Search Results

American Women Artists and the Female Nude Image (1969-1983)
This research surveys ideology and iconology in the presentation of the autobiographical and biographical female nude as envisioned by American women artists in the painting, drawing and printmaking media from 1969 to 1983. Contemporary dialogue by critics, artists and feminists on the definition of feminine content led to the articulation of the undraped nude torso as the central icon of the study. This static icon was pushed through a variety of styles into multi subtleties of iconology. The female nude by women artists is autobiographical even in biography emphasizing self-identification and authenticity. General constraints were placed on the survey the definability or explicit articulation of the female torso as opposed to suggestive imagery, the time frame in which the nude was created, and the chosen media for study. Art historical methodology was employed to descriptively examine image and intent of the nude presentations in references through time as well as visual traditions of symbology. This survey began at the turn of the century for historical background to emphasize the greater proliferation of the nude from 1969 to 1983. There were limitations specifically associated with the earlier time frame (1900-1969)--the lack of art educational opportunities for the female student, the socio-political climate dealing with the acceptability of the nude, and a very general lack of attention from the publishing market towards women artists. Six artists were identified: Lillian Genth, Romaine Brooks, Margarite Zorach, Isobel Bishop, Louise Nevelson and Louise Bourgeois. The coalescence of socio-political circumstances around 1969, allowing for the greater incidence of the female nude occasioned the selection of 1969 as a perimeter of research. Within 19 69-1983 a greater number of artists and a far greater number of works were evident, seventeen in all, including Alice Neel, Marisol, Mary Frank, Nancy Spero, Joan Brown, Sylvia Sleigh, Martha Mayer Erlebacher, …
An Analysis of the Job Requirements for Interior Designers in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area Compared to the Interior Design Curriculum at North Texas State University
"This study was conducted primarily to determine how relevant the interior design curriculum at North Texas State University is from the viewpoint of the practitioners of interior design in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area."--2.
Arkansas Courthouses: Architectural Style and Tradition
This study examines the county courthouses of Arkansas with the purpose of discovering certain qualities which they possess as architecture. Stylistic influences are identified, as are influential architects, periods of building activity, and characteristics of age and condition. An historical overview provides information concerning nationwide trends in public architecture over the last century, allowing observations as to the effects which national and regional tastes had on Arkansas' county courthouse builders. It is concluded that Arkansas' county courthouses reflect, to some extent, the stylistic preferences and backwardness of southern and rural courthouses, respectively. The Georgian Revival is identified as the most popular style for courthouses still in use, although the most active building period is found to be the 1930s, when WPA design specifications dominated Arkansas courthouse architecture.
Art as a Tool in a Fifth-Grade Guidance Program
The purpose of this thesis was to determine a way by which the school could best serve all the children in the capacity of guidance. A program was needed which would enrich the lives of children of widely varying social and financial levels, chronological ages, mental ages, personalities, talents, and other inherent traits or tendencies.
An Art Bibliography for Freshmen Majoring in Art at North Texas State College
The bibliography will comprise books, current magazines, annuals, and bulletins available in the North Texas State College Library. Some publications from other libraries in the area will also be included; namely, the Texas Woman's University Library, Denton; the Dallas Public Library; the Fort Worth Public Library; and Southwestern Medical College Library, Dallas. The bibliography is intended primarily for freshmen majoring in art, although the publications will be of value also to those students minoring in art.
The Art Museums of Texas and Their Contribution to Public School Education
"...the writer undertook in this studyan evaluation of the seven major art museums of Texas and their contribution to public-school education. Chapter I served as an introduction to the study. Chapter II traced the development of the art museum in American, dating back to the period of colonial settlements in New England. It also presented the history of the art museums in the five key cities of Texas: the Elisabet Ney Museum of Austin, the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, the Museum of Fine Arts of Houston, the Fort Worth Art Association, the Children's Museum of Forth Worth, the Witte Memorial Museum of San Antonio and the Contemporary Arts Association of Houston. In addition, the general policies and programs of the Texas museums were discussed. Chapter III evaluated the programs of the seven majoy art museums according to the standards set up by the Texas Art Education Association...Chapter IV will present the writer's conclusions and recommendations." -- leaves 35-36.
