Description: This article discusses charge-state dependence of M-shell x-ray production in 67Ho by 2-12-MeV carbon ions. Abstract: Charge-state dependence of M-shell x-ray production cross sections of 67Ho bombarded by 2-12-MeV carbon ions, with and without K-shell vacancies, were measured using a windowless Si(Li) x-ray detector with a full-width-at-half-maximum resolution of 135 eV at 5.9 keV. Carbon ions of different charge states were produced using a postacceleration, nitrogen gas stripping cell. The carbon ions were then magnetically analyzed to select the desired charge state and energy before entering the target chamber. The total M-shell and Mζ, Mα,β, and Mγ x-ray cross sections were measured. The electron-capture (EC) contributions as well as the direct-ionization (DI) contributions can be determined by making a comprehensive study of the projectile-charge-state dependence of the target x-ray production cross sections for targets in which the single-collision realm is maintained. In this paper, both EC and DI contributions and the total M-shell x-ray production cross sections are compared to both the first Born theory and to the perturbed-stationary-state theory with energy-loss, Coulomb-deflection, and relativistic corrections.

Description: This article discusses anomalous diffusion and ballistic peaks. Abstract: The quantum kicked rotor and the classical kicked rotor are both shown to have truncated Lévy distributions in momentum space, when the classical phase space has accelerator modes embedded in a chaotic sea. The survival probability for classical particles at the interface of an accelerator mode and the chaotic sea has an inverse power-law structure, whereas that for quantum particles has a periodically modulated inverse power law, with the period of oscillation being dependent on Planck's constant. These logarithmic oscillations are a renormalization group property that disappears as ħ → 0 in agreement with the correspondence principle.

Description: In this article, the authors report atomic resolution images of chemical vapor deposition grown epitaxial diamond (100) films obtained in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) with a scanning tunneling microscope. A (2X1) dimer surface reconstruction and amorphous atomic regions are observed. The (2X1) unit cell is measured to be 0.51±0.01X0.25±0.01 nm2. The amorphous regions are identified as carbon. A radial structure 1.5 nm in diameter is observed on a plane at a 20° slope to the (2X1) surface. Tunneling current versus voltage spectra in UHV and Raman spectra are also obtained.

Description: This article discusses chaos and thermal conductivity. Abstract: We argue that the condition of local thermal equilibrium realized several years ago by Rich and Visscher [Phys. Rev. B 11, 2164 (1975)] through a process of mathematical convergence can be obtained dynamically by adopting the prescription of a recent paper [M. Bianucci, R. Mannella, B.J. West, and P. Grigolini, Phys. Rev. E 51, 3002 (1995)]. This should contribute to shedding light on the still unsolved problem fo the microscopic derivation of the heat Fourier law.

Description: This article discusses a dynamical approach to Lévy processes.Abstract: We derive the diffusion process generated by a correlated dichotomous fluctuating variable y starting from a Liouville-like equation by means of a projection procedure. This approach makes it possible to derive all statistical properties of the diffusion process from the correlation function of the dichotomous fluctuating variable Φy(t). Of special interest is that the distribution of the times of sojourn in the two states of the fluctuating process is proportional to d²Φy(t)/dt². Furthermore, in the special case where Φy(t) has an inverse power law, with the index β ranging from 0 to 1, thus making it nonintegrable, the authors show analytically that the statistics of the diffusing variable approximate in the long-time limit the α-stable Lévy distributions. The departure of the diffusion process of dynamical origin from the ideal condition of the Lévy statistics is established by means of a simple analytical expression. We note, first of all, that the characteristic function of a genuine Lévy process should be an exponential in time. We evaluate the correction to this exponential and show it to be expressed by a harmonic time oscillation modulated by the correlation function Φy(t). Since the characteristic function ...