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- Assessing Descriptive Substance in Free-Text Collection-Level Metadata
- This presentation discusses free-text collection-level metadata. When many collections are brought together in a federation or aggregation, the attributes of the original collections can get lost. Collection-level metadata has the potential to provide important context about the purpose and features of individual collections, but these qualitative aspects are difficult to describe in a systematic way. This presentation reports on a content analysis of collection records in the IMLS Digital Collections and Content Collection Registry, conducted to analyze the kinds of substantive and purposeful information provided about 202 cultural heritage collections. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc67600/
- Assessing Descriptive Substance in Free-Text Collection-Level Metadata
- This paper discusses assessing descriptive substance in free-text collection-level metadata. Abstract: Collection-level metadata has the potential to provide important information about the features and purpose of individual collections. This paper reports on a content analysis of collection records in an aggregation of cultural heritage collections. The findings show that the free-text Description field often provides more accurate and complete representation of subjects and object types than the specified fields. Properties such as importance, uniqueness, comprehensiveness, provenance, and creator are articulated, as well as other vital contextual information about the intentions of a collector and the value of a collection, as a whole, for scholarly users. The results demonstrate that the semantically rich free-text Description field is essential to understanding the context of collections in large aggregations and can serve as a source of data for enhancing and customizing controlled vocabularies. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc83321/
- Assessing Interoperability in the Networked Environment: Standards, Evaluation, and Testbeds in the Context of Z39.50
- This book chapter discusses interoperability in the networked environment. An underlying assumption of any network is that various components and processes will work together to produce desired results (e.g., data transmission, data interchange, reliability of services, etc.). The term interoperability has been used to characterize this working together, especially, the workings of lower level data communication components. Usage of the term has evolved to refer more generally to the extent to which different types of computers, networks, operating systems, and applications work together effectively to exchange information in a useful and meaningful manner. Miller (2000) suggests a perspective That is even more encompassing: he says that to be interoperable means "one should actively be engaged in the ongoing process of ensuring that the systems, procedures and culture of an organisation are managed in such a way as to maximize opportunities for exchange and re-use of information, whether internally or externally." digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc102281/
- Assessing Metadata Utilization: An Analysis of MARC Content Designation Use
- This paper discusses metadata utilization. Abstract: Metadata schemes emerge to meet community and user requirements, and they evolve over time to meet changing requirements. This paper reports results of an analysis of a large sample of MARC 21 bibliographic records. MARC 21 is an encoding scheme related closely to metadata elements occurring in library bibliographic records. The records were analyzed for the utilization of content designation available in MARC 21. Results indicate that less than 5% of available content designation accounts for over 80% of occurrences. The implications of these findings affect indexing policies, system design, and can inform setting requirements for extending a metadata scheme based on a threshold of community requirements. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc36303/
- Beyond Searching Metadata
- This poster discusses information discovery. Electronic theses and dissertation (ETD) collections found in academic library repositories don't necessarily use consistent metadata schemes, which is problematic for resource sharing and information discovery. This poster demonstrates a two-layer solution to address this problem: First, a system to navigate the metadata; the second is a KWIC-type (Keyword in context) interface to examine the information in the documents of the retrieved set. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc78265/
- Beyond Size and Search: Building Contextual Mass in Digital Aggregations for Scholarly Use
- This paper discusses building contextual mass in digital aggregations for scholarly use. Abstract: At present there are no established collection development methods for building large-scale digital aggregations. However, to realize the potential of the collective base of digital content and advance scholarship, aggregations must do more than provide search of sizable bodies of content. Informed by empirical understanding of scholarly information practices, the IMLS Digital Collections and Content project developed an aggregation strategy for building Opening History, one of the largest digital cultural heritage aggregations in the country. The strategy applied policy-driven collecting based on the principle of contextual mass, and conspectus-style evaluation of collection-level metadata to identify strong subject areas within the aggregation. Analysis of density, interconnectedness, diversity, and small/large collection complementary determined subject concentrations and thematic strengths to be prioritized for future collection development and used as organizational structures for browsing and visualization. The approach models how scholars build their own personal research collections, as they follow leads from collection to collection across institutions near and far, and adds value that cannot be achieved through conventional retrieval and browsing at the item-level. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc71795/
