Description: This article discusses anomalous diffusion and environment-induced quantum decoherence. Abstract: We study the anomalous diffusion resulting from the standard map in the so-called accelerating state, and we observe that it is determined by unusually large times of sojourn of the classical trajectories in the fractal region at the border between the chaotic sea and the acceleration island. The quantum-mechanical breakdown of this property implies a coherence among so slightly different values of momentum as to become much more robust against environment fluctuations than the quantum localization corresponding to normal diffusion.

Description: This article discusses the application of the correlation consistent composite approach (ccCA). Abstract: The correlation consistent composite approach (ccCA) has been applied to the G3/05 training set of 51 energetic properties for the atoms and molecules that contain the 4p elements, Ga-Kr. When atomic and molecular first-order spin orbit coupling corrections are added to open shell atoms and molecules, the ccCA has a mean absolute deviation from experiment (MAD) of 0.95 kcal mol-1, an improvement of 0.10 kcal mol-1 over G3 and G3X model chemistries. The performance of the ccCA on third-row-containing atoms and molecules is, therefore, commensurate in accuracy with previous studies on lighter main group elements H-Ar. While the typical methods used to compute theoretical molecular spin orbit corrections may go against the spirit of "black box" model chemistries, such corrections may be necessary for molecules containing heavy elements such as Ga-Kr. For example, when second-order spin orbit corrections are added to the atomic and molecular energies, the ccCA MAD is reduced to 0.88 kcal mol-1.

Description: Abstract: This article analyzes the relationship between real interest rates and real growth rates in wages. The stationary of these time series has been discussed in the literature. However, since the net discount ratio, (1 + gτ)/(1 + rτ), is a nonlinear transformation, it is not necessarily stationary even if the interest rate and growth rate in wages series are each stationary. On the other hand, the net discount ratio may be stationary even if the interest rate and growth rate series are both non-stationary. The significant finding of this article is that this ratio is stationary. This conclusion appears robust since it holds for at least four different Treasury securities analyzed: three month, six month, one year, and three year. Therefore, a real net discount ratio, (1 + gτ)/(1 + rτ), can be used with confidence in constructing present value forecasts of expected earnings.

Description: This article discusses arylpalladium phosphonate complexes as reactive intermediates in phosphorus-carbon bond forming reactions. Abstract: Phosphorus-carbon bond formation from discrete transition metal complexes have been investigated through a combination of synthetic, spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational methods. Reactive intermediates of the type (diphosphine)Pd(aryl)P(O)(OEt)2) have been prepared, characterized, and studied as possible intermediates in metal-mediated coupling reactions. Several of the reactive intermediates were characterized crystallographically, and a discussion of the solid state structures is presented. In contrast to other carbon-heteroelement bond forming reactions, palladium complexes containing electron-donating substituents on the aromatic fragment exhibited faster rates of reductive elimination. Large bit angle diphosphine ligands induced rapid rates of elimination, while bipyridine and small bite angle diphosphine ligands resulted in much slower rates of elimination. An investigation of the effect of typical impurities on the elimination reaction was carried out. While excess diphosphine, pyridine, and acetonitrile had little effect on the observed rate, the addition of water slowed the phosphorus-carbon bond forming reaction. Coordination of water to the complex was observed spectroscopically and crystallographically. Computational studies were utilized to probe the reaction pathways for P-C bond formation via Pd catalysis.

Description: In this article, the authors report ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy studies of the clean nonhydrogen-terminated diamond (100)-2 X 1 surface showing single- and double-layer steps that are rebonded. The main defects observed are single, multiple, and row dimer vacancies, and antiphase boundaries. Buckling of dimers is not observed, consistent with symmetric dimers.