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Aeroradioactivity Survey and Geology of Puerto Rico (ARMS-I)
Report containing an aeroradioactivity survey of Puerto Rico made on behalf of the Division of Biology and Medicine, United States Atomic Energy Commission. Topics include the types of bedrock noted in the area as well as their levels of radioactivity.
Aeroradioactivity Survey and Geology of the Gnome (Carlsbad) Area, New Mexico and Texas (ARMS-I)
Report regarding an airborne radioactivity survey that took place in the 7,000 square mile area around the GNOME test site near Carlsbad, New Mexico. Topics include the types of bedrock noted in the area as well as their levels of radioactivity.
Aeroradioactivity Survey and Related Surface Geology of Parts of the Los Angeles Region, California (ARMS-I)
Report regarding an airborne gamma-radioactivity survey that took place in the 2,800 square mile area around the Los Angeles region in California. Topics include the types of bedrock noted in the area as well as their levels of radioactivity.
Aeroradioactivity Survey and Related Surface Geology of Parts of the San Francisco Region, California (ARMS-I)
This report follows an aeroradioactivity survey that took place in the San Francisco region, California.
[Aerosol Generator Design] : Letter Report
The following report provides information on an aerosol generator fit to produce fine particles by a vaporization-condensation technique. Included is a diagram of the essential components of the generator.
Aerosol Penetration Through 9 Mil HV-70 Filter Paper With and Without Pinholes
Report studying the differences in the penetrative abilities of "two polydispersed dioctylphthalate aerosols of different particle size distribution through 9 mil HV-70 type filter paper with and without pinholes" (p. iii).
Aerospace Nuclear Safety: October 1 - 4, 1963
Proceedings on aerospace nuclear safety.
After Shutdown Heating in the HFIR
After shutdown heating rates have been calculated for the target, control plates, and the beryllium reflector of the HFIR. Hilvety previously calculated the after shutdown heating rates in the element and his results are reported in ORNL CP-60-4-110. Decay times of 1.0 10, 10^2, 10^3, 10^4, and 10^5 seconds have been considered, and heat fluxes have been computed for all of the mentioned components. The greatest heat fluxes were found to be at the surfaces of the control plates and the permanent beryllium reflector.
"Ages" of the Sikhote Alin Meteorite
The potassium-argon age of the Sikhote Alin iron meteorite has been determined. The value is 1.7 + 0.2 x 10⁹ years. Previous lead data suggest an age of 4.6 x 10⁹ years . The date of solidification may be the sum of these two ages.
AGN-GAM: an IBM 7090 Code to Calculate Spectra and Multigroup Constants
From abstract: The IBM-7090 code is discussed together with the subroutines for writing and revising the library tapes.
AGS Performance and Plans
The scope of the AGS complex has expanded rapidly during the three years since an accelerated beam was first obtained. Demand for research time far exceeds the amount available although facilities have been much increased. At the same time, experiments are being designed which are more complicated than previous ones and which make more stringent demands on the accelerator and on its auxiliary equipment. There is a continuous trend of experiments to particle beams of greater momentum, as the experimental techniques are refined. This use of increased momentum means that larger areas are required for the apparatus and that more power is necessary for the magnetic optics. All beam-sharing at the AGS is done by multiple use of each accelerated pulse because our experience indicates that pulse-by-pulse beam-sharing is relatively inefficient. (Expansion chambers have seldom been used at the AGS.) The problems of scheduling experiments becomes increasingly complex since combinations must be found satisfying the criteria: maximum number of experiments to run simultaneously; minimum downtime to be taken for rearrangement between successive experimental arrays
An Aid to Printed Circuit Layouts Using the IBM-704 Computer
Abstract: This memorandum presents the possible applications and instructions for using REDCROSS, an IBM-704 computer program.
Airborne Gamma-Ray Spectrometer and Magnetometer Survey, Brainerd Quadrangle, Minnesota: Final Report, Volume 1
A report regarding an airborne gamma-ray spectrometer and magnetometer survey of the Brainerd Quadrangle, Minnesota
Aircraft Reactor Test Removal and Disassembly
Report documenting the dissection of a reactor called the Aircraft Reactor Test (ART). Includes the removal of the reactor from its test cell, component removal, and plans for a for a disassembly building facility.
