From Summary: "A review of the status of the knowledge on turbine-blade cooling and a description of pertinent NACA investigations are presented. The current limitations in performance of uncooled and cooled engines are briefly discussed. Finally, the knowledge available and investigations to increase the knowledge on heat transfer, cooling-flow, and performance characteristics of cooled turbines are discussed."
Report presenting an investigation of the combined effects of wing taper ratio and low horizontal-tail position on the static longitudinal stability of a 45 degree sweptback wing-body combination with an aspect ratio of 4 at a range of Mach numbers. Results regarding tail-off pitch characteristics, tail-on pitch characteristics, and effective flow characteristics over horizontal tail are provided.
Memorandum presenting the use of the hypersonic similarity rule to correlate pressure distributions and wave drags for minimum-drag nose shapes derived by Von Karman and Newton. The computed results have been confirmed by comparison with available experimental data. Wave-drag results for both the Karman and Newtonian shapes are compared with each other and with results for ocnes and circular-arc tangent ogives.
Memorandum presenting an investigation to determine the effects of increase in angle of dead rise on the overall hydrodynamic characteristics of a seaplane having a length-beam ratio of 15 and a wing loading of 120 pounds per square foot. In general, increasing the angle of dead rise from 20 to 40 degrees and 60 degrees improved the trim limits of stability and the range of center-of-gravity positions for satisfactory take-off characteristics.
Report presenting an investigation to determine the effect of oxygen concentration of the inlet oxygen-nitrogen mixture on the combustion efficiency of a J33 single combustor operating with gaseous propane fuel. Combustion efficiency data were obtained at a variety of combustion-inlet total pressures, fuel flow rates, and inlet oxygen concentrations. Results regarding combustor data, application of fundamental combustion properties to combustor data, application of simplified reaction kinetics equation to combustor data, comparison of liquid and gaseous fuel data, and limitations of correlation parameters.
"Free-flight tests have been made to determine the drag at zero lift of several configurations of a missile having triangular wings and tails. Base-pressure measurements were also obtained for some of the configurations. The results show that increasing the wing thickness ratio from 4 to 6 percent increased the wing drag by about 100 percent at M = 1.3 and by about 30 percent at M = 1.8" (p. 1).
Report presenting a series of fence installations tested on a swept-wing jet airplane to determine their effects on the longitudinal instability, or "pitch-up", encountered in high-maneuvering flight. Longitudinal-stability measurements were made at a variety of Mach numbers with nine fence configurations that varied in chordwise extent and spanwise position. Results regarding longitudinal stability, flow phenomena, buffeting and wing dropping, drag, and low-speed stalls are provided.
Report presenting an investigation of the effects of many of the parameters significant to wing flutter on several untwisted rotating models to determine their significance with respect to stall flutter of propeller blades. The parameters included torsional stiffness, section thickness ratio, sweepback, length-chord ratio, section center-of-gravity location, blade taper, Mach number, and fluid density. Results regarding the considerations on method of presentation, experimental data and discussion, some possible applications, and a comparison of experiment with classical-flutter theory are provided.
Report presenting the total-pressure recovery characteristics of three circular internal-compression inlets with translating centerbodies at a range of free-stream Mach numbers. The inlets differed only in the shape of the internal compression contours. Results regarding the maximum pressure recoveries and pressure-recovery characteristics are provided.
Report presenting testing of models of rocket-motor fins of the ASROC missile for flutter and divergence in the supersonic flutter tunnel for a range of Mach numbers. Results indicate that both divergence of the overhung leading edge and flutter occur within the sea-level operating conditions of the missile at Mach numbers above 1.0. Results regarding the flutter boundary, type of flutter encountered, possible solutions to flutter problems, and possible effects of nondestructive type of flutter are provided.
Report presenting testing of scale models of rocket-motor fins of the ASROC missile for flutter and divergence in the supersonic flutter tunnel over a range of Mach numbers. Results regarding the flutter boundary, type of flutter encountered, and effects of flutter are provided.
