Description: This paper discusses research on Palestinian perspectives on peace with Israel. The century-long struggle between the Israelis and Palestinians has been transformed within the last 20 years. Although a trend toward peace and accommodation has emerged, another competing religious trend made compromise more difficult between the two communities. This paper explores the Palestinian perspective on peace and conflict with Israel. It examines political ideologies and Palestinian public opinion polls, as well as results of the recent elections. In the Palestinian political scene, a competitive, two-party system has emerged, dominated by Fatah and Hamas. While Palestinians support negotiations with Israel, the Hamas victory in the January 2006 elections further complicates the process. It will certainly have a major impact on the future of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and possibly on the upcoming Israeli elections.