more disorder is created than when it enters another, less hydrogen-bonded, solvent.
High Energy Excitation Functions in the Heavy Region
The electrostatically deflected beam of the 184-inch cyclotron has been used with the stacked foil and absorber technique to determine the excitation functions. The data are presented graphically and discussed individually for each of the reactions. The results are discussed in terms of compound nucleus formation, transparency effects, and other factors in order to arrive at a qualitative picture for the mechanism of high energy nuclear reactions with heavy nuclei.
High Energy Proton Spallation--Fission of Uranium
The fission and spallation reactions caused in uranium by bombardment with high energy protons (340 to 350 Mev) were investigated. The reaction products were separated from the target by chemical processes and identified by their radioactive properties. The relative yields of the observed fission products were measured, and the results plotted as a function of mass number. Several of the spallation products were identified and their yields estimated.
The Higher Fluorides of Plutonium
A systematic set of thermodynamic data for most of the known compounds of plutonium is presented. From earlier data present, it is now possible to extend the tabulation of data for the compounds of plutonium to include PuF(4), PuF(5), and PuF(6).
III: Two-Group Approximation to Absorbing Lattices
The mathematics of the approximation is developed for the case of a H2O-cooled, graphite-moderated matrix
An Investigation of the Isotopes of Americium and Curium
Isotopes of americium and curium with mass numbers less than 242 have been produced by cyclotron bombardment techniques, and several of their nuclear properties have been investigated. The partial alpha half-lives of Am(239), Cm(241), and Cm(240) and the partial half-life for spontaneous fission of Cm(240) were measured. The alpha decay daughter of Cm(238) was found and evidence for the discovery of Am(237) (an -1 hour electron capture activity) and Cm(239) (an -10 hour electron capture activity) has been presented. An Appendix indicating the conditions for separation of the plus three actinides by selective elution from ion exchange resin with citric acid has been included.
Investigations of Some Unusual Nuclear Reactions and Study of Double Beta Decay
The acceleration of charged particles in the Berkeley 60-inch and 184-inch cyclotrons has made it possible to study a large variety of nuclear reactions. The characterization of the products from these reactions is done by chemical separations of elemental fractions and subsequent identification of the nuclides formed.
Ion Exchange Experiments with Polonium
The state of polonium in aqueous solutions was investigated by means of ion exchange equilibrium studies. The distribution of the polonium between the solid and liquid phases was determined for solutions of various compositions using both a cation and an anion exchanges. These studies show that in the absence of a complexing agent polonium is hydrolyzed to such a degree that it forms monovalent cations and anions whose charge was not investigated in this study.
An Ion Exchange Study of Possible Hybridized 5f Bonding in the Actinides
A study was conducted on the elution behavior of curium (III), americium (III), plutonium (III), actinium (III), plutonium (IV), neptunium (IV), uranium (IV), thorium (IV), neptunium (V), plutonium (VI), uranium (VI), lanthanum (III), cerium (III), europium (III), ytterbium (III), ytterium (III), strontium (II), barium (II), radium (II), cesium (I) with 3.2 M, 6.2 M, and 12.2 M HCI solutions from Dower-50 cation exchange resin columns. These elutions show that in high concentrations of hydrochloric acid the actinides form complex ions with chloride ion to a much greater extent than the lanthanides. In order to explain these results, a partial covalent character may be ascribed to the bonding in the transuranium complex ions. It is shown that a reasonable structure for such covalent bonding involves hybridization of the 5g-ortibals in the actinide elements.
IV. Production and Heating
Calculations are developed which indicate the Pu production is an infinite lattice
A Low Voltage Ion Source
Describes the investigation of a particular method of extracting ions from an arc. Experimental results of a low extraction voltage ion source are given in some detail.
The Masses of the Heavy Isotopes
Radioactive decay data are used to calculate the atomic masses of the heavy isotopes, A> 203. The four radioactive families are then connected by means of neutron binding energies known from reactions on various isotopes. Finally all the masses are collectively adjusted for the best fit with mass spectrographic information available in this region. The masses so calculated are presented. Differences between masses of isotopes are estimated to have an of (plus/minus) 0.00020 mas units or about 200 Kev; the position of the masses taken collectively is in doubt by about 1.5 Mev.
Medical and Health Physics Quarterly Report: October, November, and December 1951
The document provides reports on medical and health physics, particularly on the biological studies of radiation effects, the metabolic properties of various materials, radiation chemistry, health chemistry, and health physics.
Method of Operation of the Permeameter
In H measurements, the measured flux-linkage change represents twice the value of H to be plotted. In B measurements the bucking coil links flux equal to the air-flux in the B-measuring coils. The measured flux change therefore corresponds to twice the flux of intrinsic magnetization in the sample.
Modes of Acceleration of Ions in a 3-DEE Cyclotron.
The analysis shows that a symmetrical three-dee cyclotron accelerating ions below relativistic velocities has the property that ions of different e/m rations can be accelerated without changing the frequency of the electrical power supplied to the dees or the value of the magnetic field. The energy gain per revolution of the ions which can be accelerated in the various modes are found, considering three identical dees of arbitrary angular widths. For these calculations it has been assumed that a step-function voltage change occurs at each edge of the dees.
MTA Mark II Accelerator, Drift Tube and RF Beam Geometry Perturbing Effect of Beam in A-12
The question has arisen of how the beam in A-12 as a long resonant cavity might effect the frequency of operation and the field distribution. This study is published to make available the calculation of the direct beam effect as an illustration of general methods of attacking perturbing effects in resonant cavities.
MTA Quarterly Progress Report: September, October and November, 1951
Quarterly report which includes brief summaries of research studies related to technology materials and accelerator testing.
MTA Quarterly Progress Report: September, October and November, 1951
Quarterly report which includes brief summaries of research studies related to technology materials and accelerator testing
MTA Target Equations
In solving the two-group, two medium equations for neutron diffusion in a finite one-dimensional multiplying system, the equations in each medium can be solved, and the boundary conditions used to determine the coefficients. This direct attack involves eight simultaneous linear equations. The opportunities for error are numerous, and, frequently, a great deal of accuracy is lost by subtractions; hence, it is felt that an alternative method of solution, in which numerical errors would be less likely to occur, would be desirable.
Multiplying Lattices
The use of thermally fissionable material in the lattice adds a distributed source of fast neutrons which must be considered in evaluating the problem.
Neutron Streaming in a Cylindrical Cavity
The free streaming of neutrons in a cylindrical cavity is investigated. Using experimental data for the flux distribution along the walls, the direct beam hole loss and leakage into the target from the lattice is estimated for the MTA system.
Neutron Yield in Uranium vs. Energy of Deuterons and Protons
The purpose of this note is to recalculate the semi-empirical curve of neutron yield vs. deuteron energy originally obtained by H. York in order to predict, using it and the best available data, what yields may be expected for deuterons on uranium in the extrapolated energy region.
A Note on the Mechanism of the Formation of Alpha-Acylamino Ketones from Amino Acids
The reaction of alanine-1-C14 and phenylalanine-1-C14 with acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine has been studied and the carboxyl group of the amino acid has been shown to be the exclusive source of carbon dioxide involved.
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