Report presenting a wind-tunnel investigation to explore the possibility of employing boundary-layer suction slots as a means for delaying laminar separation at the leading edge and turbulent separation over the rear portions of the airfoil section at high lift coefficients. Results regarding lift and drag are explored.
The problem of improving operational reliability of turbojet engines is studied in a series of papers. Failure statistics for this engine are presented, the theory and experimental evidence on how engine failures occur are described, and the methods available for avoiding failure in operation are discussed. The individual papers of the series are Objectives, Failure Statistics, Foreign-Object Damage, Compressor Blades, Combustor Assembly, Nozzle Diaphrams, Turbine Buckets, Turbine Disks, Rolling Contact Bearings, Engine Fuel Controls, and Summary Discussion.
Memorandum presenting the Bell X-5 variable-sweep research airplane tested primarily at 58.7 degrees sweepback to determine the characteristics at transonic speeds of a fighter-type airplane with extreme sweepback. Some of the dynamic and static lateral stability characteristics have been discussed previously. Results regarding the lateral control, roll coupling, lateral problems at high lift, wing dropping, rudder oscillation at supersonic Mach numbers, and some pilots' impressions are also provided.
Report presenting results of flutter testing on three cantilever delta-wing plan forms at a range of Mach numbers. The time and location of flutter and results of the flutter calculations are provided for each of the wings.
Report presenting an investigation of several fuels in a 16-inch ramjet engine during a free-jet investigation of ramjet performance in a wind tunnel. The fuels used were gasoline, kerosene, blend of 50-percent gasoline and 50-percent propylene oxide, blend of 75-percent kerosene and 25-percent propylene oxide, and isopentane. Results regarding ranges of operation, combustion efficiencies, and weight and volume specific fuel consumptions obtained with various fuels.
Report presenting the heat transfer and pressures on the lifting surfaces of a 60 degree delta wing with NACA 65A005 profile at angles of attack up to 9 degrees. Results obtained are compared to values obtained from flat-plate theory.
"An investigation was conducted in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel on a 1/23-scale model of the McDonnell F3H-1N airplane. The effects of control settings and movements upon the erect and inverted spin and recovery characteristics of the model were determined for the clean condition. Spin-recovery parachute tests were also performed. The results indicated that erect spins obtained on the airplane for the take-off or combat loadings should be satisfactorily terminated if full rudder reversal is accompanied by moving the ailerons to full with the spin (stick full right in a right spin)" (p. 1).
Report presenting an investigation in the 7- by 10-foot tunnel of the aerodynamic and hinge-moment characteristics of an untapered, aspect ratio 3, semispan horizontal-tail model with 45 degrees of sweepback through a range of Mach numbers. The model was equipped with an unbalanced and a horn-balanced 25-percent-chord elevator.
Report presenting an investigation at transonic speeds to determine the effects of fences, drooped nose, combination fences and drooped nose, and vortex generators on a 45 degree sweptback wing-fuselage combination. The purpose of undertaking this investigation was due to the pitch-up tendency that results from leading-edge vortex-type flow on thin sweptback wings. The data for each component and their interaction with one another is also provided.
Report presenting the results of an investigation to determine the drag, static stability, control effectiveness, boundary-layer conditions, and first-order effects of propeller operation on a scale model of a proposed high-submerged-speed submarine with various bridge-fairwater and tail configurations.
For a body consisting of a fineness-ratio-3 ogival nose tangent to a cylindrical afterbody 7.3 diameters long, pitot-pressure distributions in the flow field, pressure distributions over the body, and downwash distributions along a line through the vortex centers have been measured for angles of attack to 20 degrees. The Reynolds numbers, based on body diameter, were 0.15 x 10 to the 6th power and 0.44 x 10 to the 6th power. Comparisons of computed and measured vortex paths and downwash distributions are made. (author).