An Art Program Utilizing Discarded Materials in the Improvement of Interiors of Homes of Children in a Low Income Group
The problem with which this investigation is concerned is that of planning and carrying out an art program in which a particular group of students in a low income group, by utilizing discarded and inexpensive materials, can create useful and satisfying objects for the improvement of their home interiors.
Ash Glazes and the Effect of Colorants and Firing Conditions: Volume 1. Text
The study being undertaken was to ascertain the effect or effects of different firing conditions and colorants on glazes composed of wood ash from two trees indigenous to Texas.
An Assessment of Arkansas Middle school/Junior High School Art Programs Using National Art Education Association Standards
The purpose of the study was to make an assessment of Arkansas middle school/junior high art programs using National Art Education Association standards. Data were collected from questionnaires, curriculum guides, and school visitations. Participating in the study were 127 schools enrolling 53,502 students of which 14,755 (28%) were taking art classes. For comparisons, the state was divided into five regions.
An Audio-Visual Presentation Designed for Motivation of Certain Elementary Art Students
In order to create a motivational device to help students become more aware of their surroundings, an audio-visual project was chosen as the most effective means of reaching intermediate grade children in a low socio-ecomonic area. Developing an effective sett of motivational experiences for enriching learning through seeing in the art education program was the task undertaken in this study.
Cast-Iron Facades in Texas
In this limited survey, nineteenth-century cast-iron facades in Texas were recorded and compared to iron-fronted buildings in New York City. It was found that generally, the still existing buildings in Texas cities and towns were similar to those in New York in style but differed to the extent to which the cast-iron elements were used. It appears that nineteenth-century builders in Texas knew of New York trends in cast-iron but had definite regional preferences.
A Catalog of Miniature Case and Seating Furniture Categorized as Being of the Second Size Which are Owned by Five Museums and Historical Societies of Texas and Louisiana
The miniature furniture cataloged is considered to be of the second size, i.e., miniatures which could have been used as traveler's samples, cabinetmaker's models, or toys. The entries are selected from collections of Louisiana and Texas museums and historical societies. They were located through use of a questionnaire sent to the institutions listed in the Official Museum Directory as having furniture and decorative arts collections. Responses showed five institutions owning miniatures of the second size, as follows: Louisiana State Museum, New Orleans; Anglo-American Art Museum, Baton Rouge; Harris County Heritage Society, Houston; Witte Memorial Museum, San Antonio; and Dallas Historical Society.
A Catalogue of American Victorian Chairs and Sofas at Dallas Old City Park Restoration Village, January 1, 1975
The purpose of this study is to catalogue the chairs and sofas of Old City Park that reflects the American Victorian style and to provide a brief historical account of the style's development. Old City Park in Dallas, Texas is the first major restoration of its kind in the Dallas area. Its aim is to provide an educational as well as historical center for the city. The restoration project began when Millermore, a Southern Colonial house built in 1862, was moved to Old City Park and an agreement was made between the Dallas Park Department and the Dallas County Heritage Society for its erection and restoration. the Society and the Park Department agreed ti create a heritage center in the Old City Park that will illustrate the growth and development of Dallas from 1841 to 1910. This catalogue was done to help justify the historical significance of the furnishing collections destined for use in the restoration of Old City Park. Organized according to substyles, the catalogue contains data collected on each entry and is illustrated by color slides. A brief account of the American Victorian Period precedes these entries.
Children's Preferences for Reproductions of Masterpieces in Grades V through VIII of a Dallas Public School
This paper explores what kinds of paintings do children of a particular locale really like and what are some of the reasons for their choices. This information could be of use in planning methods of developing and nurturing aesthetic experiences through more wisely chosen reproductions of masterpieces of paintings.
Color Preferences of Children in a Dallas Public School
The problem of this study examines two questions which were posed. First, would color preferences of children in the N.W. Harllee School of the Dallas Independent School District be the same as those found in other studies of color preferences of elementary school children? Second, would there be differences in choices made by low academic aptitude groups and high academic aptitude groups? In an attempt to answer these questions, a series of tests was devised and administered to children grades IV through VII.
