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Investigations of Ice-Free Sites for Aircraft Landings in East Greenland, 1959: Abstract: "Thirty-three specific landing sites were investigated in the ice-free land area of East Greenland between Scores by Sund and Loch Fyne. Eight of these are considered suitable for emergency landings in summer by heavy cargo planes, and several more for light cargo planes. Several sites were investigated for the Royal Greenland Trade Department in the Scorebysund - Kap Tobin area. A 1550-foot airstrip was located on a gravel terrace in the Jaettedal, eight miles northwest of Kap Tobin, and a short strip requiring some construction work was located near Kap Tobin. An 11,500-foot airstrip was tentatively laid out on a gravel terrace at Storelv, near Moskusoksefjord. Utilization of several of these sites can add a significant safety factor to commercial or military aircraft operations in East Greenland. Reconnaissance observations verify the presence of abundant emergency sources of fresh water in East Greenland; analyses of 36 samples indicate water of good to excellent chemical quality."
The Cumulus and Meteorological Events of the Florida Peninsula During a Particular Summertime Period: Cloud Refractive Index Studies IIIA: The cumulus cloud events of the Florida peninsula that were observed during a 19-day period of photoreconnaissance in August and September 1957 are described and illustrated. The associated meteorological and rainfall events are also described and the intercorrelations among the various observations are pointed out. The study findings revealed that the principal factors governing the cloud and rainfall situations of the different days were (1) the low-level advection of water vapor into the peninsula from the oceanic surroundings, (2) the wind transport, into the heated peninsula from the oceans during the daytime, of pre -existing cumulus populations containing appreciable liquid water, (3) the low-level convergence, and associated updraft motion, engendered by the synoptic situation and the peninsula sea breezes, and (4) the precipitable water content of the lower Florida air mass. (Author)
Design and Operating Experience of the ESADA Vallecitos Experimental Superheat Reactor (EVESR): Summary: "The various design features significant to superheat are described for the 12-1/2 MW., 960 psig, 1050° F, steam-cooled, low-enriched, annular-fueled, experimental superheat reactor built by the General Electric Company at the Vallecitos Atomic Power Laboratory. Results obtained during the first six months of full-power operation, on the emergency cooling system, core thermal performance, and pressure vessel temperatures are presented and compared with predictions. Operating experience with over-all reactor system is also discussed."
Pressure Vessel Steel Surveillance Program for General Electric Power Reactors: Abstract: "Pressure vessel steel surveillance programs are performed in nuclear power reactors to provide knowledge of the mechanical properties of the pressure vessel material as neutron irradiation proceeds. A standard surveillance program is described. Design of specimens, capsules, and associated equipment, as well as selection of test material and techniques for special preparation and testing, are discussed."
Plates To Accompany Final Report Of Geological, Geophysical, Chemical, And Hydrological Investigations Of The Sand Springs Range, Fairview Valley, And Fourmile Flat, Churchill County, Nevada: The following documents are aseries of plates to accompany the final report of "Geological, Geophysical, Chemical, and Hydrological Investigations of the Sand Springs Range, Fairview Valley, and Fourmile Flat, Churchill County, Nevada".
Computer Technique for Tracing Seismic Rays in Two-Dimensional Geological Models: The following report describes the computer technique for tracing seismic rays in two-dimensional geological models in the state during the time this report was written, and presents some preliminary results.
Computer Technique for Tracing Seismic Rays in Two-Dimensional Geological Models: Explanation of Figures 7a-d, 8a-c and 9a-d: The following report explains the seismic ray models presented in this report.
Application of Dislocation Theory to Analysis of Vertical Displacements at the Ground Surface Caused by the Duryea Event: This report documents the use of the dislocation theory to analyze measured vertical displacements across a fault near the Duryea underground nuclear explosion.
Calculation of Cavity Radius Using an Average Potential Energy Function: This report presents an equation used for calculating the radii of non-spherical cavities formed by underground nuclear explosions.
Geodimeter Measurement of Earth Strains on Rainier Mesa, Nevada Test Site: Abstract: "Geodimeter surveys were made on four traverses near the east scarp of Rainier Mesa between October 27, 1967 and April 26, 1968. These measurements were made in order to determine if an changes in distance between survey stations had resulted from downslope creep of the rocks behind the scarp, or if any displacements had resulted from nuclear explosions beneath the mesa and in adjacent areas. A persistent small but possibly significant, slopeward displacement was measured along one traverse and may represent detachment of a large block; monitoring for an additional period of time is recommended."
