Latest content added for UNT Digital Library Partner: UNT Librarieshttps://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/partners/UNT/browse/?fq=str_degree_discipline:Criminal+Justice&sort=default&fq=dc_rights_access:public2019-06-09T21:09:49-05:00UNT LibrariesThis is a custom feed for browsing UNT Digital Library Partner: UNT LibrariesEx-Offender Reentry: An Analysis of Current Policies and Programs2018-01-27T07:36:46-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062800/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062800/"><img alt="Ex-Offender Reentry: An Analysis of Current Policies and Programs" title="Ex-Offender Reentry: An Analysis of Current Policies and Programs" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062800/small/"/></a></p><p>Recidivism rates among ex-offender populations have consistently remained high. With over 600,000 ex-offenders being released from prison each year, reducing the rate of recidivism among the ex-offender class has become a highly debated issue. Ensuring ex-offenders successfully reintegrate into the community post-incarceration may help to reduce recidivism rates. Through a qualitative thematic analysis, this study examined various policies and program that may impact recidivism rates among ex-offenders. The policies and programs reviewed in this study were categorized among six main themes which were identified in prior literature as the most crucial elements needed for successful reintegration. The findings indicate that while many policy changes have been made to positively impact ex-offender reintegration by allowing initial access to services post-release from prison, more should be done to ensure ex-offenders actually receive needed services.</p>Untangled: The Effects Family Structure Has on Juvenile Delinquency2018-01-27T07:36:46-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062879/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062879/"><img alt="Untangled: The Effects Family Structure Has on Juvenile Delinquency" title="Untangled: The Effects Family Structure Has on Juvenile Delinquency" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062879/small/"/></a></p><p>Juvenile delinquency is an issue in today's society for various reasons. This issue can result due to different motives, but family dynamics is one of the most vital factors. The current study extends prior research done in regards to the family factors that affect juvenile delinquency and what policies and programs are available to eliminate these factors. The seven family dynamics that are studied are socioeconomic status, divorce, cohabiting, family transitions, parental incarceration, parental control, as well as parental substance abuse. A subsample of policies and programs are assigned to each factor and researched of whether or not they are effective. Majority of the programs were effective and were found to minimize antisocial behaviors among adolescents. The programs that were not evaluated were still found to have a positive impact on juveniles' behaviors due to the outcomes of the policies. Investing in these programs and policies are beneficial for juveniles and the impact that family dynamics play on delinquency.</p>The Integral Role of Training in the Implementation of Hate Crime Legislation2007-09-25T21:25:17-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2818/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2818/"><img alt="The Integral Role of Training in the Implementation of Hate Crime Legislation" title="The Integral Role of Training in the Implementation of Hate Crime Legislation" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2818/small/"/></a></p><p>This research focuses on the association between law enforcement training and implementation of hate crime legislation. The Anti-Defamation League's state hate crime statutory provisions and the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Hate Crime Reporting by States data are examined. Section one includes the following: What Constitutes Hate?, The History of Hate Crime Legislation, and Issues Facing Hate Crime Legislation. Section two surveys literature on both Hate Crime Legislation and the training of law enforcement officers. Section three discusses the Anti-Defamation League and FBI data in detail and explains the methods used to test the association between law enforcement training and reporting of hate crime legislation. Findings yield a statistically significant association between law enforcement training and reporting of hate crime legislation.</p>Media Influence on Executive Police Decision-Making: A Case Study of Police and Media Interaction During the Oklahoma City Bombing Investigation and Trials2007-09-25T21:25:14-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2821/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2821/"><img alt="Media Influence on Executive Police Decision-Making: A Case Study of Police and Media Interaction During the Oklahoma City Bombing Investigation and Trials" title="Media Influence on Executive Police Decision-Making: A Case Study of Police and Media Interaction During the Oklahoma City Bombing Investigation and Trials" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2821/small/"/></a></p><p>Because media influence public opinion, it is often surmised that media also influence the decisions of police executives. This exploratory case study examined the relationship between police and media during the Oklahoma City bombing investigation and subsequent trials of Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. Findings indicate that media influence police executive decisions when police and media interact closely. It was found that during the Oklahoma City bombing investigation and trials, police on the outer perimeter were influenced most and police conducting the investigation or who were tasked to court room security were influenced the least. It was concluded, based on the consensus of respondents interviewed, that media do influence police executive decisions.</p>Transnational Organized Crime and Destabilization in Democracies, Russian Organized Crime as Case Study2007-09-25T22:20:58-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2827/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2827/"><img alt="Transnational Organized Crime and Destabilization in Democracies, Russian Organized Crime as Case Study" title="Transnational Organized Crime and Destabilization in Democracies, Russian Organized Crime as Case Study" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2827/small/"/></a></p><p>Transnational organized crime has been prevalent during the last century, but it recently has been recognized as a threat to the world order. Governments throughout the world, along with the intergovernmental organizations identified this phenomenon as a new threat to domestic and international security. This paper attempts to explain the impacts of transnational organized crime on the functioning of democratic societies by adopting the Russian Organized Crime as case study. The descriptive research with regard to definition, scope and organization of transnational organized crime, along with the objectives, limitations and methodology of this research will be included in the first chapter. Recent trends observed in organized crime`s character and the impact of organized crime on the political economies of democratic regimes will be contained in the following chapters. Pre-conditions for a broader response to transnational organized crime and conclusive remarks will be the context of the last chapter.</p>A survey of the Greater Dallas Crime Commission and its effect on the2007-09-25T21:26:46-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2792/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2792/"><img alt="A survey of the Greater Dallas Crime Commission and its effect on the" title="A survey of the Greater Dallas Crime Commission and its effect on the" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2792/small/"/></a></p><p>This thesis examines the history of the Greater Dallas Crime Commission and its effectiveness within the criminal justice system. It is a private agency established fifty (50) years ago to monitor and investigate the criminal justice system. Today, it serves as a source of funding for criminal justice agencies, provides awards and recognition forums for law enforcement and lobbies for legal revisions of the criminal code. The research is designed to examine their role within the criminal justice system. Whether current crime theories are supported by the commission is central to the thesis. There are no prior studies available of crime commissions perhaps because they are privately funded and operated by civilians. Crime commissions do exert influence, politically and financially, upon law enforcement. It is reflected often in their history. The extent of this effect is the subject of the paper. To this end, the commission's role in changing state laws, providing funds for police training, recognizing prosecutors and paying awards to informants lends credibility to their role in the criminal justice system. Their function has often changed during the fifty-year history. If there is a deficit, it may be that the commission has the capability, through its sphere of influence, of encouraging civilian actions that may conflict with law enforcement policy. Some examples of these are included in the study.