Description: This article discusses K-shell x-ray production by 0.5-2.5-MeV ₄⁹Be+ ions incident upon selected elements from fluorine to potassium. Abstract: K-shell x-ray production cross sections are reported for ₄⁹Be+ ions incident upon thin ₉F, ₁₁Na, ₁₃Al, ₁₄Si, ₁₅P, ₁₇Cl, and ₁₉K targets. Incident-beam energies range from 0.5 to 2.5 MeV. It is found that the first Born approximation (plane-wave Born approximation plus the Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers treatment by Nikolaev) greatly overpredicts the data, while the predictions of the perturbed-stationary-state theory with energy-loss, Coulomb deflection, and relativistic corrections (ECPSSR) are generally in good agreement with the data. There is a low-velocity discrepancy between the data and the ECPSSR predictions which may be due to multiple ionization effects on the fluorescence yields used to convert total ionization to x-ray production cross sections.

Description: This article discusses low-level copper concentration measurements in silicon wafers using trace-element accelerator mass spectrometry. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is now widely used in over 30 laboratories throughout the world to measure ratios of the abundances of long-lived radioisotopes such as ¹⁰Be, ¹⁴C, ³⁶Cl, and ¹²⁷I to their stable isotopes at levels as low as 10(-16). Trace-element AMS (TEAMS) is an application of AMS to the measurement of very low levels of stable isotope impurities. Copper concentrations as low as 1 part per billion have been measured in silicon wafers. In this letter, the authors demonstrate the use of TEAMS to measure previously unknown copper concentration depth profiles in As-implanted Si wafers at a few parts per billion. To verify the TEAMS technique, the samples from the same wafer were measured with secondary ion mass spectrometry, which showed the same profiles, albeit plateauing out at a concentration level six times higher than the TEAMS measurement. The ability to measure at these levels is especially significant in light of the recent moves towards the use of copper interconnects in place of aluminum in integrated circuits.

Description: This article discusses rhetorical moves in YouTube's archive. The rhetorical effects of YouTube may be usefully demonstrated by looking briefly at the effects of YouTube on the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign. Whether YouTube videos invigorated campaigns or damned them, it is clear from the 2008 campaign that YouTube videos have come to play a significant role in authorizing arguments in American culture.

Description: This article discusses neoliberal dispositif and the rise of fundamentalism. While developmental theorists rely heavily on analysis of macro and micro economic theories and developmental sequencing, not much attention is paid to the undeniable linkage between the post-seventies liberalization of global economies and the rise of different kinds of religious fundamentalism. This article suggests that there is a strong connection between neoliberal economics and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism. The rise of Islamic fundamentalism in Pakistan can be directly linked to the insertion of performative religious acts, predominantly Islamic, into the national public sphere during the rule of Zia-ul-Haq. Since that time, the public sphere in Pakistan has been increasingly Islamized, and the space of minorities within the public sphere has constantly diminished. Furthermore, this rise of fundamentalism is inextricably linked with the deregulation policies adopted for Pakistan. Thus, as the state fails in its redemptive functions, the private religious charities encroach upon the civic functions of the state, which enables such entities to shape and imbue the public consciousness of their beneficiaries with an exclusivist and chauvinistic view of the world. The fundamentalist Islamic ideologies, that of the Taliban for example, must posit a threatening "other" in order to ...

Description: This article discusses nuclear lifetime of states in ⁹⁴TC and ⁹⁶TC via the pulsed-beam, direct-timing technique. The mean lifetimes of the 333 keV level in ⁹⁴TC and the 119 and 315 keV levels in ⁹⁶TC were measured by the pulsed-beam, direct-timing technique. The values obtained for the mean lifetimes are: τ(333 keV)=2.2(-0.3)(+0.5) nsec, τ(119 keV)=37.0(-0.3)(+0.6) nsec, and τ(315 keV)=2.9(-0.2)(+0.5) nsec. The transition strengths are in agreement with those for other transitions in this mass region.