Components of a Basic Wardrobe for Professional Women
The study was based on a survey of the outer garments and accessories within the wardrobes of twenty professional and business women of this vicinity. A questionnaire was used in order to obtain information concerning the wardrobes. From the results tabulated, the following concusions were reached: (1) the expenditures to provide adequate wardrobes were much more than they should have been; (2) in most cases, the distribution of garments was inadequate to meet the needs for all occasions; (3) the color selections were unrelated; and (4) the number of articles in the majority of the wardrobes was excessive. In light of the findings, the components of what the writer considers an adequate basic wardrobe have been presented and discussed.
Costume Jewelry Using Organic Materials Found in the Coastal Area of Texas
This manuscript records an adventure in exploring the inherent possibilities of organic forms for use in the designing of jewelry.
Creative Stitchery in the Art Program of the Dallas Independent School District
The purpose of this study is to determine to what extent creative stitchery is used in the art program of the Dallas Independent School District, when it is found to be most valuable, and what limitations it is found to have.
The Design and Function of the Interior Space of the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center of Dallas, 1980-1989
This thesis investigates how the interior of the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center of Dallas accommodates the three groups which use the space: the patron, the musicians, and the administration. Following the Draft Brief of 1981 prepared by the Dallas Symphony Association's Concert Hall Building Committee, each area is discussed as to what was actually built and what concerns were met. The primary data were the symphony center and interviews with I.M. Pei, architect; Russell Johnson, acoustician of the concert hall; Charles Young, associate of Pei, Cobb, Freed & Associates, interior architect of the concert hall; Carolyn Miller, Trisha Wilson & Associates, designer of the Green Room, Richard Trimble, designer of the musicians' areas, and Joe Pereira, designer of the Administrative area.
"Designing with Light": Carlotta Corpron and the New Bauhaus
A major figure to emerge in the history of American photography is Carlotta Corpron (1901-1987), who taught art at Texas Woman's University in Denton, Texas from 1935-1968. The rediscovery of her abstract images created during the 1940s reflects the growing recognition of the experimental photography at the New Bauhaus in Chicago from 1937-1946. Corpron's abstract photographs were stimulated by her interaction with Lazlo Moholy-Nagy and Gyorgy Kepes. Corpron was an innovator in the development of abstract photography in the United States. This thesis connects her work to that of Moholy-Nagy and Gyorgy Kepes as well as other major figures in American photography of the twentieth century.
The Development of an Art I Curriculum Guide for the Mesquite Independent School District
This study reports on the development of a curriculum guide to insure some degree of experience uniformity in the first art course available to students in high schools in Mesquite, Texas. Current general education and art education literature as well as curriculum guides from American schools provided the behaviorally oriented framework and objectives, content, and teaching strategies. The guide reflects a balance between the ideal and the real physical environment in which the guide will be implemented. Conclusions include the concepts that teacher education in using behavioral objectives is necessary, that a behaviorally oriented guide will work in Mesquite high schools, that behavioral objectives will facilitate evaluation, and that the trend toward tri-part subject content will increase in art curricula.
Edward Larrabee Barnes's Dallas Museum of Art: An Architectural Development Study
This study examines the development of Edward Larrabee Barnes's design concepts for the Dallas Museum of Art, from preliminary concepts and program statements by Director Harry Parker and Dallas Museum trustees, through initial planning and architect selection, to site selection, the Program and Space Study, Barnes's early conceptual plans, and his Dallas Arts District master planning. Influences on Barnes's work and his career development leading to the Dallas commission, his most ambitious museum to date, are examined. Discussion and documentation of design development is based on schematic studies, presentation drawings, models, and trustees' minutes. Design changes during construction and all phases of expansion planning are also discussed. The conclusion summarizes historical influences on the design and Barnes's fulfillment of program concepts.
The Effect of Art 135-136, Foundations of Art, on Design Judgment of Elementary Education Majors at North Texas State University
This paper is a report of research at North Texas State University concerning the effect of Art 135-136 on the design judgment of elementary education majors. It describes the measurement of the level of design judgments of elementary education majors who have completed the course and those who have not.
The Effectiveness of an Art Educational Film as a Teaching Tool
It is the purpose of this study to test whether or not any learning does occur during the viewing of an art educational film. In order to examine this learning, an art educational film was developed and tested at North Texas State University in Denton, Texas.