</p>The Sex Offender Registry in Collin County, Texas: a Descriptive Analysis of Sex Offenders2014-02-01T18:14:03-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271909/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271909/"><img alt="The Sex Offender Registry in Collin County, Texas: a Descriptive Analysis of Sex Offenders" title="The Sex Offender Registry in Collin County, Texas: a Descriptive Analysis of Sex Offenders" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271909/small/"/></a></p><p>The primary goal of this study was to analyze the characteristics of current registered sex offenders in Collin County, Texas, as well as to compare age and gender of the victims of these offenders in order to know who sex offenders primarily target in these crimes. The study also sought to discover geographic patterns of where the registered sex offenders reside for the purpose of keeping communities aware. Participants consisted of 175 registered sex offenders (N = 175) in Collin County, Texas, found on Collin County's and the Texas Department of Public Safety's online public registries. The findings demonstrate that there were significant trends among the sex offenders, their victims, location of residence, and housing complications as a result of progressing sex offender laws. Treatment programs and the reintegration of offenders in the community were also addressed. The meaning of the results in this study can aid in the development of safety and prevention strategies, provide an understanding about the utilization of sex offender registries, and can benefit law enforcement to predict the movement of current sex offenders, along with knowing where to find other potential offenders.</p>Is There Justice in Mercy? the Retributive Philosophies of Executive Clemency2014-02-01T18:14:03-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271818/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271818/"><img alt="Is There Justice in Mercy? the Retributive Philosophies of Executive Clemency" title="Is There Justice in Mercy? the Retributive Philosophies of Executive Clemency" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271818/small/"/></a></p><p>Executive clemency is assumed to be a mechanism to correct miscarriages of justice brought about by the criminal justice system, yet little empirical research exists to confirm this assumption. This research study examined the types of rationales cited in 799 cases of executive clemency from six states from 2005 to 2012. Rationales based upon retributive philosophies, in which a miscarriage of justice was cited, were further analyzed. This analysis revealed that only seven percent of all clemency decisions from the examined states cited retributive rationales. Of the fifty-six grants of clemency that cited retributive rationales, most were granted in the forms of pardons. The analysis indicated that executive clemency is utilized as a mechanism to correct injustices, specifically in cases of innocence. This study concludes with a discussion of policy implications and the reliance on executive clemency as a fail-safe to the criminal justice system.</p>Recidivism Among Juvenile Sex Offenders in Texas2014-02-01T18:14:03-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271862/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271862/"><img alt="Recidivism Among Juvenile Sex Offenders in Texas" title="Recidivism Among Juvenile Sex Offenders in Texas" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271862/small/"/></a></p><p>Juvenile sex offenders represent a serious and violent group of delinquents. Despite the severity of their crimes, the literature focusing on risk factors that influence recidivism and the types of re-arrest after incarceration is lacking. This research study examined 499 determinately sentenced juvenile sex offenders that were released from the Texas Juvenile Justice Department. This sample was then followed for three years upon their release. This analysis revealed that 51.5 percent were re-arrested for any offense while 45.91 percent were re-arrested for a felony offense. This study identified a number of risk factors relative to JSO recidivism. These factors include having a history of emotional abuse, race being African American, being gang affiliated, having a larger number of previous adjudications, and having higher counts of institutional misconduct infractions. Those JSOs older at intake and release, and those who were incarcerated for longer periods of time were less likely to re-offend upon release. Lastly, this study ends with suggestions for future research as well as policy implications geared toward juvenile sex offenders.</p>Problems Encountered in Money Laundering Investigations2007-09-25T22:20:05-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2856/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2856/"><img alt="Problems Encountered in Money Laundering Investigations" title="Problems Encountered in Money Laundering Investigations" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2856/small/"/></a></p><p>The purpose of this study is to identify how the U.S. is responding to money laundering and what kind of problems arise while countering it, beginning with a detailed description of money laundering, its stages, typologies, impacts, and complications. Due to the broad nature of this subject only three main issues form the focal point of this study: problems concerning the banking industry and other financial organizations, problems resulting from the limitations of law enforcement agencies, and problems arising from the lack of cooperation between and within financial institutions and law enforcement agencies. Several probable solutions to the above problems are identified: Considering the financial industry, there are loopholes in the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and in other regulations that apply to the industry. Thus, there is a comparison of the Subjective Model vs. Objective Model in terms of reporting systems for financial organizations. On the law enforcement side, the priority is the need to update and upgrade their technology and investigation mechanisms in order not to fall behind the criminals. Finally, cooperation is something that can be achieved through mutual respect and understanding of the priorities of each side, which can be achieved by the creation of an upper agency of whose members represent both sides of the combat efforts.</p>Job Satisfaction of Juvenile Facility Directors: Results from a National Survey2007-09-25T22:36:13-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2903/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2903/"><img alt="Job Satisfaction of Juvenile Facility Directors: Results from a National Survey" title="Job Satisfaction of Juvenile Facility Directors: Results from a National Survey" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2903/small/"/></a></p><p>This study utilizes a national survey to measure the job satisfaction of juvenile facility directors. The prior literature has focused on the experiences of line personnel within the adult correctional system, and this research serves to provide new information regarding this specific population. The current study will address the predictors and correlates of a director's job satisfaction. It is hypothesized that specific characteristics within the organization will predict job satisfaction. Issues regarding staff within an institution and their effect on a director's job satisfaction are the focus. Results indicate