Report presenting an investigation to determine the longitudinal stability and afterbody pressure characteristics of the TX-14 and TX-16 special weapons at transonic and supersonic speeds. Results regarding dynamic testing and pressure testing are provided.
Report presenting an investigation to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of two three-blade propellers over a range of blade angles and Mach numbers. The thick-blade propeller was more adversely affected by compressibility than the thin-blade propeller, and the maximum efficiency of the thin-blade propeller was higher than the thick-blade propeller.
The present paper presents the results of a brief investigation made to determine the effectiveness of a proposed emergency spin-recovery device to be used during demonstration spins of the Northrop XF -89 airplane. The proposed device makes use of split-type ailerons deflected +/-60deg on the outboard wing (left wing in a right spin). Tests made on a model which represented the airplane to a scale of 7 indicated that, if an uncontrollable spin is obtained in the design gross--weight loading, the device is not sufficiently effective to insure recovery,.
"The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics has conducted a flight test of a model approximating the McDonnell F3H-1N airplane configuration to determine its pitch-up and buffet boundaries, as well as the usual longitudinal stability derivatives obtainable from the pulsed- tail technique. The test was conducted by the freely flying rocket-boosted model technique developed at the Langley Laboratory; results were obtained at Mach numbers from 0.40 to 1.27 at corresponding Reynolds numbers of 2.6 x 10(exp 6) and 9.0 x 10(exp 6). The phenomena of pitch-up, buffet, and maximum lift were encountered at Mach numbers between 0.42 and 0.85" (p. 1).
Memorandum presenting forces and moments measured at Mach number 1.6 in the 4- by 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel on bombs of fineness ratios 7.0 and 10.5 in the presence of a swept-wing fighter-bomber airplane configuration for a large number of positions under the fuselage. The results can be used to calculate bomb-drop paths.
An investigation of forced-convection heat transfer and associated pressure drops was conducted with air flowing through smooth tubes for an over-all range of surface temperature from 535 degrees to 3050 degrees r, inlet-air temperature from 535 degrees to 1500 degrees r, Reynolds number up to 500,000, exit Mach number up to 1, heat flux up to 150,000 btu per hour per square foot, length-diameter ratio from 30 to 120, and three entrance configurations. Most of the data are for heat addition to the air; a few results are included for cooling of the air. The over-all range of surface-to-air temperature ratio was from 0.46 to 3.5.
Memorandum presenting the use of the modified slender-body method to predict the lift and moment interference of triangular wing-body combinations adapted to combinations with other than triangular wings. The methods are applied to the prediction of the lit-curve slopes of nearly 100 triangular, rectangular, and trapezoidal wing-body configurations.
Report presenting the use of the modified slender-body method to predict the lift and moment interference of triangular wing-body combinations to evaluate combinations with non-triangular wings. The method is applied to the prediction of lift-curve slopes of nearly 100 triangular, rectangular, and trapezoidal wing-body configurations.
"A general vector differential equation for the vorticity component parallel to a streamline is derived for steady, nonviscous, and incompressible flow in a rotating system. This equation is then simplified by restricting it to rotating radial channels and by making further simplifying assumptions. The simplified equation is used to solve for the secondary vorticity, the vorticity component parallel to the streamline, in three special cases involving different streamtube geometries; the results are presented in a series of figures" (p. 1).
Report presenting an investigation conducted by means of preflight and flight tests to determine the performance of a 50-percent-magnesium 50-percent JP-4 slurry fuel in a twin-engine ramjet test vehicle. Data were obtained over a range of Mach numbers. Although a successful flight test was carried out, the performance obtained from preflight testing was below theoretical values.
A preliminary analytical evaluation of the air and fuel specific-impulse characteristics of hydrogen, a-methylnapthalene, and graphite carbon has been made. Adiabatic constant-pressure combustion flame temperatures for each fuel at several equivalence ratios were calculated for an initial air temperature of 560 degrees R and a pressure of 2 atmospheres.