Geologic Map of Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: This report summarizes the geological features of the Pahute Mesa map in the Nevada Test Site.
Borehole Gravity Meter Observations in Drill Hole Ue19n, Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site: This report presents the gravity data of drill hole Ue19n at the Nevada Test Site.
Geophysical and Geologic Field Measurements for the U16a.04 Tunnel, Nevada Test Site, Nevada with a Discussion of Geophysical Measurements in Horizontal Holes: This report summarizes the results of the U.S. Geological Survey geophysical and geological studies of the rock in the U16a.04 tunnel in the Nevada Test Site.
Records of Wells and Test Holes Drilled at the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity Since 1960: From introduction: "This report was compiled to bring together the well data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey since 1960. This compilation includes data on 63 wells and test holes which were drilled since the Moore reports were prepared, or which were deepened or otherwise modified since 1960."
Geology and Geophysical Field Measurements for the Midi Mist Tunnel, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: The following report summarizes the geological and geophysical studies made on the rocks of the Midi Mist site in the Area-12 tunnel complex of the Nevada Test Site. The data was needed to determine whether the rock met the technical criteria of the nuclear experiment.
Geophysical and Geologic Field Measurements for the U12n.03 Tunnel, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: This report summarizes results on surveys taken by the U.S. Geological Survey made to determine the seismic velocity, electrical resistivity, and preliminary geology of rock in the U12n.03 tunnel, Nevada Test Site.
Borehole Gravity Meter Observations in Drill Hole Test Well-B, Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site: Abstract: "Fifteen in situ interval densities were calculated from the borehole gravity meter observations made in Test Well-B. The weighted average density for all the rocks sampled by the gravity meter is 1.83 gm/cc. The alluvium density ranges from 1.71 to 1.82 gm/cc and averages 1.76 gm/cc. The lake beds range from 1.91 to 1.93 gm/cc and average 1.92 gm/cc. The Rainier Mesa Member averages 1.83 gm/cc. The Tiva Canyon Member averages 1.74 gm/cc and the upper 110 feet of Topopah Spring Member has a density of 2.30 gm/cc."
Preliminary Geologic Section from Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site to Enterprise, Utah: This report summarizes the geological analyses of one of the preliminary cross sections from the Pahute Mesa in the Nevada Test Site, particularly the uppermost Precambrian-Paleozoic strata.
ABWR: PL-2 Design Report: From preface: This report satisfies the quarterly progress report requirements for PL-1 and PL-2 plant design work for the period ending September 30, 1960 At present time a SL-1 Core 2 is under construction. This is a replacement core for SL-1 (ALPR) and will be identical to a PL-2 core; a PL condenser is under test at the SL-1 facility; final construction plans for PL components and modules which are not site sensitive will be completed in March 1961.
Atlas of Irradiated Fuel Structures: Compilation of photographs, photomicrograph mosaics of fuel element cross-sections, and autoradiographs of irradiated fuels. These images were colleted to understand in-reactor fuel kinetics and illustrate structural changes that occur during irradiation of ceramic fuel elements.
Co60 Vitamin B12 Binding Capacity of Human Leukocytes: This report examines the "vitamin B12 binding capacity of leukocytes obtained from three normal subjects and 19 persons with various hematologic disorders."
Operation Roller Coaster Project Officers Report -- Project 2.8 : Off-Site Survey: This report describes and discusses sampling methods to study plutonium contaminated in off-site locations.
Technical and economic potentials of shale oil production by nuclear explosives: "In the following report, a new technology is discussed which was first proposed in 1959, but which has been developed mainly since 1964; the in situ production of oil from shale by large underground retorts created by nuclear explosives. The first part of the present report describes this new process; the second part gives an analysis of the United States and the world endowments with crude oil resources and oil shale deposits and finally, the third part deals with expected cost estimates of this new technology as compared with present crude oil prices and potential costs of conventional shale oil production."
Outline of the geology of the U12i and U12i.01 tunnels and lithology of the U12i.01 drill hole, Nevada test site: A report outlining the geology of the U12i and U12i.01 tunnels and the lithology of the U12i.01 drill hole, located at a Nevada test site. Prepared on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.
Geologic map of the Quartet Dome quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: a geologic map of the Quartet Dome quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada
Radioactivity Dissemination Near Uranium Processing Mills: This report follows a preliminary survey made to study radioactive contamination of the soil (and to some extent in the air and waters) in the vicinity of seven uranium processing mills.