that staff issues significantly contribute to the job satisfaction of a director. Specifically, this research can be used to understand facility director retention, staff and juvenile related issues, and the effect of job satisfaction on criminal justice policy issues.</p>New Organized Crime: Problems and Issues for Information Analysis2007-09-25T22:35:40-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2907/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2907/"><img alt="New Organized Crime: Problems and Issues for Information Analysis" title="New Organized Crime: Problems and Issues for Information Analysis" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2907/small/"/></a></p><p>This study illustrates the changing nature of organized crime at both national and international levels. Organized crime groups have changed in that they have entered the realm of high technology. In response this change, the use of new or modified analytical tools is suggested to enhance law enforcement efforts. This study highlights the problems of, and offers particular solutions for information analysis in its use in the fight against organized crime. Ultimately, it is argued that combined crime and intelligence analysis can be an effective and efficient method for the detection and prevention of modern organized crime.</p>The Correctional Orientation of Juvenile Facility Directors2007-09-25T22:38:25-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2865/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2865/"><img alt="The Correctional Orientation of Juvenile Facility Directors" title="The Correctional Orientation of Juvenile Facility Directors" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2865/small/"/></a></p><p>Over the last 30 years, the juvenile justice system and juvenile correctional ideology shifted to become more punitive in nature. However, studies examining this shift are lacking in the literature. The present study will attempt to assess what correctional ideology, rehabilitative or punitive, is dominant within juvenile corrections by conducting a national survey to juvenile facility directors. This study will be based on prior literature, most of which has focused upon line staff in an adult correctional setting. From this prior literature, more specifically from the work of Cullen et al. (1989), scales will be created to determine the correctional orientation of the key administrators in juvenile facilities. This will allow us to assess whether the correctional ideology driving the juvenile system has in fact become punitive. The findings from this study have the opportunity to alter the current status quo in juvenile corrections.</p>Criminal Justice Responses to Emerging Computer Crime Problems2007-09-25T22:38:22-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2866/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2866/"><img alt="Criminal Justice Responses to Emerging Computer Crime Problems" title="Criminal Justice Responses to Emerging Computer Crime Problems" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2866/small/"/></a></p><p>This study discussed the issue of computer crime as it relates to the criminal justice system, specifically law enforcement. The information was gathered through several books, academic journals, governmental documents, and the Internet. First, the nature and forms of computer crime, Internet crime, and cyber terrorism were analyzed. Next, law enforcement responses were discussed. International aspects of the problem were separately pointed out. Further, detection and investigation of computer crime were examined. Problems related to the each component of the criminal justice system (law enforcement, investigators, prosecutors, and judges) were described. Specific solutions to these problems were offered. In addition, computer crime handling procedures were presented. Results indicate that computer crime will increase in the 21st century, and this problem cannot be controlled by traditional methods alone. Using new technology as preventive measures, and increasing awareness and security conscious culture will prevent the problem in the long run.</p>Structuralist and interactionist perspectives of collective behavior and control of crowds.2007-09-25T22:36:23-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2898/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2898/"><img alt="Structuralist and interactionist perspectives of collective behavior and control of crowds." title="Structuralist and interactionist perspectives of collective behavior and control of crowds." src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2898/small/"/></a></p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to understand the concept of collective behavior from different theoretical perspectives and the policy implications they imply for the Turkish Riot Police Units. The civil disturbances in the 1960s have clearly illustrated range of problems in the domain of crowd control. This work will start with the general characteristics and the classification of collective behavior. Second, two main perspectives on collective behavior, which are the structuralist and the interactionist perspectives, will be examined respectively. The question will be asked whether these two perspectives efficiently and effectively explain the crowds and the crowd control. Finally, the other factors in crowd control will be explored, and recommendations concerning the handling of crowds in a more peaceful manner will be made.</p>Civil Asset Forfeiture in the Fight Against Drugs (Policy Analysis)2007-09-26T02:41:44-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3204/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3204/"><img alt="Civil Asset Forfeiture in the Fight Against Drugs (Policy Analysis)" title="Civil Asset Forfeiture in the Fight Against Drugs (Policy Analysis)" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3204/small/"/></a></p><p>Even if the main criminals of an organization are incarcerated, they will be replaced by others who would continue illegal activities, unless their financial assets are removed. Thus, civil forfeiture intends to dismantle the economic infrastructure of drug trafficking networks. Civil forfeiture considers the property as guilty, rather than the owner, and it may exist even if there is not a criminal action. Therefore, it is claimed that police agencies have chosen easy targets, such as wealthy drug users rather than major drug traffickers. Consequently, it has been particularly challenged on the basis of the Excessive Fines, Double Jeopardy, and Due Process Clauses. The use of criminal forfeiture instead of civil forfeiture and the elimination of the equitable sharing provision are considered to be the primary solutions.</p>Characteristics of Community Service Programs and Probationers in Texas2007-09-26T02:39:23-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3219/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3219/"><img alt="Characteristics of Community Service Programs and Probationers in Texas" title="Characteristics of Community Service Programs and Probationers in Texas" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3219/small/"/></a></p><p>As a criminal sanction, community service involves unpaid labor on the part of convicted criminal offenders. Community service was created as an alternative to incarceration for low-level offenders. It now appears, however, that community service is rarely used as a true alternative to prison, but rather as an added condition of probation. The body of research on community service in the United States is modest, so relatively little is known about its characteristics and administration. Data were attained from 88 Texas probation professionals via self-administered written surveys in an effort to gather information about the use of community service as a criminal sanction in Texas. Frequency distribution analyses identified characteristics of both community service programs and offender participants in Texas.</p>Life without Parole for Juvenile Offenders: Questions of Legality and Adolescent Culpability2011-03-30T21:15:03-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31530/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31530/"><img alt="Life without Parole for Juvenile Offenders: Questions of Legality and Adolescent Culpability" title="Life without Parole for Juvenile Offenders: Questions of Legality and Adolescent Culpability" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31530/small/"/></a></p><p>Life without parole for juvenile offenders is a controversial issue across the globe. Recently, the United States stands alone as the only country in the world that allows juvenile offenders to be sentenced to life time confinement without the possibility of parole. Furthermore, the U.S. has seen an increase in juvenile waivers and blended sentences, which has resulted in harsher penalties for juvenile offenders who have committed serious and violent crimes. This analysis examines scientific evidence that shows juveniles are different from adults in terms of brain development, rational decision making abilities, and maturity levels. These findings have questioned the reasoning behind imposing adult punishment on adolescent behavior. This analysis also presents the legal arguments suggesting that juvenile life without parole is unconstitutional and violates the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. Arguments for and against life sentences were also presented. This study concludes with a discussion of policy implications, whether the U.S. Supreme Court should abolish juvenile life without parole sentencing practices and explores the possible future direction of juvenile sentencing in the United States.