Description: This article discusses ₁¹H+ - and ₂⁴He+ -induced M-shell x-ray production cross sections for selected elements in the rare-earth region. Abstract: The measurements of M-shell x-ray-production cross sections induced by ₁¹H+ and ₂⁴He+ ions are compared to the first-Born-approximation and ECPSSR (energy loss, Coulomb-deflection effects; perturbed-stationary-state approximation, with relativistic corrections) theories. Most of the reported experimental data were measured in the authors' laboratory and the other measurements were taken from the literature. The data from the authors' laboratory were for incident H+ and He+ ions in the energy range from 0.25 to 2.5 MeV. The M-shell x-ray-production cross sections were measured for the following thin targets: 59Pr, 60Nd, 63Eu, 64Gd, 66Dy, 67Ho, 68Er, 70Yb, and 72Hf. The data were for the following elements: 54Xe, 59Pr, 60Nd, 62Sm, 63Eu, 64Gd, 65Tb, 66Dy, 67Ho, 68Er, 70Yb, 72Hf, 73Ta, 74W, 78Pt, 79Au, 80Hg, 82Pb, 83Bi, and 92U. The first-born-approximation calculations of the ionization cross section were made using the plane-wave Born approximation for direct ionization and the Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers approximation of Nikolaev for electron capture. The ECPSSR theory of Brandt and Lapicki [Phys. Rev. A 23, 1717 (1981)] goes beyond the first Born approximation and accounts for the energy loss, Coulomb deflection, and relativistic ...

Description: This article discusses Abraham model correlations for solute partitioning into o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene from both water and the gas phase. Abstract: Experimental data have been compiled from the publisher literature on the partition coefficients of solutes and vapors into o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene at 298 K. The logarithms of the water-to-xylene partition coefficients, log P, and gas-to-xylene partition coefficients, log K, were correlated with the Abraham solvation parameter model. The derived mathematical expressions described the observed log P and log K data for the three xylene isomers to within average deviations of 0.14 log units or less.

Description: This article discusses absorption and emission in the Non-Poissonian Case. Abstract: This Letter addresses the challenging problems posed to the Kubo-Anderson (KA) theory by the discovery of intermittent resonant fluorescence with a nonexponential distribution of waiting times. We show how to extend the KA theory from aged to aging systems, aging for a very extended time period or even forever, being a crucial consequence of non-Poisson statistics.

Description: This article discusses the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) Broader Impacts Merit Review Criterion in relation to the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010.

Description: This article discusses a comparison of density functional theory with single- and multireference correlation consistent composite approaches. Abstract: The kinetics and thermodynamics of copper-mediated nitrene insertion into C-H and H-H bonds (the former of methane) have been studied using several levels of theory: B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p), B97-1/cc-pVTZ, PBE1KCIS/cc-pVTZ, and ccCA (correlation consistent Composite Approach). The results show no significant difference among the DFT methods. All three DFT methods predict the ground state of the copper-nitrene model complex, L'Cu(NH), to be a triplet, while single reference ccCA predicts the singlet to be the ground state. The contributions to the total ccCA energy indicate that the singlet state is favored at the MP2/CBS level of theory, while electron correlation beyond this level (CCSD(T)) favors a triplet state, resulting in a close energetic balance between the two states. A multireference ccCA method is applied to the nitrene active species and supports the assignment of a singlet ground state. In general, the largest difference in the model reaction cycles between DFT and ccCA methods is for processes involving radicals and bond dissociation.