- Bibliographical Control of Afro-American Literature, Volume 1: Papers Presented at a Conference
- These papers are a compilation presented at a conference on bibliographic control of Afro-American literature. The papers discuss issues in cataloging and archiving African-American literature including relevant subject headings, sources of texts, and collection development. Index starts on page 293. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31167/
- Bibliographical Control of Afro-American Literature, Volume 2: Presentations and Discussions
- These papers are a compilation of presentations at a conference on bibliographic control of Afro-American literature. The text includes speeches and discusses regarding the topics as well as a summary of conference recommendations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31168/
- Bibliographical Control of Afro-American Literature, Volume 3: Evaluation of the Conference
- These papers offer discussions and conclusions regarding a conference on bibliographic control of Afro-American literature. The text includes a summary of the reasons for the conference, a report from a conference evaluator, and evaluation forms, as well as minutes and letters regarding the proceedings. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31169/
- Book Jacket as Access Mechanism: An Attribute Rich Resource for Functional Access to Academic Books
- This article discusses book jackets as access mechanisms. Abstract: Book jackets provide a model for access to documents on the World Wide Web. They demonstrate a means for making available many of the representational attributes important to making relevance judgements. Such attributes have been posited for retrieval models for some time, but have not been implemented in most formal access systems. Even in the Web environment physical availability is not the same as accessibility. The attribute categories discussed here emerged from 228 book jackets for non-fiction works in a medium size academic library. Models of document searching and book jacket design are discussed in relation to the individual scholarly searcher and new modes of document searching. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc71803/
- Campus Chaplains: Cult Training and Perceptions
- Abstract: This article examines the perception of 43 college chaplains across the United States with regard to cult training and perceptions of college and university cult activity. Campus chaplains are in a unique and challenging position on college campuses to assist students and confront cult issues. The results of the survey indicated that most campus chaplains have had surprisingly little formal training with regard to cultic groups and often perceive faculty, staff, and students as requiring additional education regarding cult issues on college campuses. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31080/
- Cataloger Tasks: Work In Progress
- This presentation discusses cataloging tasks, including Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD), and concepts related to the tasks and decisions involved in cataloging. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc83789/
- The Challenges of Training and Retraining Mature Learners
- This article discusses challenges in training mature learners. Abstract: By 2005, older workers are projected to comprise 20 percent of the workforce (Barber, Crouch, & Merker, 1992). AT&T, General Electric, McDonalds, Traveler's Insurance, and Days Inn are just a few of the many companies that have already implemented older worker training programs to better utilize this growing older workforce (Hale, 1990; McNaught, 1994). Moloney and Paul (1992) suggest that updating older workers' skills cost less than hiring new graduates. Inter-generational secondary classroom and other retraining facilities must begin to prepare for the expected workforce of the future. In addition, vocational special needs educators must be aware of the special needs of the older learner associated with the aging process. This article explores the aging process from physical, cognitive, social and psychological perspectives, accommodations for age related changes, retraining mature learners, adaptations of the classroom environment, training technology issues, and successful corporate retraining programs to better prepare vocational educators for the workforce of the new millennium. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31070/
- Chinese Information Retrieval Using Lemur: NTCIR-5 CIR Experiments at UNT
- This paper discusses Chinese information retrieval using Lemur. Abstract: This paper describes our participation in NTCIR-5 Chinese Information Retrieval (IR) evaluation. The main purpose is to evaluate Lemur, a freely available information retrieval toolkit. Our results showed that Lemur could provide above average performance on most of the runs. We also compared manual queries vs. automatic queries for Chinese IR. The results show that manually generated queries did not have much effect on IR performance. More analysis will be carried out to discover causes behind hard topics and ways to improve the overall retrieval performance. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc96829/
- Chinese QA and CLQA: NTCIR-5 QA Experiments at UNT