</p>Violent Female Offending: Examining the Role of Psychopathy and Comorbidity with DSM-IV Personality Disorders2011-01-06T06:55:18-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30465/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30465/"><img alt="Violent Female Offending: Examining the Role of Psychopathy and Comorbidity with DSM-IV Personality Disorders" title="Violent Female Offending: Examining the Role of Psychopathy and Comorbidity with DSM-IV Personality Disorders" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30465/small/"/></a></p><p>This thesis examines the role of psychopathy in violent female offending, and explores DSM-IV personality disorders that may also be a factor. Past research on female offenders and psychopathy suggest that this is a valid construct when looking at female offenders. This study was driven by two questions: which personality disorders are most common in adult female offenders who are psychopathic, and are adult female offenders who are psychopathic more likely to have been convicted of a violent offense than those who are not psychopathic, but have at least one personality disorder. The results indicate that Cluster B personality disorders were the most common, and Cluster C the least common. The results also showed that those women who were psychopathic were no more likely to have been convicted of a violent crime than those who had at least one personality disorder, but were not psychopathic. Treatment implications and the direction of future research are discussed.</p>Criminal Investigations: The Impact of Patrol Officers on Solving Crime2007-09-28T22:05:50-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3594/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3594/"><img alt="Criminal Investigations: The Impact of Patrol Officers on Solving Crime" title="Criminal Investigations: The Impact of Patrol Officers on Solving Crime" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3594/small/"/></a></p><p>This two-part study of the criminal investigation process first evaluated the frequency with which patrol officers solve cases assigned to the investigations division and then examined how detectives spent their time, both on case assignments and on other activity not related to current case assignment. Cases assigned to the investigations division for follow up were examined to determine how often a case was cleared by the patrol officer. The detective's time was then evaluated in order to determine how much time detectives spent on investigative tasks and other activities. This study confirms that the patrol officer should be given more time to conduct preliminary investigations for specific cases, and that tasks performed by detectives could be shifted to other personnel in the department. Both actions should serve to positively impact case clearance rates.</p>Correlates of Recidivism: A Study Examining the Differences Between First Time Felony Probationers and Recidivist Felony Probation Offenders2007-09-28T22:02:00-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3645/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3645/"><img alt="Correlates of Recidivism: A Study Examining the Differences Between First Time Felony Probationers and Recidivist Felony Probation Offenders" title="Correlates of Recidivism: A Study Examining the Differences Between First Time Felony Probationers and Recidivist Felony Probation Offenders" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3645/small/"/></a></p><p>The purpose of this study is to explore the differences and characteristics between first time felony probationer and recidivist felony probation offender. The importance of said studies grows significantly, given current trends of sentencing offenders to probation. Using archived data on random sample of felony offenders in 2000 and based on information acquired and maintained by the Denton County Community Supervision and Corrections Department (CSCD), the study consists of 40 first time felony offenders and 40 recidivist felony offender placed on probation during the year 2000. The method consists of a longitudinal comparison model. To examine the research question, descriptive statistics are used to compare basic demographics. Then, in order to answer the research question bi-variate significant tests, Chi-square and Independent Sample T-tests were employed when appropriate. Results indicate differences between first time felony probation offenders and recidivist felony probationers.</p>Political Misuse of Domestic Intelligence: A Case Study on the FBI2007-09-26T02:39:08-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3223/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3223/"><img alt="Political Misuse of Domestic Intelligence: A Case Study on the FBI" title="Political Misuse of Domestic Intelligence: A Case Study on the FBI" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3223/small/"/></a></p><p>Domestic intelligence is very important in preventing disorder while ensuring unity and security during a time of national crisis. However, if uncontrolled, domestic intelligence can be subject to political misuse, which causes serious damage both to individuals and to democratic institutions. There are various theoretical explanations for political misuse of domestic intelligence. The political use of domestic intelligence is best explained by the sociological theory of unfulfilled needs. On the other hand, political counterintelligence can be best explained by Threat Theory. In order for a domestic intelligence organization to be effective, its organizational discretion must be limited by establishing clear legislation that is not secret, on the focus, limits, and techniques of domestic intelligence. This system must be supported by a multi-level control mechanism.</p>A Case Study on Police Misconduct in the United States of America and an Applicable Model for the Turkish National Police.2007-09-26T02:38:37-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3234/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3234/"><img alt="A Case Study on Police Misconduct in the United States of America and an Applicable Model for the Turkish National Police." title="A Case Study on Police Misconduct in the United States of America and an Applicable Model for the Turkish National Police." src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3234/small/"/></a></p><p>This study explores the underlying causes and deterrent control mechanisms of police misconduct in the United States. Outcomes of causes and control mechanisms constitute the basis for an applicable model for the Turkish National Police (TNP). Why is some police behavior deviate? What are the main determinants of police misconduct? Is police misconduct a result of sociological behavior and subcultural development within police organizations or a psychological behavior as an outcome of officers' personal traits? What are the control mechanisms for police misconduct? What are their strengths and weaknesses? Do they deter or not? Is there a control mechanism that deters better than others? What is the best deterrence model for the TNP?</p>Serial Killing Myths Versus Reality: A Content Analysis Of Serial Killer Flicks Made Between 1980 and 20012007-09-26T02:38:52-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3228/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3228/"><img alt="Serial Killing Myths Versus Reality: A Content Analysis Of Serial Killer Flicks Made Between 1980 and 2001" title="Serial Killing Myths Versus Reality: A Content Analysis Of Serial Killer Flicks Made Between 1980 and 2001" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3228/small/"/></a></p><p>Public perceptions about serial homicide are more mythical than fact. Myths about serial homicide are perpetuated through several sources, especially the entertainment media which is a dominant and influential mythmaker. The number of films depicting serial killers and serial killing themes has increased dramatically in recent years. However, the reality of these films is debatable. This research examines the reality, or lack thereof, of the most recent films involving a serial killing theme. Hickey provides a wealth of statistical information on a number of serial killers and serial killings. A content analysis of the fifty top grossing serial killer movies made between 1980 and 2001 was conducted using variables from Hickey research. Research shows similarities and differences between variables, however, results concludes the entertainment media does not accurately portray serial homicide.</p>Transnational Organized Crime and the Drug Business2007-09-26T02:36:18-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3271/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3271/"><img alt="Transnational Organized Crime and the Drug Business" title="Transnational Organized Crime and the Drug Business" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3271/small/"/></a></p><p>This study analyzes the activities of the organized crime groups involved in the drug business, as well as examining national and international efforts to control these groups. Specifically, this study addresses the following questions: How is organized crime connected to the international drug business?; What are the major transnational organized crime groups involved in the international drug business?; What is the nature of the drug problem as it relates to organized crime internationally?; What international cooperative law enforcement efforts currently exist to deal with organized crime and the drug business? Findings indicate that efforts to create an effective international law enforcement network are needed to meet the challenges of drug trafficking and globalized crime. To date, such efforts have largely been unsuccessful.