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The Influence of Radiation-Produced Defects on the Precipitation of Carbon in Iron: Iron containing approximately 0.01 wt. % carbon was quenched from 700°C and irradiated in the BNL reactor at 57°C for various lengths of time. The rate of decay of the Snoek internal friction peak was observed at 57°C after irradiation. After a 4-hour irradiation the rate of decay of the peak was one order of magnitude faster than the rate of decay in an unirradiated specimen. Longer irradiation times up to 48 hours caused no further acceleration of the decay rate. This observation implies that in the irradiated specimens there are ten times more precipitation nuclei than in the unirradiated specimens. This is confirmed by electron microscope studies which also show a factor of ten greater concentration of precipitate particles in specimens irradiated for 5 hours at 57°C as compared to an equivalent unirradiated specimen. Electron microscope studies also show that longer irradiation times do not increase further this number of precipitates. Although these experiments clearly demonstrate the enhancement of nucleation by neutron irradiation, it is not known why the incipient nuclei created by irradiation times of longer than 5 hours do not form observable precipitate particles.
The Influence of Radiation-Produced Defects on the Precipitation of Carbon in Iron: The severe local damage caused by neutron irradiation of an alloy can create extra sites for the nucleation of phase changes. This effect of enhanced nucleation has been studied in the iron--carbon system. Measurements were made by electrical resistivity, internal friction, and electron microscopy. Two effects were found. When the alloy is irradiated at ambient temperature (~60 deg C) the number of precipitation particles formed and, hence, the rate of precipitation of carbon, is ten times the number in the unirradiated alloy. Further irradiation does not increase the number of precipitate particles. When the alloy is irradiated at low temperature (~ -100 deg C) the disappearance of carbon from solution is one thousand times faster than the thermal rate. It is deduced that the carbon is temporarily trapped by vacancies and later released to precipitate at a temperature higher than the precipitation temperature in the unirradiated alloy.
Influence of refraction on the applicability of the Zehnder-Mach interferometer to studies of cooled boundary layers: Report presenting an analytical investigation to determine the applicability of the Zehnder-Mach interferometer to two-dimensional cooled-boundary-layer studies. The main factor governing a test section design other than flow characteristics is the estimate of how close to the wall the boundary layer need be studied.
Influence of Ribs on Strength of Spars: Note presenting an investigation to determine what effect joints connected with brackets, nails, and glue has on the strength of aircraft wing spars. Equations used to determine the results of loading tests are provided.
Influence of Rotor-Engine Torsional Oscillation on Control of Gas-Turbine Engine Geared to Helicopter Rotor: "Equations were developed for the torsional motion of a gas-turbine engine geared to a helicopter rotor in which the rotor blades were hinged to the rotor shaft. The rotor system was simplified to yield simple third-order equations that can be used in the analysis of engine control. Comparison of the system response calculated from these equations with the experimentally observed frequency response of a rotor from a 2500-pound helicopter showed satisfactory agreement" (p. 1).
Influence of Several Factors on Ignition Lag in a Compression-Ignition Engine: "This investigation was made to determine the influence of fuel quality, injection advance angle, injection valve-opening pressure, inlet-air pressure, compression ratio, and engine speed on the time lag of auto-ignition of a Diesel fuel oil in a single-cylinder compression-ignition engine as obtained from an analysis of indicator diagrams. Three cam-operated fuel-injection pumps, two pumps cams, and an automatic injection valve with two different nozzles were used. Ignition lag was considered to be the interval between the start of injection of the fuel as determined with a Stroborama and the start of effective combustion as determined from the indicator diagram, the latter being the point where 4.0 x 10(exp-6) pound of fuel had been effectively burned" (p. 1).
Influence of Shear Deformation of the Cross Section on Torsional Frequencies of Box Beams: "An exact analysis has been carried out on the torsional vibrations of a four-flange box beam with cross sections which can change shape because the stiffness of the bulkheads is finite. The effect of shear deformation of the cross section on the torsional frequencies is illustrated by numerical calculations. An approximate method for quickly estimating the effects of bulkhead shear stiffness on the torsional frequencies of box beams has been devised" (p. 1).
Influence of Shield Configuration on Cargo Capacity of Nuclear Powered Ships: From introduction: The purpose of this report is to make a comparison of cargo carrying capacity and approximate gross revenue of nuclear powered ships.