An Algorithm for Construction Feasible Schedules and Computing Their Schedule Times
"An algorithm for the generation of feasible schedules and the computation of the completion times of the job operations of feasible schedule is presented. Using this algorithm, the distribution of schedule times over the set of feasible schedule—or a subset of feasible schedules—was determined for technological orderings that could occur in a general machine shop. These distributions are found to be approximately normal. Biasing techniques corresponding to “first come first serve,” random choice of jobs ready at each machine and combinations of these two extremes were used to compute distributions of schedule times."
Alkali Metal Physical Properties Program at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft-CANEL
The favorable combination of physical properties such as heat capacity, viscosity, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity and high temperature liquid range make alkali metals, in principle, among the best heat transfer fluids available for use in nuclear reactor and other esoteric powerplant systems. Unfortunately, many of these properties are not known with sufficient certainty in the high temperature region to permit optimization of design criteria for developing maximum efficiency coolant systems. For this reason, Pratt & Whitney Aircraft-CANEL, have been concerned for some time in extending the physical properties data of alkali liquid metals in the high temperature region. A supplemental program is being initiated to study some of the properties of alkali metals in the gas phase. This information is required for designing systems where the alkali vapor is the working fluid. In addition, programs are under way to study the solubility of noble gases in alkali liquid metals and wetting characteristics of these liquid metals with structural materials.
Alpha Air Monitoring with [alpha]/[beta] Ratio Compensation for Natural Interference
Abstract. Results are presented of a theoretical study to calculate the [alpha]/[beta] ratio of filter-collected natural airborne radioactivity. The detection of airborne plutonium contamination by noting increases in this [alpha]/[beta] ratio is discussed. A modification of this approach which provides a more uniform response to alpha airborne contamination is described.
Alpha Particle Radiolysis of Anion Exchange Resins
Technical report. From Abstract : "Irradiation of 'Dowex' 1, 'Permutit' S-1, and 'Permutit' SK anion exchange resins with alpha particles results in losses in ion exchange capacity and in 'apparent per cent crosslinkage'. The order of decreasing radiolytic stability for these properties in 'Permutit" SX > 'Permutit' S-1 > 'Dowex' 1."
An Alpha Scintillation Tester for Uranium Surface Contamination of N-Reactor Fuel
Report that "describes a nondestructive tester and some of its applications in measuring 10 to 100 µg of uranium surface contamination on unirradiated, low enrichment, uranium fuel elements" (p. ii).
Alternating Direction and Semi-Explicit Difference Methods for Parabolic Partial Differential Equations
"The energy method is applied to study the stability of two types of difference approximations to parabolic partial differential equations, the alternating direction methods Douglas, Peaceman, and Rachford, and a new semi- explicit method. Each difference scheme is proved to be unconditionally stable. These results apply to parabolic equations with variable coefficients, defined in cylindrical domains with an essentially arbitrary bounded base."
Alternating Gradient Magnets
The angle by which a magnet deflects the trajectory of a particle in the x-z plane is proportional to the integral [integral not transcribed] taken over the trajectory wherever B≠0. Alternating gradient focusing is achieved by designing magnets so that I=I(x) varies linearly with x over a suitable x interval. Usually this is done by shaping the poles to give a linear variation of By with x while keeping the length of the magnet constant for different x. Certain advantaged may be gained by varying the effective length of the magnet with x and keeping By constant so that the integral varies properly with x. Figure 1 shows several such poles for which the trajectory length, and hence the integral (1), varies approximately from 2/3 to 4/3 of the mean value.
Aluminum Alloy Work at Hanford
Investigation of aqueous and steam corrosion at elevated temperature has been carried on at Hanford for several tears. A number of reports have been published on various phases of the corrosion program but, except for monthly reports, little has been written on the progress of the Corrosion and Coatings Operation alloy development program. This interim report will outline the more important current phases of the aluminum alloy program.
Amplitude-Probability Distributions for Atmospheric Radio Noise
Report providing detail measurements and percentages in charts, using three statistical parameters, for amplitude-probability distributions of atmospheric radio noise.
The Anadarko Basin (of parts of Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and Colorado)
Abstract: This report is a synthesis of published and unpublished data on the rocks of the Anadarko basin.
Analog and Digital Readout on an IBM Output Writer
Abstract: A control system to provide digital printing and to plot an analog trace on an electric operated IBM model 11C Output Writer is described. The Digital mode of operation translates multidigit numbers through a set of commands to print each digit serially, then presents them to the output writer in a time sequence. The Analog mode of operation converts a d.c. input voltage to a digital number and by tab and space bar commands translates the carriage horizontally a distance proportional to this number.