</p>An unholy alliance: Case studies in narco-terrorism2007-09-26T02:36:36-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3264/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3264/"><img alt="An unholy alliance: Case studies in narco-terrorism" title="An unholy alliance: Case studies in narco-terrorism" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3264/small/"/></a></p><p>This study is designed both as a case study and a literature-based policy analysis to assist interested parties in gaining a better understanding of controversial “narco-terrorism” phenomenon. The objectives of this study are to show the existing connection between some terrorist organizations and drug trafficking to provide academic information about and explanations for terrorism and drug trafficking, to critically analyze the biases of many current narco-terrorism doctrines and to offer a comprehensive and neutral typology that elucidates all types of narco-terrorism. This thesis is presented in four parts. The first part includes an introduction to narco-terrorism and provides a historical background of drug dilemma and terrorism. A number of definitional and conceptual arguments constituting the backbone of the study are laid out in the second part of the study. Third part consists of case studies of three different insurgent groups. An analysis of the information uncovered and presented in previous chapters and a typology of narco-terrorism are provided in the last part. Thesis is concluded with recommendations in an attempt to inspire useful policies for individuals or institutions operating on the field.</p>Comparative Analysis of Interrelations Between Democracy and Democratic Policing Practices2007-09-26T02:36:35-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3263/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3263/"><img alt="Comparative Analysis of Interrelations Between Democracy and Democratic Policing Practices" title="Comparative Analysis of Interrelations Between Democracy and Democratic Policing Practices" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3263/small/"/></a></p><p>It is assumed that democratic policing will help to improve the respect of human rights and democracy in a given country. Using secondary data, this study explores cross-nationally the interrelation between democratic policing practices (e.g., community policing) and democracy and human rights.The results show significant positive correlation between the practice of democratic policing and indicators of democracy and respect for human rights. The analysis strongly implies that scholars have underestimated the power of policing institutions in democratic societies.</p>Community Policing Training Programs and Their Roles in Implementation of Community Policing2007-09-26T02:36:55-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3257/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3257/"><img alt="Community Policing Training Programs and Their Roles in Implementation of Community Policing" title="Community Policing Training Programs and Their Roles in Implementation of Community Policing" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3257/small/"/></a></p><p>The main goal of this study is to indicate the importance of community policing training programs for implementation of community policing. Community policing requires a transition from traditional policing methods to proactive and problem-oriented policing which is constructed upon police-citizen partnership. For the successful implementation of community policing, the change process needs to be fully realized throughout the organization. Suitably appropriate methods of training will help both officers and citizens to fully understand the goals of community policing. This study focuses on the types of existing community training methods as well as the obstacles that complicate training efforts. Consequently, this study provides some recommendations on community policing training programs to make them more helpful for police departments.</p>Ten Years After 9/11: the Structure and Use of Intelligence Units in Local Policing2014-11-08T11:56:31-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407786/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407786/"><img alt="Ten Years After 9/11: the Structure and Use of Intelligence Units in Local Policing" title="Ten Years After 9/11: the Structure and Use of Intelligence Units in Local Policing" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407786/small/"/></a></p><p>The events of September 11, 2001 marked a paradigm shift in the strategy within all levels of law enforcement in the United States. Intelligence became the watchword of the day and with it, the movement to incorporate strategic and tactical information in daily policing. Yet while the philosophy was clear, the method and manner to which agencies were left to achieve these goals was much less designed. The federal government allocated funds to assist help agencies incorporate an intelligence function in their daily operations but which agencies and to what degree remains unclear even today. This study seeks to determine the current state of use of intelligence in municipal law enforcement agencies in the State of Texas ten years after 9/11. Through use of a survey, it assesses the frequency of use of intelligence units in local police departments in the State of Texas, identifies commonalities in their structure, and determines the state of their effectiveness.</p>A Descriptive Study of the Intelligence Community in the United States of America2008-02-15T14:35:29-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4171/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4171/"><img alt="A Descriptive Study of the Intelligence Community in the United States of America" title="A Descriptive Study of the Intelligence Community in the United States of America" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4171/small/"/></a></p><p>This treatise represents a descriptive study of the intelligence community in the United States. It explores the ramifications of terrorism on the intelligence function, post September 11, 2001. In-depth discussions concerning the structure of the U.S. intelligence community are presented as well as a focus on the defined steps of the intelligence process: planning and directions, collection, analysis, production, and dissemination. The final aspect of this study poses questions and issues relating to the restructuring of the U.S. intelligence community in light of the Homeland Security Act of 2002.</p>Factors Contributing to the Three-Year Graduation Rate of Students in Technical Programs at an Urban Community College2009-10-10T16:40:52-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9930/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9930/"><img alt="Factors Contributing to the Three-Year Graduation Rate of Students in Technical Programs at an Urban Community College" title="Factors Contributing to the Three-Year Graduation Rate of Students in Technical Programs at an Urban Community College" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9930/small/"/></a></p><p>With an increasingly technological and competitive world economy, more jobs require employees to have achieved the advanced skills and knowledge gained only through postsecondary education. The data regarding the supply and demand between the workforce and higher education present a challenge for community college technical programs. These are the programs charged training the new workforce. An effort to increase the persistence and three-year graduation rate for technical students is one of Tarrant County College District's initiatives to prepare students for the workforce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine factors that contribute to the three-year graduation rates of students enrolled in technical programs at the Northwest Campus of the Tarrant County College District. A quantitative survey approach was selected for this study targeting 191 technical students. The results of this study showed that females, who had established a degree plan and declared a major during the first two semesters at the urban community college campus under study, graduated in three years. The graduation rates for males in this study were lower than for females. Also, technical students who were 18 to 35 years old were more likely to graduate. Students who did not complete a degree plan in the first two semesters did not graduate in the three-year time frame. For the 77 respondents, students were more likely to graduate if they declared a major and established a degree plan. Implications for practice and recommendations for further study are provided.