Influence of Solid-Body Rotation on Screen-Produced Turbulence: Note presenting an investigation of the influence of solid-body rotation on a screen-produced turbulence in a flow between concentric, rotating cylinders. Radial distributions of the three components of turbulence intensity and the three turbulent shear stresses were measured at a fixed distance downstream of the screen both with and without rotation.
Influence of Span and Load Per Square Meter on the Air Forces of the Supporting Surface: "It should be clear that in order to obtain a lift it is necessary that the air which flows past an aerofoil be given a downward acceleration; indeed the lift can be only the reaction produced by the downward acceleration of the flowing air. The motion of the air in the neighborhood of an aerofoil may be followed theoretically with great exactness. In the following, it will be undertaken to make understood, through the simplest possible considerations, the effect of span and loading on the air force on an aerofoil, and while these do not form a strong proof of the correctness of the formulae developed, yet they explain the essential features of the phenomena" (p. 1).
Influence of Static Longitudinal Stability on the Behavior of Airplanes in Gusts: The equations of motion for an airplane penetrating a gust are derived using a few simplifying assumptions. Calculations of loads for different static longitudinal stability on two German airplane models, HC 45 and HS 122, are compared with flight tests. Good agreement is obtained between the trend of the flight tests and the calculated values; however no absolute comparison was possible between the flight tests and calculations.
Influence of structure on properties of sintered chromium carbide: Report presenting an investigation to study the influence of structural variations on the properties of chromium carbide sintered under pressure. The results show that the room-temperature strength and hardness are influenced by the stages of sintering, which are defined by grain size and by the number, size, location, and shape of pores.
Influence of Struts and Stays on the Speed of an Airplane: Report presenting an experiment in the Rechlin airdrome in the fall of 1918 to determine the influence of struts and stays on the speed of an airplane. Results indicated that only a slight increase in horizontal speed was shown in a stayless airplane, but it had considerably greater climbing speed.
The Influence of Surface Injection on Heat-Transfer and Skin Friction Associated With the High-Speed Turbulent Boundary Layer: Memorandum presenting a correlation of analyses of the effect of distributed surface injection on the heat transfer and skin friction associated with the turbulent boundary layer at high speeds to eliminate the effects of Mach and Reynolds number. Data for heat transfer and skin friction at three Mach numbers are compared with the analyses and the agreement is good.
Influence of Tail Length Upon the Spin-Recovery Characteristics of a Trainer-Type-Airplane Model: Note presenting the results of an investigation conducted to determine the effect of tail length on the spin and recovery characteristics of a model typical of a trainer-type airplane. The model used in the investigation was tested with two tail lengths, and the model with the shorter tail was tested with several ventral fins. Results indicated that the model with the longer tail length had the better recovery characteristics even when the short tail model had comparable or higher levels of tail-damping power factor.
Influence of Temperature on Creep, Stress-Rupture and Static Properties of Melamine-Resin and Silicone-Resin Glass-Fabric Laminates: Note presenting results of the following tests of melamine-resin glass-fabric laminates and silicone-resin glass-fabric laminates at temperatures up to 400 and 600 degrees Fahrenheit: static-tension, static-compression, tension-creep, and time-to-fracture tests. The mechanical properties of both laminates weakened with increase in temperature, as a rule.
Influence of Tensile Strength and Ductility on Strengths of Rotating Disks in Presence of Material and Fabrication Defects of Several Types: Report presenting an investigation of the significance of tensile strength and ductility in the presence of defects and the strength-reducing effects of several types of defect were investigated for some rotating disks. Some of the defects investigated included laminar-type irregularities, eutectic melting, and shrink porosity.
The Influence of the Aerodynamic Span Effect on the Magnitude of the Torsional-Divergence Velocity and on the Shape of the Corresponding Deflection Mode: "A procedure which takes into account the aerodynamic span effect is given for the determination of the torsional-divergence velocities of monoplanes. The explicit solutions obtained in several cases indicate that the aerodynamic span effect may increase the divergence velocities found by means of the section-force theory by as much as 17 to 40 percent. It is found that the magnitude of the effect increases with increasing degree of stiffness taper and decreases with increasing degree of chord taper" (p. 1).