- Abstract: This paper describes our participation in the NTCIR-5 CLQA task. Three runs were officially submitted for three subtasks: Chinese Question Answering, English-Chinese Question Answering, and Chinese-English Question Answering. We expanded their TREC experimental QA system EagleQA this year to include Chinese QA and Cross-Language QA capabilities. Various information retrieval and natural language processing tools were incorporated with their home-built programs such as Answer Type Identification, Sentence Extraction, and Answer Finding to find answers to the test questions. Future development will focus on investigating effective question translation and answer finding solutions. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc96830/
- The CIMI Profile: Z39.50 Application Profile for Cultural Heritage Information
- This document describes an application profile for the use of 'ANSI/NISO Z39.50-1995, Information Retrieval (Z39.50): Application Service Definition and Protocol Specification' [10] for search and retrieval of cultural heritage information. This profile is named the CIMI Profile, where CIMI refers to the Consortium for the Computer Interchange of Museum Information. Cultural heritage information includes resources covering art, architecture, cultural history, and natural history. The CIMI Profile includes specifications for using Z39.50 in this application, although specifications in the Profile, such as the CIMI-1 Attribute Set for searching museum information, may have utility outside of Z39.50 implementations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc109700/
- CIMI's Z39.50 Interoperability Testbed: Search and Retrieval of Distributed Cultural Heritage Information
- This paper discusses the Consortium for the Computer Interchange of Museum Information (CIMI)'s international effort to provide distributed search and retrieval of cultural heritage information. A primary aspect of CIMI's work utilizes ANSI/NISO Z39.50-1995, and American National Standard protocol for information retrieval. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recently approved Z39.50 as ISO 23950. CIMI chose Z39.50 to enable uniform access to existing and emerging digital collections and the vast repositories of cultural heritage information resources. These resources include a variety of physical and digital objects--physical artifacts and digital derivatives of those artifacts, descriptive records designed for collection management, bibliographic records, full-text documents, online tools such as thesauri and authoritative lists of artists' names, and more. CIMI's application Z39.50 in the networked cultural heritage information environment is breaking new ground in distributed and integrated access to textual and non-textual digital collections. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc36295/
- Collaboration and Crowdsourcing: The Cases of Multilingual Digital Libraries
- This article discusses research on collaboration and crowdsourcing. Abstract: Purpose - This study aims to understand key features of existing multilingual digital libraries and to suggest strategies for building and/or sustaining multilingual information access for digital libraries. Design/methodology/approach - A case study approach was applied to examine four American multilingual digital libraries: Project Gutenburg, Meeting of Frontiers, The International Children's Digital Library, and the Latin American Open Archives Portal. This examination used a framework derived from digital library evaluation practice. The missions, goals, funding, partners, users, collections, services, and technologies of these digital libraries were analyzed to present their key multilingual features. The collaboration and crowdsourcing characteristics were highlighted and discussed. Findings - These four multilingual libraries benefit substantially, both in the creation of the library and in its access, from the collaboration of groups domestic and international with different language expertise. For building the multilingual collection and services, some libraries involved both staff and users. For multilingual access to the collection, however, none of the libraries used machine translation or cross-language information retrieval technologies. Research limitations/implications - The four cases are all publicly available digital libraries in the United States. Their features may not be applicable to digital libraries in other countries or to commercial digital information services. Practical Implications - With the advancement of machine translation technologies and the wide application of social media, multilingual digital libraries may have even better opportunities to sustain their multilingual capabilities through crowdsourcing and the application of new technologies. Originality/value - This study summarizes the key features of four existing multilingual digital libraries. It provides insights into important factors for building successful multilingual digital libraries. The suggested strategies may help digital library developers to design appropriate multilingual information access services. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc96822/
- Collection-Level Subject Access in Aggregations of Digital Collections: Metadata Application and Use