</p>Killing the one you love: Examining cases of intimate partner homicide occurring in Dallas, Texas between the years 1990-1997.2009-10-10T16:40:50-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9931/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9931/"><img alt="Killing the one you love: Examining cases of intimate partner homicide occurring in Dallas, Texas between the years 1990-1997." title="Killing the one you love: Examining cases of intimate partner homicide occurring in Dallas, Texas between the years 1990-1997." src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9931/small/"/></a></p><p>Research has consistently shown that intimate partner homicide (IPH) rates have been on a steady downward decline over the past two decades. A relatively recent movement in IPH research, however, has emphasized the need for further dissecting the aggregate trends by factors such as gender, race, and victim-offender relationship. In response to these issues, this study looks at the relationship between IPHs and factors such as gender, race, and age. The present study explores officially reported IPH cases in Dallas, Texas between the years 1990-1997. Specific attention will be paid to the victim's and suspect's age, race, and gender. The findings of the study will assist in identifying significant characteristics of these IPH incidents which may lead to a greater understanding of the types of relationships in which IPH is more likely to occur. Studying the relationship between IPHs and these factors, as this research aims to do, is important to understanding what IPH incident characteristics need more attention to help prevent future incidents from occurring. As a result of this research, a better understanding of whether IPH may occur in certain types of relationships will be reached and then can be further utilized to educate.</p>Online Pornography and Its Effects on the Behavior of College Students2016-06-28T16:28:55-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849607/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849607/"><img alt="Online Pornography and Its Effects on the Behavior of College Students" title="Online Pornography and Its Effects on the Behavior of College Students" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849607/small/"/></a></p><p>The primary goal of this study was to investigate the habits of college students who use pornography. The study was designed to collect data on the use of online pornography by college students. Through the use of an online survey, the study collected general demographic data and data on the frequency with which students used online pornography. The study also collected data on the general attitudes of college students towards online pornography. Participants consisted of students enrolled at the University of North Texas during the Spring 2016 semester. The participants of the study were contacted by an email requesting the student to respond to an online anonymous survey regarding their use of online pornography. The survey consisted of thirty questions and statements, primarily utilizing a five point Likert scale. Analysis of the data collected as well as a discussion of the findings are included.</p>Racial Disparity in Traffic Stops: An Analysis of Racial Profiling Data in Texas2016-08-31T22:41:47-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862791/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862791/"><img alt="Racial Disparity in Traffic Stops: An Analysis of Racial Profiling Data in Texas" title="Racial Disparity in Traffic Stops: An Analysis of Racial Profiling Data in Texas" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862791/small/"/></a></p><p>The primary goal of this study was to analyze existing racial profiling data collected and reported by law enforcement agencies in Texas. The internet-based data used was obtained through TCOLE, as it is the state mandated repository in which all law enforcement agencies must submit their annual racial profiling reports to. In analyzing a collection requirement of these reports, this study sought to determine how frequently law enforcement officers know the race or ethnicity of drivers prior to traffic stops. Furthermore, the study sought to determine if there are differences in the rates of race or ethnicity known prior to stops across Texas geographical regions, county population sizes, agency types, as well as between counties with and without interstate thoroughfares. This analysis consisted of 3,250,984 traffic stops conducted by 1,186 law enforcement agencies in 2014. Findings revealed that law enforcement officers rarely know the race or ethnicity of drivers prior to traffic stops, as was consistently found across all measures. Findings and implications are discussed.</p>The Influence of Population on Wrongful Convictions2017-02-19T19:42:09-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955047/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955047/"><img alt="The Influence of Population on Wrongful Convictions" title="The Influence of Population on Wrongful Convictions" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955047/small/"/></a></p><p>With criminal cases continuing to be exonerated across the United States, research must be done on the subject to advance current practices to reduce its occurrence in the future. This study combines county population data with the National Registry of Exonerations to analyze the contributing factors to wrongful convictions and the possible effect of population on their frequency. The objective of this study was to identify specific policy changes based on the five contributing factors to wrongful convictions that could be applied to population specific areas. The results yielded multiple patterns that are discussed thoroughly. These findings allowed the introduction of policy changes and proposals for future research.</p>The Victim-Offender Overlap in Intimate Partner Violence: Considering the Role of Self-Control2019-06-09T21:09:49-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505256/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505256/"><img alt="The Victim-Offender Overlap in Intimate Partner Violence: Considering the Role of Self-Control" title="The Victim-Offender Overlap in Intimate Partner Violence: Considering the Role of Self-Control" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505256/small/"/></a></p><p>While a growing body of literature in the field of criminal justice documents the relationship between victimization and offending, only recently has this knowledge been applied to the study of intimate partner violence (IPV). Accordingly, questions remain with regard to the theoretical origins of mutual violence between intimates. In an effort to fill this void in the literature, the current study examines the etiology of moderate forms of mutual IPV, specifically assessing self-control theory's applicability to the victim-offender overlap in IPV. Data were obtained from Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to investigate whether low self-control at Wave I predicts IPV victimization, IPV offending, or both IPV victimization and offending at Wave IV. The present study extends prior literature examining the role of self-control in IPV by (1) investigating the influence of self-control on the victim-offender overlap in IPV, (2) using longitudinal data, and (3) utilizing a sample of U.S. adults ages 24 to 33. While low self-control was found to significantly predict IPV offending and the overlap in IPV victimization and offending, low self-control failed to significantly predict IPV victimization. Policy implications, study limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.</p>Fundamental Demographics of Digital Piracy Offenders2018-06-06T13:19:50-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157573/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157573/"><img alt="Fundamental Demographics of Digital Piracy Offenders" title="Fundamental Demographics of Digital Piracy Offenders" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157573/small/"/></a></p><p>Digital piracy is an emerging cybercrime subtype with overarching implications for administrators and researchers alike. Within this body of knowledge, it is unclear what individual-level factors are linked to digital piracy. Using a college-based sample, while focusing on gender, race, and age, this study identifies fundamental individual-level variables associated with digital piracy commission. After conducting multiple independent samples t-tests and a multivariate logistic regression, results found age and computer proficiency were significantly associated with the likelihood of engaging in digital piracy. These findings can help establish the foundational characteristics of digital pirates. By shifting the focus back to basic individual factors, universities can identify preventive efforts and researchers can better understand who engages in digital piracy.