The Influence of the Application of Power during Spin Recovery of Multiengine Airplanes: "The effect of application of power, so far not clarified, is investigated in the present report in order to give the pilot, in addition to the control measures, an expedient for spin recovery of multiengine airplanes. To this end, a series of spins was performed with an airplane of the Go 150 type. It was possible to set up a uniform rule regarding the effect of power, for right end left spins as well as for any combination of the direction of rotation of the propellers" (p. 1).
The Influence of the Centromere of Chromosome Fragment Frequency Under Chronic Irradiation: Studies on a large variety of plant species, particularly by Sparrow and his colleagues, have shown that radiosensitivity, as measured by growth inhibition and lethality, is strongly correlated with various parameters of the cell nucleus. Foremost among these are nuclear volume, SNA content and chromosome number. It is generally accepted that in proliferating cell systems chromosome damage may well be the principal radiobiological lesion, and the observed correlations are in line with the contention that loss of genetic materials following such fragmentation is a factor of a major importance in radiation-induced lethality and growth inhibition in plants.
The Influence of the Control-Surface-Servo Natural Frequency Upon the Transient Characteristics of a Flight-Path-Angle Control System Incorporating a Supersonic Missile: Report presenting a theoretical investigation to determine the effects of control-surface-servo natural frequency on the transient characteristics of a flight-path-angle control system for three values of airframe static margin and five flight conditions. Results regarding response time, attitude accuracy, total volume of oil flow, peak rate of oil flow, and maximum normal acceleration for the missiles tested are provided.
The Influence of the Diameter Ratio on the Characteristics Diagram of the Axial Compressor: With the further development of axial blowers into highly loaded flow machines, the influence of the diameter ratio upon air output and efficiency gains in significance. Clarification of this matter is important for single-stage axial compressors, and is of still greater importance for multistage ones, and particularly for aircraft power plants. Tests with a single-stage axial blower gave a decrease in the attainable maximum pressure coefficient and optimum efficiency as the diameter ratio increased. The decrease must be ascribed chiefly to the guide surface of the hub and housing between the blades increasing with the diameter ratio.
Influence of the Doppler Effect on the Meltdown Accident: The influence of the Doppler effect in the core disassembly process following a meltdown accident is examined with a Bethe-Tait type model in which the Doppler effect, as well as core disassembly, is considered in the reactor shutdown process. It is shown that a strong negative Doppler effect can radically reduce the explosive energy release in such an accident. (auth)
The Influence of the Form of a Wooden Beam on Its Stiffness and Strength 1: Deflection of Beams With Special Reference to Shear Deformations: The purpose of this investigation was to determine to what extent ordinary deflection formulas, which neglect shear deformations, are in error when applied to beams of various sections, and to develop reasonably accurate yet comparatively simple formulas which take into account such deformations. A great many tests were made to determine the amount of shear deformation for beams of various sections tested over many different spans. As the span over which the beam is tested is increased the error introduced by neglecting shear deformations becomes less, and the values obtained by substituting measured deflections in the ordinary formulas approach more nearly the modulus of elasticity in tension and compression.
The Influence of the Form of a Wooden Beam on Its Stiffness and Strength 2: Form Factors of Beams Subjected to Transverse Loading Only: The general aim of the investigation described in this report is the achievement of efficient design in wing beams. The purpose of the tests was to determine factors to apply to the usual beam formula in order that the properties of wood based on tests of rectangular sections might be used as a basis of design for beams of any sections and if practical to develop formulas for determining such factors and to verify them by experiment. Such factors for various sections have been determined from test by comparing properties of the beam in question to similar properties of matched beams 2 by 2 inches in section.
The Influence of the Form of a Wooden Beam on Its Stiffness and Strength 3: Stresses in Wood Members Subjected to Combined Column and Beam Action: The general purpose in this study was to determine the stresses in a wooden member subjected to combined beam and column action. What may be considered the specific purpose, as it relates more directly to the problem of design, was to determine the particular stress that obtains at maximum load which, for combined loading, does not occur simultaneously with maximum stress.
The Influence of the Jet of a Propulsion Unit on Nearby Wings: "The present investigation was intended to ascertain how far a tail unit is subject to disturbance by the jet of a propulsion unit. The parameters upon which this disturbing influence depends, and the values it reaches, had to be determined" (p. 1).