Analog Computer Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of the EDCR Due to Reactivity Accidents
The ORNL analog computer was used to examine one aspect of a safety system for the EGCR. The thermal behavior of the fuel as a result of increases in reactivity at various power levels and gas flows was examined. Safety actions initiated by wither a flux-minus-flow signal or a reactor outlet gas temperature signal were included in simulation.
Analog Computer Simulation of a Pulsed Extraction Column
Report describing "computer techniques used in the simulation and parameter determination, how the data were prepared for inclusion in the computer simulation, (and) methods used in presenting the results" (p. 3-4).
Analog Computer Studies of the ML-1 Power Plant
From introduction: The main objective of the AGCRSP is to develop plans and specifications for a mobile nuclear power plant suitable for military field use.
Analog Models for HNPF Control and Protection Studies
Abstract: This report, intended as a working document, contains analytic representations and analog models of the Hallam Nuclear Power Facility as used in studies of the Control and Protection Systems.
Analog Simulation of the Hanford N-Reactor Plant, Part 1: Description of the Overall Simulation Model
Report that describes Hanford Laboratories' overall N-Reactor plant simulation model and its use to study the characteristics of the plant, plant operational procedures, and the effects of plant, operator, and control system malfunctions.
Analog Stimulation of HRP In-Pile Slurry Loop Facility in the LITR
An analog simulation is made of the HRP in-pile slurry loop in the LITR. The radiolytic gas pressure in the pressurizer is determined. This pressure is a result of the generation of radiolytic gas in the loop core. A graphical result is obtained showing the effect of catalyst activity and pressurizer flow rate on the pressure rise from radiolytic gas. The thermal behavior of the system is studied, and the response to various controller settings is predicted. Controller settings very near optimum for the actual process were recommended from the analog study,
Analog Study of the Reference Design of the Gas-Cooled ORR Loop No. 1
A stimulation study of the deign as of June 1960 of the gas-cooled ORR Loop No. 1 was made using the ORNL analog computer. The proposed method of temperature control is evaluated, and the dynamic behavior of the loop for accidents and component failures is presented in graphical form.
Analysis of Carbon Monoxide-Nitrogen Mixtures by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
From abstract: "A single focusing mass spectrometer has been converted into a double focusing instrument. Relatively high resolution is obtained by decreasing the slit widths and minimizing the ion-optic aberrations. A relatively low ion accelerating voltage (2000 volts) is utilized compared to those normally used for high resolution work. The entire construction was performed at these laboratories. Essentially all of the original equipment was reused in the double focusing system. Although the original source slit was decreased from 10 to 0.4 mils and the source α value was decreased from 0.04 to 0.008 radians, sufficient sensitivity is obtained for quantitative gas analysis with the ordinary electrometer tube amplifiers utilizing 4 x 10[^]10 ohms input grid resistors and 100 per cent inverse feedback. Carbon monoxide-nitrogen mixtures were analyzed quantitatively. The results indicate that direct quantitative analysis can be obtained on mixtures ranging from 99 per cent to 10 per cent carbon monoxide in nitrogen. Analysis of lower percentages may be made possible through indirect reading of the peak should it be necessary. It appears that the instrument should be adaptable to research problems concerning these two gases. The immediate problem posed is the analysis of oxygen and nitrogen in metals. Other applications may be possible such as analysis of metastable fragment ions of hydrocarbons or identification of doublet peaks requiring high resolution."
Analysis of Cell Population Kinetics
The relation between trace kinetic parameters of cell populations and the statistics used in studies on cell populations is discussed. It is pointed out that responses in cell populations are complex and subject to many perturbations. Some of these are discussed. It is concluded that a complete check list of sources of error is required for studies of great accuracy, and a calculus to help in combining heterogeneous data is needed for studies of systems of great complexity.
Analysis of Coaxial Two-Terminal Conical Capacitor
From Abstract: "The electric field is plotted and its construction steps for axial symmetry are given."
Analysis of Electric Energy Usage in Air Force Houses Equipped with Air-to-Air Heat Pumps
From Introduction: "One part of this study, which is presented in this Monograph, consists of an analysis of electric energy usage and electric power demand data obtained from a sample group of occupied houses at Little Rock Air Force Base in Arkansas, equipped with heat pumps, water heaters, cooking ranges, clothes dryers, and miscellaneous appliances all operated by electricity."