</p>An Analysis of Location and Offender Characteristics for Motor Vehicle Theft in Texas from 2001 to 20052008-05-02T15:10:03-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5207/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5207/"><img alt="An Analysis of Location and Offender Characteristics for Motor Vehicle Theft in Texas from 2001 to 2005" title="An Analysis of Location and Offender Characteristics for Motor Vehicle Theft in Texas from 2001 to 2005" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5207/small/"/></a></p><p>Motor vehicle theft is the costliest property crime in the United States equaling billions of dollars in losses each year. Despite law enforcement success in decreasing the rate of motor vehicle theft in recent years, the actual number of thefts has increased. It is vital for law enforcement agencies to know who is committing motor vehicle theft and where vehicles are being stolen. This study answers these questions by examining offender demographic characteristics and the location types most targeted for motor vehicle theft in Texas from 2001 to 2005. The state of Texas was chosen because Texas has continually been ranked second in the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Report for the number of reported incidents of motor vehicle theft in the United States.</p>New Surveillance Technologies and the Invasion of Privacy Rights2008-02-15T14:56:12-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4252/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4252/"><img alt="New Surveillance Technologies and the Invasion of Privacy Rights" title="New Surveillance Technologies and the Invasion of Privacy Rights" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4252/small/"/></a></p><p>Definition of privacy has changed by the changes and improvements in information and surveillance technologies. These changes and improvement need new legal decisions for new kinds of privacy invasions. This study explores the scope of privacy right, particularly when a technological surveillance has occurred by law enforcement agencies. It focuses in particular on increasing law enforcements' surveillance technologies and devices that have the potential to impact citizens' information privacy. These increasing changes in surveillance technologies have important implications both for law enforcements and citizens. This study also discusses increasing law enforcement surveillance for the public's security, changes of the laws that allow law enforcements to use new surveillance powers as a war on terrorism, and the citizens concerns of information privacy. A particular attention is given to the recent public opinion surveys which show citizens' increasing privacy concerns. Finally, a set of recommendations to figure out security-privacy debate and reduce the privacy concerns of the citizens is offered.</p>An Analysis of Adler's Theory and the Female Criminal2008-02-15T15:29:11-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4642/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4642/"><img alt="An Analysis of Adler's Theory and the Female Criminal" title="An Analysis of Adler's Theory and the Female Criminal" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4642/small/"/></a></p><p>This research paper addressed the following question: Do select case studies conform to Dr. Freda Adler's theory regarding socio-economic influences on female criminal behavior or dispute her theory? My research involved three female criminals: Karla Faye Tucker, Andrea Yates, and Susan Smith. I addressed Adler's theory in detail, other theories, the makeup of the female criminal and various female crimes. This study provided evidence that all three case studies conform to Adler's theory. nIn accordance with Adler's theory, each of these three females committed crimes of accessibility. None of the three individuals sought to commit a premeditated act or to murder unknown victims. They were motivated by emotions arising at a point in time when access/opportunity presented itself.</p>An Analysis of Terrorist Recruitment by Observing DHKP/C (Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front) Terrorist Organization in Turkey2008-02-15T15:34:49-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4569/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4569/"><img alt="An Analysis of Terrorist Recruitment by Observing DHKP/C (Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front) Terrorist Organization in Turkey" title="An Analysis of Terrorist Recruitment by Observing DHKP/C (Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front) Terrorist Organization in Turkey" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4569/small/"/></a></p><p>Terrorism has been claimed to be a major problem by hundreds of thousands of people in the international arena for years. Either it has been very difficult to determine and understand the reasons for terrorism, or those reasons have never been studied because of the immediate threat of terrorism. This research analyzed the recruitment process of terrorists by studying the DHKP/C terrorist organization and by answering the following questions. The first is "What factors are correlated with joining a terrorist organization?" And the second is "What is the recruitment process of the DHKP/C?" IN the course of this research, I used specific reports written by DHKP/C members and personal experience to come to better understanding of the motivation behind terrorism and the process by which people are recruited in the terrorist organizations.</p>Communication Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994: A Case Study2007-09-25T22:37:42-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2877/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2877/"><img alt="Communication Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994: A Case Study" title="Communication Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994: A Case Study" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2877/small/"/></a></p><p>The purpose of this study is: to explore and analyze the Communication Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (CALEA), to identify problems related to CALEA, to identify solutions devised by other countries to overcome problems similar to CALEA's, and to propose feasible solutions to CALEA problems.</p>Case studies in terrorism-drug connection: the Kurdistan Workers' Party, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, and the Shining Path2007-09-25T22:38:02-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2871/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2871/"><img alt="Case studies in terrorism-drug connection: the Kurdistan Workers' Party, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, and the Shining Path" title="Case studies in terrorism-drug connection: the Kurdistan Workers' Party, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, and the Shining Path" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2871/small/"/></a></p><p>This study scrutinizes the drug-terrorism nexus critically with intent to conceive possible remedies for the problem. The vast turnover of the global illicit drug industry constitutes the largest portion of organized crime enterprises' income. Different circles have argued that these enterprises are not the sole actors of the drug business, but terrorist groups, whose ultimate aim is a political change rather than financial strength, also profit from the “business.” The controversial nature of the problem fuelled heated debates and requires an in depth and impartial analysis, which was the main subject of the current study. At the first stage, three different cases, the PKK, the LTTE, and the SL, were studied either to prove or deny the alleged phenomenon. The sampled groups' ideology, structure, and operations helped understand the motives pushing the organizations into the ‘business.' Subsequently, several recommendations capturing vital issues both in countering terrorism and breaking terrorism-drugs link were spelled out.</p>Problem-oriented approach to criminal investigation: implementation issues and challenges2007-09-25T22:37:43-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2876/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2876/"><img alt="Problem-oriented approach to criminal investigation: implementation issues and challenges" title="Problem-oriented approach to criminal investigation: implementation issues and challenges" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2876/small/"/></a></p><p>As a proactive, information-based policing approach, problem-oriented policing emphasizes the use of crime analysis techniques in the analysis of the underlying causes of the problems that police deal with. In particular, analysis applications can be powerful tools for criminal investigation, such as crime reconstruction, profiling, IAFIS, VICAP, and CODIS. The SARA Model represents a problem-solving strategy of problemoriented policing. It aims to address the underlying causes of the problems and create substantial solutions. However, implementing problem-oriented policing requires a significant change in both the philosophy and structure of police agencies. Not only American policing but also the Turkish National Police should consider problem-oriented policing as an alternative approach for solving criminal activities.