The Influence of the Molecular Mean Free Path on the Performance of Hydrodynamic Gas Lubricated Bearings: "A modified Reynolds equation is derived for gaslubricated hydrodynamic bearings operating under ''slip flow'' conditions. Closed analytical solutions are given for a Rayleigh-type step-bearing and an inclined plane slider bearing for the case of two-dimensional flow. The influence of the molecular mean free path on the performance of bearings of arbitrary form is obtained by means of a small parameter, perturbation technique"
Influence of the Orifice on Measured Pressures: "The influence of different orifices on the result of measuring the same pressure distributions is the subject of this note. A circular cylinder is exposed to an air stream perpendicular to its axis and its pressure distribution is repeatedly determined. The pressures measured on the downstream half of the cylinder do not change for the orifice sizes used in the tests" (p. 1).
The influence of tip shape on the wing load distribution as determined by flight tests: "Pressure measurements were made in flight on the right upper wing of an M-3 airplane. The effects of tip plan form, washout, and transverse camber were investigated with eight tip forms in unyawed conditions through the range of positive lift coefficients from zero lift to the stall. The conclusion is that the tip plan form does not influence the span distribution of the coefficients of normal force and moment. It is shown inferentially that temperature, humidity, and the aging of the wood and fabric wing structure used on the M-3 airplane have an appreciable influence on the load distribution" (p. 479).
Influence of Total Surface Beta Irradiation on the Gross Metabolic Pattern of Rats: The following report records the study of albino rats subjected to beta rays and analyzes the skin reactions and metabolic patterns.
Influence of tube-entrance configuration on average heat-transfer coefficients and friction factors for air flowing in an Inconel tube: A heat-transfer investigation was conducted with air flowing through an electrically heated Inconel tube having either a long-approach or a right-angle-edge entrance, an inside diameter of 0.402 inch, and a length of 24 inches over a range of Reynolds numbers up to 375,000 and average inside-tube-wall temperatures up to 2000 degrees R. Good correlation of heat-transfer data was obtained for both entrances, which substantiates work previously reported. A fair correlation of friction data was obtained for both entrances. The entrance configuration had little effect on the average heat-transfer and friction coefficients.
Influence of Turbulence on Transfer of Heat From Cylinders: Note presenting an investigation of the problem of the influence of free-stream turbulence on the transfer of heat from a cylinder in forced convection at very low Mach numbers but at large Reynolds numbers. An attempt is made to determine whether the sole influence of turbulence is to shift the point of laminar separation in subcritical flow, or the point of transition in supercritical flow, and thus effect a change in the rate of heat transfer.
The influence of vertical-tail design and direction of propeller rotation on trim characteristics of a twin-engine-airplane model with one engine inoperative: Report presenting testing to determine the influence of propeller rotation and vertical-tail design on the trim characteristics of a model of a twin-engine airplane with one engine inoperative. The tests showed that the effect of mode of propeller rotation on the directional trim characteristics of the model operating with asymmetric power was considerable. Results regarding the effect of mode of propeller rotation and effect of vertical-tail design are provided.
The influence of vortex generators on the performance of a short 1.9:1 straight-wall annular diffuser with a whirling inlet flow: Report presenting an investigation in a duct system with fully developed pipe flow to determine the effects of vortex generators on the performance of a diffuser with whirling inlet flow. Testing was made with three different inlet whirl angles and rectangular, noncambered airfoils that varied in chord, span, angle setting, number, and location. Results for the 20.6 degree inlet whirl angle, 15.2 degree inlet whirl angle, 0 degree inlet whirl angle, and effect of inlet whirl angle on diffuser performance are provided.
The Influence of Wheel Spin-Up on Landing-Gear Impact: Note presenting an investigation of the influence of the wheel drag on the performance of the landing gear. The differential equations are developed and solved by numerical integration and by an analytical method. The possibilities of an eccentric wheel and an inclined shock strut are considered.
Influence of Wing and Fuselage on the Vertical-Tail Contribution to the Low-Speed Rolling Derivatives of Midwing Airplane Models with 45 Degree Sweptback Surfaces: Note presenting an investigation to determine the influence of the wing and fuselage on the vertical-tail contribution to the low-speed rolling derivatives of midwing airplane models with 45 degree sweptback surfaces. Results regarding the data presentation, characteristics of some basic configurations, interference effects, and tail contributions are provided.
Influence of wing flexibility on force-time relation in shock strut following vertical landing impact: Report presenting testing to determine the force developed in a shock strut as a function of the flexibility of the attached wing structure. Both the experiment and analysis indicated that wing flexibility had some effect on the shape and peak value of the force-time curve in a shock strut.