- This doctoral dissertation is about collection-level subject access in aggregations of digital collections. Abstract: Problems in subject access to information organization systems have been under investigation for a long time. Focusing on item-level information discovery and access, researchers have identified a range of subject access problems, including quality and application of metadata, as well as the complexity of user knowledge required for successful subject exploration. While aggregations of digital collections built in the United States and abroad generate collection-level metadata of various levels of granularity and richness, no research has yet focused on the role of collection-level metadata in user interaction with these aggregations. This dissertation research sought to bridge this gap by answering the question "How does collection-level metadata mediate scholarly subject access to aggregated digital collections?" This goal was achieved using three research methods: - in-depth comparative content analysis of collection-level metadata in three large-scale aggregations of cultural heritage digital collections: Opening History, American Memory, and The European Library, - transaction log analysis of user interactions, with Opening History, and - interview and observation data on academic historians interacting with two aggregations: Opening History and American Memory. It was found that subject-based resource discovery is significantly influenced by collection-level metadata richness. The richness includes such components as: 1) describing collection's subject matter with mutually-complementary values in different metadata fields, and 2) a variety of collection properties/characteristics encoded in the free-text Description field, including types and genres of objects in a digital collection, as well as topical, geographic and temporal coverage are the most consistently represented collection characteristics in free-text Description fields. Analysis of user interactions with aggregations of digital collections yields a number of interesting findings. Item-level user interactions were found to occur more often than collection-level interactions. Collection browse is initiated more often than search, while subject browse (topical and geographic) is used most often. Majority of collection search queries fall within FRBR Group 3 categories: object, concept, and place. Significantly more object, concept, and corporate body searches and less individual person, event and class of personas searches were observed in collection searches than in item searches. While collection search is most often satisfied by Description and/or Subjects collection metadata fields, it would not retrieve a significant proportion of collection records without controlled-vocabulary subject metadata (Temporal Coverage, Geographic Coverage, Subjects, and Objects), and free-text metadata (the Description field). Observation data shows that collection metadata records in Opening History and American Memory aggregations are often viewed. Transaction log data show a high level of engagement with collection metadata records in Opening History, with the total page views for collections more than 4 times greater than item page views. Scholars observed viewing collection records valued descriptive information on provenance, collection size, types of objects, subjects, geographic coverage, and temporal coverage information. They also considered the structured display of collection metadata in Opening History more useful than the alternative approach taken by other aggregations, such as American Memory, which displays only the free-text Description field to the end-user. The results extend the understanding of the value of collection-level subject metadata, particularly free-text metadata, for the scholarly users of aggregations of digital collections. The analysis of the collection metadata created by three large-scale aggregations provides a better understanding of collection-level metadata application patterns and suggests best practices. This dissertation is also the first empirical research contribution to test the FRBR model as a conceptual and analytic framework for studying collection-level subject access. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc67618/
- Contextual Metadata in Digital Aggregations: Application of Collection-Level Subject Metadata and its Role in User Interactions and Information Retrieval
- This article discusses contextual metadata in digital aggregations. Abstract: A number of digital libraries that aggregate multiple digital collections are now generating subject metadata to describe intellectual content of entire digital collections as integrated wholes and to provide context for individual digital objects within them. However, the utility of this important contextual metadata has not been empirically evaluated. The exploratory study reported in this article examined and compared collection-level subject metadata in three large-scale aggregations of cultural heritage digital collections in the United States and the European Union and analyzed the role of collection-level metadata in information retrieval in digital aggregations based on user search queries derived from transaction logs. A small-scale targeted user study, which combined interviews and observations of users interacting with an aggregation, was undertaken to complement evidence-based content analysis data. The study revealed considerable variability in two indicators: consistency of applying controlled-vocabulary collection-level subject metadata elements beyond topical and value length of metadata elements. Both free-text and controlled-vocabulary subject metadata were found vital in answering search queries of aggregation users. Users also expressed preference for viewing complete structured collection-level metadata records, which include subject metadata. Results of this study prove importance of provision of collection-level metadata in general and subject metadata in particular to enhance user experiences and information retrieval in digital libraries. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc77125/
- Copyright and Fair Use: An Issue of Ethics in a Changing Learning Environment