Thorium and Rare Earth Resources of the Lemhi Pass Area, Idaho and Montana: Summary Report: The following report discusses thorium and rare earth resources in the Lemhi Pass thorium area where over 200 samples were collected.
Doppler and related measurements in a soft fast-reactor spectrum: This report deals with a group of both theoretical and experimental investigations which have been carried out, utilizing Core 15, one in a series of critical assemblies that have been constructed at Atomics International's Epithermal Critical Experiments Laboratory (ECEL).
Quarterly Technical Progress Report, AEC Unclassified Programs: Fiscal Year 1968: Quarterly report with the objectives of evaluating, producing, and maintaining of an up-to-dat set of basic nuclear data; producing and evaluating of multigroup constants; and the improvement of present day methods of neutronic calculations as relates to microscopic and macroscopic nuclear data, for unclassified research sponsored by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission during FY 1968.
Geologic section from Carlsbad Caverns National Park through the Project Gnome site, Eddy and Lea Counties, N. Mex: Discussing peaceful applications of nuclear explosions
Trace elements reconnaissance investigations in New Mexico and adjoining states in 1951: Discussing a reconnaissance search made in New Mexico and adjacent states for uranium in coal and carbonaceous shale, chiefly of Mesozoic age, and black marine shale of Paleozoic age.
Preliminary report on Bureau of Mines Yellow Creek corehole no. 1, Rio Blanco County, Colorado: Analysis of geologic, hydrologic, and geophysical data obtained in and around Yellow Creek core hole No. 1, Rio Blanco County, Colorado, indicate a 1,615-foot section of oil shale was penetrated by the hole. Geophysical log data indicate the presence of 25 gallons per ton shale for a thickness of 500 feet may be marginal. The richest section of oil shale is indicated to be centered around a depth of 2,260 feet. Within the oil shale the interval 1,182 to 1,737 feet is indicated to be relatively structurally incompetent and probably permeable. Extension of available regional hydrologic data indicate the oil shale section is probably water bearing and may yield as much as 1,000 gallons per minute. Hydrologic testing in the hole is recommended.
Scintillation Counter [gamma]-Spectra Unfolding Code for the IBM-650 Computer: Abstract. An IBM-650 computer code for the detailed unfolding of [gamma]-ray spectra obtained from NaI scintillation counters has been developed. The procedure is set up to remove analyzer scale dependence and to largely remove energy dependences. Computer time is about 1 minute per [gamma]-ray.
Non-military Uses of Nuclear Explosions: Introduction. With the development of fission and subsequently of thermonuclear explosives, a very large source of cheap energy has become available. The problem of using this energy for peaceful purposes safely and economically presents itself as one of the most interesting and important of our time. In explosions the energy is released very suddenly. Conversion of this sudden release of energy at extremely high temperature and pressure into the form of useful work, either mechanical or chemical or thermal, must be accomplished in order for such explosions to have nonmilitary uses. The technical feasibility of such conversions in a number of different instances will be described in this article. At the same time one must be able to control nuisance effects. Examples of these are seismic effects, the blast and heat which at least in the atmosphere always accompany such explosions, and the problem of radioactivity. Even given the technical feasibility of these accomplishments, which in some cases seems quite clear from what is known already, one must prove economic feasibility. That is to say, one must show that the cost of certain nonmilitary undertakings will be considerably less by the use of nuclear explosions than by conventional methods.
Seismic Decoupling for Explosions in Spherical Cavities: Abstract. A series of paired explosions in a salt mine near Winnfield, Louisiana, has been conducted to test a theory by Dr. A. L. Latter concerning seismic decoupling by underground cavities. The theory predicted a decoupling of about 100. Free-field and surface measurements from an explosion in either a 6-ft- or a 15-ft-radius spherical cavity were compared with similar measurements from a completely tamped explosion. Shot sixes were from a 10 lb up to a few tons. Surface measurements were made out to 100 km and covered the frequency range from 0.05 to 100 cpa. The experiment confirmed that decoupling does occur. The actual decoupling factor as a function of frequency is presented and compared with the Latter theory.
A New Liquid Explosive, NTN: Abstract. The preparation and properties of a new explosive, liquid over the range -65 degrees F to +165 degrees F, are presented. This explosive, called NTN, is a 5/1/1 mole ration of nitromethane, tetranitromethane, 1 -nitropropane. The sensitivity and stability of NTN meet military requirements.