Analysis of Failure of Type 304 Stainless Steel Clad Swaged Powder Fuel Assembly
From introduction: "The purpose of this report is to describe the observations made during the post-irradiation examination of HPD-2S, and to discuss possible modes of failure.
An Analysis of Gravity Data in Area 12, Nevada Test Site
This report summarizes the gravity data of the Area 12, Nevada Test Site.
An Analysis of Inconsistencies in Removal Cross Sections of Carbon and Oxygen
Abstract. Some recent analysis of certain Lid Tank fast neutron dose rates measured in oil and water indicates that there are some basic inconsistencies with reported oxygen and carbon removal cross sections and the reported data. These inconsistencies may be explained in several ways: (1) The reported carbon removal cross section is wrong. (2) The reported oil composition is wrong. (3) The reported oxygen removal cross section is wrong since it is based on an assumed rather than a measured oil composition. (4) Some of the experimental data are wrong. It is not possible to determine which of the above is most likely on the basis of analysis alone but the possibilities are pointed out and, based on the assumption that all the experimental data are correct, it appears most likely that the oil composition assumed in ORNL 2197 was in error.
An Analysis of Instrumental Errors Affecting the Performance of a Schultz-Type Texture Goniometer
The performance of a Schultz-type texture goniometer is shown to be adversely affected by a number of experimental errors all of which result in defocusing of the diffracted beam. Those errors result from the tilting of the specimen, from lack of precision in positioning it and from its absorption coefficient. An experimental procedure is outlined which minimized these errors and results in optimum performance of the instrument.
Analysis of Mixtures of Alcohols by Acylation
From abstract: "Recently a general chemical method for the analysis of mixtures of alcohols appeared, using pyridine catalyzed acetylation and second order kinetics to determine the amount of the faster reacting component. The use of 0.25M isobutyric anhydride in pyridine containing 0.0025M perchloric acid as catalyst promotes the rate of the reaction and diminishes the time necessary to perform an analysis. A mathematical treatment of the data and kinetic plot reduces the number of kinetic points to only four or five. The mixtures are primarily composed of isomers."
Analysis of Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering Experiments
Presented at session S-1 of the Tenth Annual International Conference on High-Energy Physics, Rochester, New York, August 25- September 1, 1960. The analysis of the latest experiments on p-p scattering at 210 Mev makes it probable that there is a unique set of phase shifts at this energy. Under reasonable assumptions about continuity of the phase shifts and the behavior of the higher partial waves, it is possible to pick a unique solution also at 310 and 95 Mev. This opens a new era in the analysis of nucleon-nucleon scattering, which should lead to a unique model for the scattering matrix up to 400 Mev. Theoretical attempts to calculate a "meson potential" from field theory have not been successful, and the semi-phenomenological potential models, although now in good qualitative agreement with experiment, are not quantitatively reliable. Instead of using these models as a basis for an energy-dependent parameterization of the scattering matrix, as was done by Breit and his collaborators, it is here argued that the Mandelstam representation offers a more reliable starting point. A formalism is developed which allows the one and two pion exchange interaction to be included exactly and gives a Lorentz-invariant description of the rest of the interaction. Coulomb effects are included in single pion exchange, and it is shown that the /sup 1/S/sub O/ n-p and p-p states are charge independent within the region of the remaining theoretical uncertainties. A new analysis is presented of n-p total cross sections between 1 and 14 Mev which obtains a value of 2.67 approximately 0.03 for the singlet effective range, in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. Results of an energy-dependent analysis of 387 pieces of p-p data reported elsewhere are examined from the point of view of the Mandelstam representation. The parameters which fit the /sup 1/S/sub …
Analysis of Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer of a Pebble-Bed-Storage Heater for a Hypersonic Wind Tunnel
Abstract: "The pressure drop and the time-temperature variation of the air test medium and heat storage material in a pebble-bed heater (designed for intermittent hypersonic wind-tunnel operation at test section Mach numbers of 4 to 11) are presented."
Analysis of Six-Bar Linkage Using Digital Computer
Summary. The analysis of the motion of a six-bar linkage is difficult because of the large number of variables involved and the large number of calculations that have to be made for each position of the linkage. If a digital computer is used to make the calculations required for a multi-position analysis of a mechanism, it is feasible to design by analyzing a large numbers of similar linkages and selecting the optimum configuration. In this paper expressions have been derived for the output angle as a function of the input angle and the transmission angle as a function of the input angle for any single-degree-of-freedom six-bar linkage for which the parameters are known An example showing the usefulness of a six-bar computer program as a mechanism design tool is discussed.