- This article discusses copyright issues. Abstract: Copyright infringement is one of the most talked about, yet most misunderstood topics in the curriculum and instructional development areas. The field of copyright protection is fraught with gray areas that undermine an individual's honest ability to discern what might be lawful uses of copyrighted materials. This article begins with a brief history of copyright law in the U.S. and provides examples, references, and discussion of "fair use." Additionally, issues related to the Internet are addressed, including: Web Linking, Framing, Plagiarism, Web-based referencing. Finally, considerations and suggestions for teaching and using ethical practices in the industrial and educational classroom are discussed. Fair use and copyright in educational institutions is largely an ethical issue. Ethics are not dependent on individual's actions. All parties involved must contribute to the ethical nature of an event and must accept both the responsibility for their actions or their non-actions. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31081/
- Counterfactual Image of Don and Marge 1946
- This photograph depicts a couple standing on the sidewalk next to a street. There are buildings in the background and snow along the ground. The couple appears in black and white and the surroundings appear in color. The photographer placed the black and white photograph of the couple taken in 1946 and put it on top of a photograph of the same location taken over 50 years later. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc83785/
- Creating Radioactive MARC Records and Z Queries Using the MARCdocs Database
- This document describes how the authors can extend a relational database of MARC documentation to store the appropriate information that will support the automatic generation of the special, diagnostic MARC records the authors will call radioactive MARC (RadMARC) records. The information contained in the database will also support the generation of the Z queries used in the interoperability testing. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc111003/
- Cross-Cultural Training and Success Versus Failure of Expatriates
- This article discusses cross-cultural training (CCT) and success versus failure of expatriates. Abstract: The past few decades has seen an explosion in research on expatriates and CCT. There has been controversy and an unending debate on the goals, effectiveness, implementation, and processes of CCT. There are very few reviews that have condensed literature detailing the best practices of CCT. This review also details the success and failure of expatriates. The antecedents or moderators that play a role in the evaluation of success and failure have been outlined in this literature review. It also brings to light certain solutions that will make CCT more effective and provides directions for future research. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc122179/
- Cross-language search: The case of Google Language Tools
- This article discusses cross-language search. Abstract: This paper presents a case study of Google Language Tools, especially its cross-language search service. Cross-language search integrates machine translation (MT) and cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) technologies and allows Web users to search and read pages written in languages different from their search terms. In addition to cross-language search, Google Language Tools provides various language support services to multilingual information access. Our study examines the functions of Google Language Tools and the performance of its cross-language search. The results and analysis show that Google Language Tools are useful for Web users. Its cross-language search service provides quality query translation while the automatic translation of result pages needs further improvement. The paper suggests that cross-language search could be used by different types of Web users. The authors also discuss the strategies and important issues with regard to implementing multilingual information access services for information systems. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc96824/
- CTR-NT: A Survey of Local Cataloging Tool and Resource Utilization
- This presentation discusses a grant project on Cataloging Tools and Resource: North Texas (CTR-NT). The study aimed to discover the extent and utilization of cataloging tools and resources within technical service departments in the public libraries of the North Texas Regional Library System (NTRLS) and the North East Texas Library System (NETLS). digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc83787/
- Current Quality Assurance Practices in Web Archiving
- This poster discusses current practices in quality assurance for web archives. The author examined three publicly available documents and contact eight institutions for perspectives on QA. In addition, two interviews were conducted with web archiving staff. This poster presents the results of this research project. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc159526/
- Data Normalization Procedures on Decomposed MARC 21 Records
- In this document, the authors present some aspects of data normalization of the decomposed records to improve the results of analysis. The data normalization processes use pattern-matching techniques to eliminate and/or generalize anomalous characters and terms. Since the unit of analysis in preparing the test dataset of 400,000 MARC 21 records is a "word," there was a need for data normalization to provide reliability in the subsequent analysis. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc111005/
- Decomposing MARC 21 Records for Analysis
- This document discusses decomposing MARC 21 records for analysis. To prepare the test dataset of the 1% sample of MARC 21 records from the WorldCat database for use in the Z39.50 Interoperability Testbed, the authors need to be able to efficiently analyze the records to determine relevant records to be returned for a set of test searches. The first step in that analysis is to determine the occurrence of test search terms in specific records. This document describes the general approach for this analysis and identifies specifications for the analysis. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc110995/
