Description: This article discusses the biological and toxicological activity of gases and vapors. Abstract: A large amount of data on the biological and toxicological activity of gases and vapors has been collected from the literature. Processes include sensory irritation thresholds, the Alarie mouse test, inhalation anasthesia, etc. It is shown that a single equation using only five descriptors (properties of the gases and vapors) plus a set of indicator variables for the given processes can correlate 643 biological and non-lethal toxicological activities of 'non-reactive' compounds with a standard deviation of 0.36 log unit. The equation is scaled to sensory irritation thresholds obtained by the procedure of Cometto-Muñiz, and Cain, and provides a general equation for the prediction of sensory irritation thresholds in man. It is suggested that differences in biological/toxicological activity arise primarily from transport from the gas phase to a receptor phase or area, except for odor detection thresholds where interaction with a receptor(s) is important.

Description: This article discusses the solubility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pure and organic solvent mixtures. Abstract: This work updates Vols. 54, 58, and 59 in the IUPAC Solubility Data Series and presents solubility data for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon solutes dissolved in ternary organic solvent mixtures. Published solubility data for anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene that appeared in the primary literature between 1995 to the end of 2011 are compiled and critically evaluated. Experimental solubility data for 119 different solute-ternary solvent systems are included in the volume. Solubility data published prior to 1995 were contained in three earlier volumes (Vols. 54, 58, and 59) and are not repeated here.

Description: This article discusses the solubility of phenylacetic acid in binary solvent mixtures. Abstract: Solubilities are reported for phenylacetic acid at 25.0 °C in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with cyclohexane, n-heptane, n-octane, or isooctane and mixtures of cyclohexane with n-heptane or isooctane. The results are compared to the predictions of equations developed previously for solubility in systems of purely nonspecific interactions, with phenylacetic acid considered as either monomeric or dimeric molecules in solution. The dimer model provided the more accurate predictions and described the 15-fold range of solubilities in the carbon tetrachloride + isooctane system to within a maximum deviation of 15%.

Description: This article discusses the transfer of neutral molecules, ions and ionic species from water to benzonitrile; comparison with nitrobenzene. Equations have been constructed for the transfer of 64 neutral solutes from water and from the gas phase to the solvent benzonitrile. The equations contain five descriptors and can be used to predict further values of the water-benzonitrile and gas-benzonitrile partition coefficients for a wide range of solutes. The water-benzonitrile equation has been extended to include ions and ionic species derived from acids by loss of a proton and bases by acceptance of a proton. Only two further descriptors are needed, one for anions and one for cations. A previous equation for transfer of neutral solutes from water to nitrobenzene has also been extended to include ions and ionic species. Comparison of the equations for transfer to benzonitrile and to nitrobenzene shows that the two solvents behave quite similarly, although benzonitrile as a solvent is a stronger hydrogen bond base.

Description: This article discusses phase transition enthalpy measurements of organic and organometallic compounds. A compendium of phase change enthalpies published within the period 1880-2010 is reported. Phase change enthalpies including fusion, vaporization, and sublimation are included for organic, organometallic, and a few inorganic compounds. This compendium is a combination of three previous series focusing on phase change enthalpies updated to 2009. Sufficient data are presently available for some compounds to permit thermodynamic cycles to be constructed, an important manner of evaluating the reliability of the measurements. Temperature adjustments of phase change enthalpies from the temperature of measurement to the standard reference temperature, T = 298.15 K, are briefly discussed and a protocol for doing so is illustrated.