</p>An Evaluation of a Computerized Coping Skills Training Program Developed for Use in a Correctional Setting2015-03-09T08:15:06-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501285/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501285/"><img alt="An Evaluation of a Computerized Coping Skills Training Program Developed for Use in a Correctional Setting" title="An Evaluation of a Computerized Coping Skills Training Program Developed for Use in a Correctional Setting" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501285/small/"/></a></p><p>This thesis is an evaluation of two coping skills programs and their effects on inmates' mental health status. The original computer coping skills program designed for the general population was modified to address the specific needs of an incarcerated population.This thesis evaluated the differences in the mental health status of the two treatment groups compared with the control group and with each other to assess the effectiveness of the two programs. The results of this study showed substantial improvement in the mental health status for the two treatment groups. There are indications from this study that specialty software designed specifically for inmates may result in lower levels of depression than non-tailored software.</p>Exploring job related stress and job satisfaction in a modern law enforcement communications division.2008-05-14T20:54:02-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5564/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5564/"><img alt="Exploring job related stress and job satisfaction in a modern law enforcement communications division." title="Exploring job related stress and job satisfaction in a modern law enforcement communications division." src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5564/small/"/></a></p><p>One of the most neglected areas of criminological and social science research is the police communications or dispatch center. While research projects dealing with stress and job satisfaction are found in abundance for other occupations, studies specific to the police dispatcher are uncommon. The role of the dispatcher has changed significantly in the last few decades. Improvements in technology and changes in public expectations of emergency services have forever altered the communications professional. Dispatchers work in an environment reliant on information. There is tremendous pressure to process the information coming into a communications center quickly and correctly. A mistake could prove fatal. Work pressures, burnout, high employee turnover, low pay, and a lack of respect from police coworkers can easily result in negative emotional and psychological consequences for the dispatcher. An effective manager could reduce the feelings of stress and low job satisfaction this environment can facilitate. The current study utilizes survey data from a sample of police dispatchers and their managers in the Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas area. The purpose of the survey is to identify the level of stress and job satisfaction reported by the dispatchers and their managers. The effects of differing types of stress will be investigated. Other relationships such as length of service, education, gender, ethnicity, and agency size will also be addressed.</p>A Longitudinal Study of Juvenile Facility Directors' Job Satisfaction Levels in the United States2008-05-05T14:48:08-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5344/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5344/"><img alt="A Longitudinal Study of Juvenile Facility Directors' Job Satisfaction Levels in the United States" title="A Longitudinal Study of Juvenile Facility Directors' Job Satisfaction Levels in the United States" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5344/small/"/></a></p><p>This national study, focusing on job satisfaction within juvenile facility directors, was conducted by the means of a survey. The study is longitudinal in nature; the survey was conducted in 1995 and 2000. Other past studies have focused on line level employees, guards, and the juveniles, but few have concentrated on juvenile facility directors. Literature on directors is currently lacking, this continuous study will give a better ongoing perspective of their attitudes and beliefs. Findings from this particular study will help to address current concerns inside of the system, starting at the apex. The survey's goal is to correlate factors that have a direct impact on their job satisfaction. Results indicate that staff issues have a dramatic impact on a director's job satisfaction.</p>Institutional Misconduct Among Gang Related and Non-Gang Related Institutionalized Delinquents2008-05-05T15:04:25-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5454/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5454/"><img alt="Institutional Misconduct Among Gang Related and Non-Gang Related Institutionalized Delinquents" title="Institutional Misconduct Among Gang Related and Non-Gang Related Institutionalized Delinquents" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5454/small/"/></a></p><p>The problems that gang members create within adult correctional facilities continue to receive attention in the literature. Gang members within juvenile institutions have received far less attention from researchers, and misconduct of these juveniles, both serious and non-serious, is relatively unexplored. This study explored the institutional misconduct of 4,309 male delinquents released from the Texas Youth Commission. Youths younger at commitment, those with a higher TYC risk score, and those youths with emotional problems were found more likely to commit both serious and non-serious institutional misconduct, regardless of gang membership. This thesis concludes with suggestions for additional research on gang members within juvenile institutions and the relationship of gang membership to institutional misconduct.</p>Getting sober while incarcerated: An exploratory analysis of correctional substance abuse treatment programs2008-05-02T15:15:17-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5156/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5156/"><img alt="Getting sober while incarcerated: An exploratory analysis of correctional substance abuse treatment programs" title="Getting sober while incarcerated: An exploratory analysis of correctional substance abuse treatment programs" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5156/small/"/></a></p><p>Substance abuse is an expensive problem facing the American public and the criminal justice field. Using secondary data analysis this study examined 1,921 participants across five substance abuse programs within California and New York jail systems. Specifically this study explored the impact of location, demographic characteristics, offense committed, and previous drug treatment on successful completion of the treatment program. Descriptive analyses were used to examine the demographic characteristics of the sample and the types of drugs used by participants in the thirty days prior to jail admission. Results from bivariate analyses indicated that location, demographic characteristics, and previous drug treatment were all significantly related to successful completion. Implications for current correctional treatment programs and future research on this topic are discussed</p>Taking Steps toward Recidivism Prevention: Examining the Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Juvenile Delinquency2008-10-02T16:41:32-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6129/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6129/"><img alt="Taking Steps toward Recidivism Prevention: Examining the Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Juvenile Delinquency" title="Taking Steps toward Recidivism Prevention: Examining the Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Juvenile Delinquency" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6129/small/"/></a></p><p>Researchers within the criminal justice field have examined recidivism to discover effective methods to deter criminals from re-offending. Typically, incarceration provided specific deterrence for offenders but recidivism after release proved problematic. Using secondary data analysis, the present study evaluates a cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT] program, Reasoning and Rehabilitation, which the state of Colorado implemented in 1995 among juveniles on intensive probation. The original research team collected the data through pre- and post-questionnaires and interviews with probation officers. The pre- and post-test data are utilized to specifically analyze certain variables including self-control, empathy and problemsolving abilities. The focus of the present study is to determine the level of change in these particular variables as an outcome of completing the CBT program. This analysis also explores the value of CBT programs and examines how the programs alter an offender's level of selfcontrol, empathy and problem-solving abilities thus reducing recidivism after completion.</p>