- Developing an Alternative Approach for Interoperability Testing of Library Z39.50 Servers
- This document describes a plan of work to develop and test an alternative approach for interoperability testing. This approach builds on the conceptual and technical infrastructure developed during the Z-Interop Project. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc111279/
- The Development and Assessment of an Instrument for Measuring Mental Model Styles in Korea
- This article discusses a research study on the development and assessment of an instrument for measuring mental model styles in Korea. Abstract: This research study documents the development and validation of a new instrument for measuring individual mental model styles. In particular, the instrument is developed for use in organizational performance and change settings. Existing approaches to accessing and assessing mental models are reviewed, and the conclusion is drawn that none are survey-based, quantitative measures useful in organizational settings. Instrument development procedures with an expert panel are described, as well as data collection and analysis. The resulting instrument is provided along with exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis results. Recommendations for further research and establishing continued validity are provided. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115197/
- Digital Curation and Data Management Capacity Building: Curricula and Workforce
- This poster discusses digital curation and data management capacity building, as part of the iCAMP project. The authors are currently in the stage of identifying competencies that are required for digital curation and data management practice. This poster will present the preliminary competencies the authors developed for the curriculum based on extensive literature review and job posting analysis. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc86823/
- Digital Curation in the Academic Library Job Market
- This paper discusses digital curation in the academic library job market. With the increasingly important role librarians play in the fast-paced and data-intensive digital curation movement, there is a need to identify the qualifications and responsibilities expected by employers. An investigation of 110 recent job advertisements was conducted to identify competencies required of individuals working in the digital curation field. The job ads analysis serves as an important indicator of the emerging requirements for a qualified workforce in the field of digital curation in the academic library job market. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc122170/
- Digital Information Curation for 21st Century Science and Scholarship: Experience-Based Learning for Information Professionals and Disciplinary Researchers
- This is the narrative for a proposal to the Institute of Museum and Library Services' (IMLS) Laura Bush 21st Century Librarian Program. The proposed initiative's goal is to build capacity in the University of North Texas' (UNT) Library and Information Sciences (LIS) curriculum to increase the number of appropriately trained information professionals and disciplinary researchers and scholars for digital curation and data management responsibilities. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc86945/
- A DSpace Foundation for a Teaching and Research Commons: The Metadata Education and Research Information Commons
- This poster discusses the Metadata Education and Research Information Commons (MERIC). MERIC originated from an action plan of the Library of Congress and addresses the need to prepare future information professionals to organize and provide access to digital resources. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc111008/
- Educators', Administrators' and Students' Perceptions of Principles of Technology Programs in Pennsylvania
- This article discusses educators', administrators' and students' perceptions of principles of technology programs in Pennsylvania. Abstract: This study assesses the Principles of Technology Applied Science high school courses taught in Pennsylvania. Specifically, this study determines: 1) the number of Level I and II Principle of Technology courses taught; 2) teachers', administrators' and students' perceptions toward the Principle of Technology high school curriculum; 3) Principle of Technology teachers' perceptions of student achievement on state outcomes in science and technology; and 4) how Principle of Technology courses are being infused into the existing curriculum. Findings from this study indicate that both administrators, teachers, and students react favorably to the Principle of Technology Applied Science high school courses. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31067/
- Enhancing Assignment Completion in Academically Diverse Vocational Classes
- Abstract: This article describes methods and procedures for (a) planning assignments in vocational settings that will meet the special learning needs of all students in the class and (b) teaching students a self-checking process to evaluate their own work for quality before turning it in to the teacher. In cooperation with Individual Education Plans, the planning component of The Quality Assignment Routine provides vocational special needs educators an additional tool to better facilitate learning in diverse vocational classrooms. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31068/
- An Event Model for Herbarium Specimen Data in XML