Transient Thermal Stress in Tubular Reactor Elements: In this paper, a theoretical solution is developed for the transient thermal stress distribution in a reactor fuel tube of circular cross sections with spatially uniform internal power generation and forced convective heat transfer at the inner surface of the tube. Solution of the equation of heat conduction is done my means of a Laplace transform with subsequent application of the inversion integral to arrive at a final expression for the transient temperature distribution. The solution is of interest in the analysis of transients in reactors which use either a gas or liquid heat transfer medium. The work was initiated in conjunction with the quench testing of ceramic fuel elements for a gas-cooled reactor. Expressions for the component stresses are given explicitly and examples of application of these formulas to startup of a gas cooled reactor and the flow quenching of a fuel tube are given.
Rectangular Wave Guide Custom Installations: Technical report describing the methods used for forming wave guides for installations of microwave diagnostic systems for use in Project Sherwood. A machine designed by the author is described along with details of its use.
Tory II-A Instrumentation System : Brief Description: Abstract. The Tory II-A reactor is a small, air cooled, high power-density reactor which is to operate at quite high temperatures. Design of the reactor is essentially complete. First operation is scheduled for late 1960 at the Nevada Test Site of the Atomic Energy Commission. Since the reactor is unshielded, the control room which houses the recording and indicting equipment is located approximately two miles from the test bunker. Signals from reactor and facility transducers are amplified in the test bunker and transmitted by cable to the control point. The kinds of quantities measures include neutron flux level, temperatures, pressures, vibration amplitudes, strain and air mass flow rate. The recording and indicating system is centered around 258 channels of 1.5 cycle per second, pulse-width modulation tape recording equipment and 72 channels of 120 cps, analogue strip-chart records. In addition, there is a number of the usual meters, scalers and slow-response strip-chart recorders.
Neutron Diffusion Theory Programs and Their Application to Simple Critical Systems: Introduction. The Lawrence Radiation Laboratory of the University of California has developed a series of reactor neutronic programs for an IBM 709 Data Processing System.. This paper presents a brief outline of these codes and includes the results of one- and two-dimensional diffusion calculations used to interpret data from a series of enriched-uranium beryllium-oxide moderated critical measurements. These were performed for the specific purpose of evaluating the computer programs. The time-independent neutron diffusion theory criticality codes are 9ZOOM, a one-dimensional multigroup program; and 9ANGIE, a two-dimensional multigroup program. A series of codes, named SOPHIST, are described which prepare neutronic input data for the criticality codes. Examples of modification of the data to account for disadvantage factors, anisotropic scattering and for the (n,2n) reaction of Be9 are given. The critical assemblies include bare and graphite-reflected systems, using atomic BeO/U235 ratios from 247/1 to 7660/1, arranged in simple one- and two-dimensional rectangular parallelepiped arrays. All of the assemblies utilized heterogeneous arrangements of moderator and thin uranium foils. These systems are not truly thermal and are in a range where critical mass is extremely sensitive to size. The constants used in the multigroup (18 energy groups were used) calculations are presented in tabular form. Certain problems are used as test examples to show sensitivities to mesh spacing, extrapolation parameters and shelf-shielding factors. The results of the diffusion calculations of the critical mass are within 10% of experimental values.
Monte Carlo Schemes for Neutron Migration Using Importance Sampling and Splitting: Abstract. Monte Carlo methods using importance sampling and splitting are proposed for estimating the effectiveness of neutron shields. As usual, the aim is to increase the number of particles that go through or around the shield, this increase being compensated by a decrease in the weights of these particles. With suitable modifications, the ideas are applicable to to other Monte Carlo problems. One way of using splitting and Russian roulette is to require that the weight of each particle be approximately equal to a specified function of the coordinate; one such function is given in equation. The proposed form of importance sampling uses a cross-section for particle collisions that is the product of the neutron cross-section (or its square root) with a linear function of the cosine of the angle between the particle direction and some preferred direction. The probability density of this cosine itself is taken proportional to the reciprocal of this same linear function. This function is adjustable on both a regional and an overall basis.
State of Matter at High Pressure: Abstract. The region where exact thermodynamic description of the state of matter at high pressure and high temperature is possible is located. In the remaining region various approximate theories and empirical relations are discussed. These considerations are applied to hydrogen to locate the density and pressure at which the diatomic bond collapses. Also the approximate conditions are determined at which no bound electron states exist.