Analysis of Stresses in Bellows
Abstract: Design charts and systematic design forms are presented for simplified calculations to check the number of convolutions and thickness required to limit the deflection and pressure stress range in three types of bellows.
Analysis of the Combustion of Graphite-Uranium Fuels in a Fixed Bed or Moving Bed
The first step in a proposed processing method for recovery of uranium from graphite-uranium fuels consists of oxidation of the fuel by oxygen to volatilize the carbon. Residue ash from the combustion step can be treated in a variety of ways to recover and purify the uranium. The combustion step may be caried out by contacting the solid fuel in a fixed or moving bed with a stream of oxygen-bearing gas in a tubular or annular reactor. Oxidizing gas may be introduced to the reactor at several points up the reactor and there may be continuous or intermittent addition of fresh fuel and removal of residue ash.
Analysis of the Moon's Surface by Nuclear Reactions
Introduction. With the imminence of non-destructive landings of small instrumented payloads on the moon, many suggestions are being put forth as to methods of analyzing its surface. It is the purpose of this report to present a body of information which, it is hoped, will be useful in examining the feasibility of an early nuclear experiment to determine the elemental constituents of the lunar surface. The reasons for considering a nuclear approach is that it may be possible to perform an analysis without complex and elaborate manipulations, sample preparation or rigid geometrical constraints. Only those experimental designs which come within the presently-available or very-near-future general boundary conditions on weights, power, vehicles, etc., are discussed. The general approach is to consider the bombardment of the lunar surface with various nuclear beams and to examine the possible nuclear reactions which are know to be dependent on the mass and charge of the irradiated material. Then, those resultant radiations are sought which can be detected with little-or-no loss or distortion of the information which they contain.
Analysis of UO2 Grain Growth Data From "Out of Pile" Experiments
Summary: Data on equlaxed UO2 grain growth from "out of pile" experiments have been gathered from all known sources and analyzed to determine the relationship between the grain size developed and annealing temperature and between grain size and the time at temperature. On the basis of the analysis, an equation relating gain size to time and temperate has been selected that appears to best describe the data considered as a whole. The coefficients in this grain growth equation have been evaluated to indicate the variance between different investigations and/or different UO2 sinters. The general applicability and limitations of "out of pile" grain growth data for the determination of temperatures in the microstructures of irradiated UO2 are discussed. Specific recommendations are made for the conditions under which grain size can be reliably employed as a temperature indicator. The objective in undertaking this analysis on UO2 grain growth was to obtain a working relationship between UO2 grain size and annealing time and/or temperature, and also a measure of the potential variation in the relationship. The intended use of the results was the determination of temperatures based on the grain sized observed in the post-irradiation metallographic examination of AEC-Euratom High Performance UO2 Program fuel capsules. The results are being reported in the belief that they will be of use in the analysis of other fuel experiments.
Analysis of Uranium Fuel-Element Wafers from Atomics International for Uranium, Plutonium and Samarium
Five irradiated and five unirradiated wafers were analyzed. Each wafer was analyzed for samarium by emission spectrography. The unirradiated wafers were analyzed for uranium by coulometric and potentiometric methods and for uranium isotopes by mass spectrometry. The irradiated wafers were analyzed for uranium and plutonium by coulometric methods, for plutonium isotopes by the 256-channel alpha pulse analyzer, and for the isotopes of uranium and of plutonium by mass spectrometry. The methods of preparing wafers for analysis are discussed; the data are tabulated.
Analysis of Zero Power Experiments on SM-1 Core II and SM-1A Core I
Abstract: An analysis of SM-1 Core II and SM-1A Core I zero power experiments was made by comparing these cores to each other and to AM-1 Core I on the basis of critical bank positions, bank calibrations and available chemical analyses of the fuel plate compositions. The effects of replacing boron absorbers by europium absorbers upon rod worth and stuck rod conditions were studied. Comparisons of measured and calculated power distributions were made. It was concluded that both SM-1 Core II and SM-1A Core I contain nearly identical B-10 loading of 17.79 grams, compared to the best estimate of 15.75 grams for SM-1 Core I. The available data indicates that all three cores possess similar nuclear characteristics.
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