- This poster discusses the Apiary Project. The Apiary Project, a collaboration of the Texas Center for Digital Knowledge at the University of North Texas and the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, is building a framework and web-based workflow for the extraction and parsing of herbarium specimen data. The workflow will support the transformation of written or printed specimen data into a high-quality machine-processable XML format. This poster describes an event model that informed the development of the Apiary XML Application Schema digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc81369/
- An Event Model for Herbarium Specimen Data in XML Poster Abstract
- This abstract describes a poster about the Apiary Project. The Apiary Project, a collaboration of the Texas Center for Digital Knowledge at the University of North Texas and the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, is building a framework and web-based workflow for the extraction and parsing of herbarium specimen data. The workflow will support the transformation of written or printed specimen data into a high-quality machine-processable XML format. This poster describes an event model that informed the development of the Apiary XML Application Schema digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc81384/
- Examining MARC Records as Artifacts Reflecting Metadata Utilization Decisions
- This presentation discusses the MARC Content Designation Utilization (MCDU) Project. It presents information about the goals and scope of the project, the methodology and information about the process, and the implications of this project. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc36282/
- Examining MARC Records as Artifacts That Reflect Metadata Utilization Decisions
- This article examines MARC records as artifacts that reflect metadata utilization decisions. The Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) awarded a National Leadership Grant to the Texas Center for Digital Knowledge at the University of North Texas (UNT) to investigate the coding of information and metadata utilization in a large set of machine-readable catalog (MARC) records. The project, Examining Present Practices to Inform Future Metadata Use: An Empirical Analysis of MARC Content Designation Utilization, is investigating the extent of catalogers' use of MARC 21, the markup language used by catalogers worldwide to create catalog records. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc102279/
- EXIF and Electric Boat
- This photograph shows a Nikon camera on a tripod in the middle of a an electric boat. The electric boat is sitting on the edge of the water. Over the image, photographic information is listed in white font. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc83782/
- Exploring Learner to Content Interaction as a Success Factor in Online Courses
- This article discusses exploring learner to content interaction as a success factor in online courses. Abstract: Interaction plays a critical role in the learning process. For online course participants, interaction with the course content (learner-content interaction) is especially important because it can contribute to successful learning outcomes and course completion. This study aims to examine the relationship between learner-content interaction and course grade to determine if this interaction type is a contributing success factor. Data related to student interaction with course content, including time spent reviewing online course materials, such as module PowerPoint presentations and course videos and time spent completing weekly quizzes, were collected for students in three sections of an online course (N = 139). The data were then correlated against grades achieved in the course to determine if there was any relationship. Findings indicate statistically significant relationships between the amount of time the learner spent with the content and weekly quiz grades (r = .-72). The study concludes that learners who spent more time interacting with course content achieve higher grades than those who spent less time with the content. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc122167/
- An Extensible Approach to Interoperability Testing: The Use of Special Diagnostic Records in the Context of Z39.50 and Online Library Catalogs
- This presentation is about interoperability testing. Abstract: Assessing interoperability in the networked information services and applications environment presents difficult challenges due in part to the multi-level and multi-faceted aspects of interoperability. Recent research to establish an interoperability testbed in the context of Z39.50 protocol clients and servers and online catalog applications identified threats to interoperability and defined a question space for interoperability testing. This paper reports on follow-up research to develop an alternative approach for interoperability testing in the context of networked information retrieval that uses specially designated diagnostic records. These records, referred to as radioactive records, enable interoperability testing for other metadata and protocol application environments. The resulting interoperability testbed incorporates additional components to exploit automatic processes for interoperability testing and assessment, thus improving the efficiency of interoperability testing. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc36271/
- An Extensible Approach to Interoperability Testing: The Use of Special Diagnostic Records in the Context of Z39.50 and Online Library Catalogs