The influence of wing setting on the wing load and rotor speed of a PCA-2 autogiro as determined in flight: Flight tests were made on PCA-2 autogiro with wing settings of 2.2 degrees, 0.9 degrees, and -0.5 degrees. The wing load and rotor speed were measured in steady glides. The results obtained show that a wide variation in rotor speed as a function of air speed can be obtained by a suitable adjustment of the wing setting; that by decreasing the wing setting the upper safe flying speed, determined by the decrease is rotor speed, is greatly increased; and that the interference of the wing on the rotor thrust and lift coefficients is negligible.
Influences in the Selection of a Cycle for Small High Speed Engines Running on Solid or Airless Injection With Compression Ignition: Note presenting an investigation undertaken to answer the question of what cycle of heat phases should be selected for small high speed engines running on solid or airless injection with compression ignition, and what the relative proportions of the heat phases should be.
Informal Workshop on Intense Polarized Ion Sources : a Summary: An Informal Workshop on Intense Polarized Ion Sources was held on March 6, 1980, at the O'Hare Hilton Hotel, Chicago, Illinois. The purpose of the Workshop was to discuss problems in developing higher-intensity polarized proton sources, particularly the optically-pumped source recently proposed by L.W. Anderson of the University of Wisconsin. A summary of the discussions is reported. The main topic was the concept of utilizing an optically-pumped alkali vapor described by L. W. Anderson of the University of Wisconsin (Nucl. Instrum. Methods. v.167, pp. 369, 1979) and the questions he raised in that paper. The workshop started with a talk by Professor Anderson in which he further described the concepts of his paper and suggested some topics he felt needed further investigation. Later in the day, the discussion switched to other possible high-intensity polarized sources, in particular with the H/Cs charge exchange source similar to the system operating at the University of Wisconsin.
Information Exchange within the U.S. Department of Energy Pollution Prevention Community: Improving Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization Program (PP/WMIN) technologies, actions, and culture could be an important cost-cutting step for the US Department of Energy (DOE). Communicating ideas, concepts, process changes, and achievements is essential for the success of this program. The need to openly communicate ideas and concepts in a cost-effective manner is essential in an organization that has such diverse components as research and development, weapons production, and power generation. This approach is in contrast to the historic DOE culture developed within the cold war period in which compartmentalization, independence, and secrecy were stressed. DOE has now recognized that for any pollution prevention program to be successful, the many diverse elements of the organization must share information. Avenues for such information exchange are examined in this report.
Information for Application of Gamma Absorptometers for Chemical Processes: Fractional absorption of gamma photons from a source by uranium or plutonium in solution is measured to determine concentration of these elements.
Information Meeting on Gas-Cooled Power Reactors, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, October 21-22, 1958: From abstract: The design parameters for the various KE-ACF designs are outlined and a summary of the design features to be covered in detail at this symposium is presented.
Information Obtained From Airplane Flight Tests in the Year 1927-1928: The information obtained from flight tests in 1927-1928 covers chiefly the effect of the structural features of an airplane on its stability, controllability, maneuverability and spinning characteristics.
Information on the Prevention of Quarry Accidents: From Introduction: "The primary objective of this paper is to discuss the hazards and furnish a list of recommendations for the safe operation of the quarries and related works. The second objective is to describe and illustrate safety devices, practices, and quarrying methods."
Information Report by Atomic Power Development Associates Covering Work from the Period August 1, 1954 to January 31, 1955: Report issued by the APDA over the work conducted between August 1954 and January 1955. Descriptions of the studies, facilities, and equipment used during this time are presented. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.
Information Selection Systems Retrieval Replica Copies: a State-of-the-Art Report: Description of 15 specific systems employing search-type selection principles.
Infrared Absorption Measurements Indicating Intermolecular Association of Water and Hexone: This report analyzes infrared absorption measurements that were made in the regions of carbonyl band and hydroxyl band absorptions on solutions of water in hexone and water in acetone, confirming intermolecular association of water and hexone.
An Infrared Absorption Method for TBP After Extraction from an Aqueous Phase: This report describes an improved infrared absorption method to analyze aqueous samples and TBP after extraction. The method described in the following pages is the carbon tetrachloride extraction method.

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