The Effects of Discipline-Based Art Education upon Reading Test Scores of Suburban North Texas Second Grade Children
This study examines the effects that discipline-based art education has upon reading test scores of public school second grade children. The progress in language arts of an experimental group and a control group were followed for two six week grading cycles. The experimental group was treated with DBAE instruction for one six weeks, while the control group received only studio production exercises. Both groups received no art instruction for another six weeks. Gains between mean pre-test and post-test scores indicated a significant difference for the experimental group but not the control group.
Equipment for Junior-High-School Art Rooms in the Corpus Christi, Texas, Schools
This study considers the equipment needed for the art rooms of the three junior high schools of Corpus Christi, Texas. It discusses the special problems encountered by the teacher-committee that had to determine the minimum list of tools and other equipment necessary to carry out a well-rounded art program.
An Evaluation of Children's Choices According to Standards of Art in Useful Objects Displayed in Dallas Public Schools
How much art is projected into the home and community as a result of art experiences in the school is difficult to determine without some criterion as a standard for judgement. Based upon this premise, the author attempted, with the cooperation of the art committee of the Dallas Junior League, to test the aesthetic judgement of selected groups of children in the Dallas Public Schools by evaluating their reactions to an exhibition of common household articles currently available on the Dallas market.
An Evaluation of the Esthetic Judgment of Students in Austin College
For the average person many opportunities for esthetic enjoyment of useful objects exist if the relationship between beauty and utility is understood. Furniture and other articles of daily use have acquired new and radical changes of design, based on function, which are altering esthetic concepts. This new approach to design is gradually being accepted by manufacturers and producers. Do purchasers appreciate and accept these structural and functional bases of contemporary design? If they do not, wherein does their deficiency lie, and how may it be corrected? This is the problem that the writer has attempted to investigate through this study.
An Evaluative Study of Three Units Developed for Multi-cultural and Art Historical Resource Curriculum for Kindergarten and First Grade Art
Two curricular needs exist for the elementary art classroom: multi-cultural lessons which are customized to address North Texas ethnicities, and art history materials for early grades, whether taught by art teachers or regular classroom teachers. This thesis addresses both of these concerns by developing lesson plans to meet the needs, and executing an evaluative study with North Texas art and regular classroom teachers of kindergarten and first grade. The teachers represent four districts, including rural, suburban, and urban demographic populations. Findings address time limitations for public school teachers, cultural exchange differences between demographic groups, and differences between presentation of the units by regular classroom teachers versus art teachers.
Evidences of Modern Architectural Design in Public School Buildings of Denton, Texas
In this study the public-school buildings of Denton are examined for evidences of modern architectural design. Chapter I serves as an introduction. Chapter II presents a history of the Denton Public Schools. Chapter III presents standards for evaluating modern school architecture. Features of existing school buildings, built earlier than 1964, which, in character, exemplify modern architectural design are described in Chapter IV. The three school buildings built since 1946 and the one under construction are described in detail and evaluated according to the standards given. Representative photostatic reproduction and photographs illustrate the text. In Chapter V a summary of the study is given and conclusions are presented.
An Examination of the Advertising Art Curriculum of North Texas State College in Relation to Preparation for a Career in Advertising Art in Television
"This study is limited to the problems of and demands made upon the advertising artist in relation to the television medium"--1.
The Exhibition as a Medium for Developing Community Awareness to Good Design in Useful Objects Available in Wichita Falls, Texas
Realizing the need on the part of the general public for a better background for selection of useful household objects that combine utility and beauty of line, the author planned an exhibition in an attempt to develop a community awareness to good design in useful objects available in Wichita Falls, Texas.
Five Buildings in the Dallas Central Business District by I.M. Pei and Partner Henry N. Cobb: A Stamp on the City's Direction
The purpose of this study is to examine I. M. Pei and his partner Harry Cobb's downtown Dallas architecture within the context of their overall stylistic development. This paper explores the structure of five buildings within the framework of the city, and addresses their possible influence on the city's future architectural direction. The thesis is divided into six chapters. Chapter I introduces and states the problem as it discusses the fabric of Dallas architecture. Chapter II outlines a brief biography of I. M. Pei, looking to those who have influenced him, while discussing the key public buildings of his stylistic development. Chapter III is devoted to Pei's first structure in the city, the Dallas Municipal Administration Center. Chapter IV explores the concepts of his planned Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center. Chapter V outlines a brief biography and focuses on the work of Harry N. Cobb: One Dallas Centre, ARCO Tower, and the Allied Bank Tower. Chapter VI summarizes the contributions of Pei and Cobb by placing them within the context of twentieth century architecture, and pointing out their specific achievements with their additions to the fabric of Dallas architecture.