- This paper discusses an extensible approach to interoperability testing. Assessing interoperability in the networked information services and applications environment presents difficult challenges due in part to the multi-level and multi-faceted aspects of interoperability. Recent research to establish an interoperability testbed in the context of Z39.50 protocol clients and servers and online catalog applications identified threats to interoperability and defined a question space for interoperability testing. This paper reports on follow-up research to develop an alternative approach for interoperability testing in the context of networked information retrieval that uses specially designed diagnostic records. These records, referred to as radioactive records, enable interoperability assessment at the protocol and semantic levels. This approach appears to offer an extensible method for interoperability testing for other metadata and protocol application environments. The resulting interoperability testbed incorporates additional components to exploit automatic processes for interoperability testing and assessment, thus improving the efficiency of interoperability testing. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc102276/
- Extracting and Parsing of Herbarium Specimen Data: Exploring the Use of the Dublin Core Application Profile Framework
- This paper discusses extraction and parsing of herbarium specimen data. Abstract: Herbaria around the world house millions of plant specimens; botanists and other researchers value these resources as ingredients in biodiversity research. Even when the specimen sheets are digitized and made available online, the critical information about the specimen stored on the sheet are not in a usable (i.e., machine-processible) form. This paper describes a current research and development project that is designing and testing high-throughput workflows that combine machine- and human-processes to extract and parse the specimen label data. The primary focus of the paper is the metadata needs for the workflow and the creation of the structured metadata records describing the plant specimen. In the project, the authors are exploring the use of the new Dublin Core Metadata Initiative framework for application profiles. First articulated as the Singapore Framework for Dublin Core Application Profiles in 2007, the use of this framework is in its infancy. The promises of this framework for maximum interoperability and for documenting the use of metadata for maximum reusability, and for supporting metadata applications that are in conformance with Web architectural principles provide the incentive to explore and add implementation experience regarding this new framework. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc81386/
- Final Report for The Z39.50 Interoperability Testbed Project Phase 2: Developing an Alternative Approach for Interoperability Testing of Library Z39.50 Servers
- This report discusses the Z39.50 interoperability testbed project, phase 2. Abstract: The U.S. Federal Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) awarded a National Leadership Grant in 2000 to support the research and demonstration project, 'Realizing the Vision of Networked Access to Library Resources: An Applied Research Demonstration Project to Establish and Operate a Z39.50 Interoperability Testbed.' In the project team's December 31, 2003 interim status report on the Z39.50 Interoperability Testbed Project (Z-Interop), the project team highlighted the challenges of individual libraries to participate in the Z-Interop testbed and the project team suggested an alternative method for interoperability testing for Z39.50 servers that could accommodate the limitations of individual library systems. In May, 2004, IMLS awarded an extension to the Z-Interop Project for additional research to develop and test an alternative approach for interoperability testing and also awarded approximately $50,000 in additional funding to carry out the research. The project team refers to this extension to the original award as Z-Interop Phase 2 or Z-Interop2. Research during Z-Interop2 built on the conceptual and technical infrastructure developed during the Z-Interop Project. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc111287/
- Findings Pertaining to the Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections
- This paper discusses the findings pertaining to the framework for building good digital collections. This paper is part of the three-year interim project report for the IMLS Digital Collections & Content Project, summarizing major findings October 2002 through September 2005. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc77124/
- A Fixed Effects Panel Data Model: Mathematics Achievement in the U.S.
- This article discusses a fixed effects panel data model. Abstract: Statistical models that combine cross section and time series data offer analysis and interpretation advantages over separate cross section or time series data analyses (Matyas & Severstre, 1996). Time series and cross section designs have not been commonplace in the research community until the last 25 years (Tieslau, 1999). In this study, a fixed effects panel data model is applied to the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88) data to determine if educational process variables, teacher emphasis, student self-concept, and socio-economic status can account for variance in student mathematical achievement. A model that includes seven independent variables accounted for 25% of the variance in student mathematical achievement test score. The study provides educational researchers with an applied model for panel data analysis. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31075/
- Free-Text Collection-Level Metadata in Large-Scale Digital Libraries: A Comparative Content Analysis
- This presentation includes audio/video media and discusses metadata. This presentation reports results of the study that used an in-depth comparative content analysis to assess free-text collection-level subject metadata in three large-scale digital cultural heritage aggregations in the United States and Europe. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc83314/