Report presenting an experimental investigation of the pressure distributions on a hemispherical nose 3.98 inches in diameter, mounted on a cylindrical support, at several Mach and Reynolds numbers. The Reynolds number was based on body diameter and free-stream conditions. Pressure-drag coefficients were calculated and good agreement was obtained with other testing.
The zero-lift damping in roll of the Bell MX-776 missile has been measured by a sting-mounted rocket-model technique at Mach numbers from 0.6 to 1.56. The damping-in-roll data, in general, show no unusual variation with Mach number. Aileron rolling-moment effectiveness derived from these data and previously obtained rolling-effectiveness data appear reasonable,.
Report presenting an investigation at high subsonic speeds to determine the static stability characteristics of a cambered-delta-wing model with wing dihedral angles of 20 degrees and 50 degrees. Results regarding the longitudinal characteristics and lateral characteristics are provided.
Report summarizing research on the strength and creep of aircraft structural elements and components at elevated temperatures. Experimental data for aluminum alloy columns, plates, stiffened panels, and multiweb box beams are presented for temperatures up to 600 degrees Fahrenheit and compared with results predicted from materials data.
Report presenting an investigation of the heat-transfer coefficients (Stanton number and boundary-layer transition) obtained from a free-flight test of a 10 degree total-angle cone with a 1/16-inch tip radius. Testing occurred over a range of Mach numbers from 1.8 to 3.5 and a range of wall-to-local-stream temperature ratios. Results regarding skin temperatures, heat-transfer coefficient, and boundary-layer transition are presented.
The performance of NACA 65-series compressor blade section in cascade has been investigated systematically in a low-speed cascade tunnel. Porous test-section side walls and for high-pressure-rise conditions, porous flexible end walls were employed to establish conditions closely simulating two-dimensional flow. Blade sections of design lift coefficients from 0 to 2.7 were tested over the usable angle-of-attack range for various combinations of inlet-flow angle. A sufficient number of combinations were tested to permit interpolation and extrapolation of the data to all conditions within the usual range of application. The results of this investigation indicate a continuous variation of blade-section performance as the major cascade parameters, blade camber, inlet angle, and solidity were varied over the test range. Summary curves of the results have been prepared to enable compressor designers to select the proper blade camber and angle of attack when the compressor velocity diagram and desired solidity have been determined.
The possibility of overshooting the anticipated normal acceleration as a result of the artificial-feel characteristics of the F-89C airplane at a condition of minimum static stability was investigated analytically by means of an electronic simulator. Several methods of improving the stick-force characteristics were studied. It is shown that, due to the lag in build-up of the portion of the stick force introduced by the bobweight, it would be possible for excessive overshoots of normal acceleration to occur in abrupt maneuvers with reasonable assumed control movements. The addition of a transient stick force proportional to pitching acceleration (which leads the normal acceleration) to prevent this occurring would not be practical due to the introduction of an oscillatory mode to the stick-position response. A device to introduce a viscous damping force would Improve the stick-force characteristics so that normal acceleration overshoots would not be likely, and the variation of the maximum stick force in rapid pulse-type maneuvers with duration of the maneuver then would have a favorable trend.
"An experimental investigation has been conducted in the Langley stability tunnel at low speed to deter+nine the yawing stability derivatives of a 1/9-scale powered model of the Convair XFY-1 vertically rising airplane. Effects of thrust coefficient were investigated for the complete model and for certain components of the model. Effects of control deflections and of propeller blade angle were investigated for the complete model" (p. 1).
Report presenting an investigation to obtain information about the basic aerodynamic characteristics of two vertical-take-off-and-landing jet bomber airplanes, one with a high wing and one with a low wing. Results regarding pitch and sideslip are provided. The high-tail configurations were found to have higher lift-drag ratios for both high- and low-wing models.
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