High Current Pulsed Electron Accelerator: The most important component required for the Astron experimental facility is a high energy, high current, pulsed electron accelerator. A thin cylindrical layer of high energy electrons trapped within an axially symmetric magnetic field is the key feature of the Astron thermonuclear device. The trapping magnetic field is constant in time. Therefore, it is not possible to inject electrons and trap the electrons in this field unless during the injection phase a part of the electron energy is absorbed by some friction process. This is accomplished by means of eddy currents generated on suitable passive circuits by the current of the injected electron bunch. This method has ben described elsewhere. However, in order to achieve an effective loss mechanism the current of the injected electron beam must be over one hundred amps. Such high current beams are difficult to handle except if the electron energy is high enough so that the electrostatic repulsive force is compensated to great extent by attractive magnetive forces. Hence the electron energy required is 5 Mev or higher. Other requirements on the electron layer yield the same result.
On the Establishment of a Temperature Function: Among the thermodynamic variables, which include temperature (T), energy per unit mass (E), volume per unit mass (V), pressure (p), and others any two may be selected as independent, and on this pair will depend, in principle, every other variable, each such relationship constituting an "equation of state". Thus, the common choice of V and T as independent variables implies that E is given by a function E(V,T), p by a function p(V,T), and similarly for the other variables. Occasionally, it is desirable to select V and E as independent variables rather than V and T, and to define the functions. The concern of this paper will be with the relationship between the two functions p(V,E) and T(V,E) since these have considerable utility. Two illustrative cases will be examined, namely, that of a "perfect gas" and that of a model representing a real substance.
Standardization in the Design and Construction of Electronic Instrumentation and Control Systems: Abstract. An extensive activity at the University of California Lawrence Radiation Laboratory is the design and construction of elaborate electronic systems for instrumentation and control of test and research facilities. Design and construction of these large scale electronic systems is guided by principles and practices of standardization which reduce system cost and completion time. A summary of these standardization principles and practices is presented.
The LRL Capture-Gamma Coincidence Spectrometer: Abstract. A fast-slow coincidence scintillation spectrometer for gamma-gamma cascade measurements following thermal neutron absorption in nuclei is now in operation at the Livermore 1-megawatt pool-type reactor. Design features of the spectrometer and experimental techniques in its use are discussed with particular emphasis on the application of the recently introduced sum-coincidence method for analysis of capture-gamma double cascades. A new technique for the determination of added neutron binding energy is presented and various types of coincidence data from appropriate experiments are illustrated.
The Measurement of Air Flow Through High Efficiency Filters: Abstract. An inexpensive method for detection of dust-loaded high efficiency filters is described. Air flow is continuously indicated by elementary pitot tubes and plastic rotameters. Accuracy obtained is within +- 15%. Information as to construction, installation, and use is presented.
Crystallography of Some of the Transition Element Beryllides: A crystallographic study of the transition element beryllides was undertaken in support of phase diagram work. These beryllides are very high melting, and the use of ordinary methods make it difficult to determine stoichiometry. We have succeeded in establishing the compositions and complete crystal structure description of all of the room temperature stable or metastable compounds of the beryllides of niobium, tantalum, titanium zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, chromium and molybdenum. Since some of the structures found were not previously reported, complete structure determinations had to be done.
Project Hobo : Densities and Velocities Measured on Specimens from Instrument and Shot Holes: Abstracts. Results are given for bulk-density and pulse-velocity measurements performed on specimens of the Project Hobo medium. Test techniques, sample handling, and specimen preparation are described. Values are tabulated in terms of sample origin and geological identity.
Project Hobo : Shear and Compressional Velocity Measurements: Abstract. Three groups of 100 foot holes were drilled vertically downward from the floor of U 12e main tunnel and U 123.03 drift at the Nevada Test Site. Distances between holes in each group varied from 13 to 375 feet. One hole in each group was used a a 'shot hole'; the others for seismometers to records the energy generated in the 'shot hole'. Two types of recordings were made. One for dilatational or longitudinal "P" waves and one for transverse or shear "S" waves. Simultaneous recordings were made on photographic paper and on magnetic belts with a minimum of three "specimen" records at each hole, for each type of recording. The magnetic belts were transcribed to 1/2 inch IRIG tape for computer use. Rock density measurements were also made in the holes. From these data Poisson's Ratio, Bulk Modulus, Rigidity Modulus, and Young's Modulus were computed. Elastic constant values obtained 'in sltu' are much higher than those determined by soils laboratory tests on small rock samples. The data obtained are considered to be of exceptionally high accuracy.

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