The Function of Craft Activities in Early Adolescence
This paper presents the thesis that a major emphasis on craft activities in the creative art program for early adolescence is indicated as an aid in the adjustment of the child to the more mature status in which he finds himself. As a test, during the school years 1955-56 and 1956-57, children in grades six and seven at the W. W. Bushman School in the Dallas Independent School District, Dallas, Texas, participated in various projects in crafts as part of the course of study in art, which also included drawing and painting. A description and evaluation of these problems are the subject of this paper.
History of the Growth of Art Interest in Texas in the Last Two Decades
Texas has only recently taken an active interest in developing the fine arts as an important aspect of her culture. With the discovery of vast oil fields in Texas, an era of prosperity ensued that brought about rapid growth in population and wealth.
A Home Beautification Project Developed by the Art Club of the Travis Elementary School in Mineral Wells, Texas
For three years the writer has worked with children from a section in Mineral Wells, Texas, in which home environments were unnecessarily bad. They offered none of the wholesome stimuli for growth and development that homes should give. The houses were drab and cheerless, and the grounds were neglected, often grown up in weeds or cluttered with trash. Through its members, made up of sixth and seventh grade children of Travis Elementary School and including children from the affected homes, plans and procedures were formulated for improving homes, and the interest and cooperation of the parents were secured in extending the improvements over the area. By this plan the writer hoped that life might be made more satisfying for these people as a result of improved surroundings.
Ideal Siting, Orientation, and Ventilation of Houses in Relation to the Climate of Denton, Texas
The purpose of this study was to collect and compile data on the principal climatic factors of the Denton area which affect one's personal comfort and health, in order to show how a maximum of these commodities could be secured through manipulation and control of the climate of individual building sites. In the Denton County area the naturally breezy climate of summer, excluding areas near heat-collecting surfaces of pavement and masonry, is not usually uncomfortable out of doors unless one is directly exposed to the sun; but, as a result of improper orientation of houses, indoors one often feels a pressing still heat and a general discomfort. The writer's interest in the field of architecture led to a desire to find out how this condition could be alleviated; therefore, this study was undertaken.
The Indigenous Architecture of Fredericksburg, Texas
In this study sixteen early stone buildings at Fredericksburg, Texas, are described and evaluated as examples of indigenous architecture. Chapter II presents a brief history of the founding of Fredericksburg. Chapter III presents a description of the town site and a discussion of the native materials as used by the pioneer immigrants in the construction of residences and other buildings. Chapter IV is devoted to a detailed description of fourteen buildings as specific examples of the indigenous architecture. Representative photographs of the buildings as they now appear, as well as floor plans, illustrate the text. Two early churches of the indigenous type, accompanied by photographs and floor plans, are discussed in Chapter V. In Chapter VI a summary of the study is given and conclusions are presented.
An Investigation of Mexican Gravesites in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico and Laredo, Texas
My work already shared some of the characteristics of the gravesites that I proposed to study. They were similar in that they both attempted to integrate sacred and profane imagery. Both called attention to personal events and related these events to a larger scheme. Finally, both were involved with the creation of objects of veneration according to personal edicts, but in relation to already established mythologies. I proposed to create a body of work based on the information gathered from the investigation of three predominantly Mexican graveyards-- one in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, and two outside of Laredo, Texas.
An Investigation of the Correlation between Academic and Art Achievement of Children in the Upper-Elementary Grades
In this research, the author has undertaken to investigate what relationship, if any, exists between academic achievement of the child in the upper-elementary grades and his achievement in both or either, of the two- and three-dimensional arts.
An Investigation of the Importance of the Art of Hand Lettering in the Field of Advertising Art
This thesis concerns the utility of including the art of hand lettering in a curriculum of a university advertising art program. Data secured from 155 questionnaires sent to 266 advertising firms in five states were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics including frequency counts and percentages. Two hypotheses were examined, and it is concluded that hand lettering is still needed in advertising art and should be taught in university art programs.
An Investigation of the Preparation Methods and Needs of Elementary School Teachers Visiting the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts
This study concerned the methods in which fourth and fifth grade teachers in one of the larger suburbs of Dallas, Texas, prepared themselves and their classes for a visit to the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts. Twenty teachers who had visited the Dallas museum in the last two years were interviewed using a validated interview questionnaire. The majority of teachers were concerned with both visual and written resources. Although, additional materials were requested, many teachers were uniformed about preparation resources provided by the museum. The teachers' idea and attitudes were found to be supportive of the museum and its programs.
Kiln-Fired Glass in the Junior College Arts and Crafts Program
The problem with which this investigation is concerned is the discovery of suitable uses for the enameling kiln in the arts and crafts program at the junior college level in the production of kiln-formed glass and the testing of methods and materials that will permit work of aesthetic merit at a nominal cost to the students and the school.
A Method of Analyzing Trends in Modern Painting for Presentation to High-School Students
In developing the study, the writer has attempted to devise a method whereby high-school students may gain an understanding of certain trends in modern abstract and non-objective painting.
Modern Architecture in Dallas, Texas
The purpose of this study is to show that an awareness of modern architecture is developing in Dallas, Texas. This will be shown by an analysis of several recently constructed residential, civic, and commercial buildings. The contributions of American and European architects who have influenced our contemporary architecture are reviewed to in order to develop a background for this study. This will be shown by an analysis of several recently constructed residential, civic and commercial buildings.
A Needs Survey of Interior Designers in the South Texas Area with Implications for Curriculum Revision of the Interior Design Program of the Department of Home Economics at Southwest Texas State University
The problem of this study was to compare the expectations of the interior design profession regarding entry level requirements of new graduates of Southwest Texas State University and the present interior design curriculum at Southwest Texas State University. Questionnaires seeking information regarding skills and knowledge thought necessary for graduating interior design students were sent to professional interior designers in the South Texas area. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses. The survey of the interior designers practicing in the South Texas areas conducted in this needs assessment of the Interior Design program at Southwest Texas State University supports giving consideration to the development of new courses or content revision of existing interior design courses offered at Southwest Texas State University.
Paper as a Visual and Tactile Organizational Material for Use on Schoolroom Bulletin Boards
The purpose of this thesis is to show the useful characteristics of a wide variety of papers as applied to the preparation of a tactile and visual organization on a number of wallboards. It is hoped the wide variety of papers and techniques used will be inspirational to other teachers when creatively planning their own designs using paper as their art medium.
The Patsy and Raymond Nasher Collection of Twentieth-Century Sculpture, 1967 to 1987
Over a period of two decades, Raymond D. Nasher, a Dallas-based real estate developer, and his late wife Patsy amassed a collection of significant modern sculptures. For years, pieces from the private collection--numbering over 300 as of 1990--were on display in various museums and civic institutions, and they were installed on a rotating basis at Northpark Center, a Dallas shopping mall developed by Nasher. Since the 1987 Dallas Museum of Art exhibition, the collection has been shown in several major international museums. This study documents the formative period of the collection, the Nashers' collecting and exhibiting philosophies, and four early exhibitions of the sculptures. It includes a chronology of the Nashers and major acquisitions of sculpture.
Popular Choices in Modern Printed Textiles on the Dallas Market
In order to develop a program whereby people can be educated to appreciate and choose the best contemporary designs among the many textiles that are available, it is necessary to know which types of textiles, if any, among those designed in the modern manner, the public accepts, which it rejects, and the factors that influence selection. This study was made to discover those factors -- such as color, subject matter, and utility -- that determine popular choices in a representative group of well-designed modern printed textiles which were available on the Dallas market. The textiles were placed on public exhibition at the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts.
Preferences of Selected Consumers Regarding Options for Choosing Colors for Townhouse Interiors
The study attempts to determine 1) whether or not consumers want to choose colors for interior goods; 2) whether they agree as to which interior items are most important for color selection; and, 3) whether they prefer to coordinate interior colors for themselves or choose from pre-coordlnated color schemes.
Back to Top of Screen