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- Steel Spars
- A history of English metal spar construction is presented in this paper. The way in which different spar designs or spar materials influence the aircraft wing loading and aerodynamics is described.
- The Drawing of Experimental Curves
- This report presents a discussion of how to determine the location of a line or surface from experimental data. What we desire to know practically is the number of ordinates required to obtain a certain probable precision in drawing a line or surface.
- Factors of Safety and Indexes of Static Tests
- The physical resistance of passengers in establishing an upper limit to the strength of airplane cells is examined and arguments and experiments are discussed.
- On the stability of oscillations of an airplane wing
- During a flight with a Van Berkel W. B. seaplane it was observed that the wing could perform violent oscillations. A theoretical and experimental investigation led to the conclusion, that in some cases an unstable oscillation of the wing-aileron system under the influence of the elastic and aerodynamic forces is possible without further external causes.
- Autogenous Welding in Airplane Construction
- Autogenous welding is discussed and various methods of testing those welds are presented.
- Government Relations With Air Traffic Companies and Owners of Touring Airplanes
- This report presents a recapitulation of air traffic in France and her colonies as well as a discussion of the subsidies provided by the government.
- Hydrodynamic tests for determining the take-off characteristics of seaplanes
- The resistance of water, even at low speeds, may be such as to render it impossible to take off. For this type of aircraft, it is therefore especially important to determine the take-off characteristics. A new and simple graphical method is given and appears to be the only one for the complete solution of the problem.
- Carburetion in Aviation Engines
- This report tries to solve the problem of supplying the engine cylinders with a mixture of fuel and air in the right ratio to obtain the greatest power from the engine with the least consumption of fuel.
- Magnan Glider M-2
- The construction of the Magnan glider, M-2, is presented which is designed to fly in so-called horizontal winds. Details of the wings, fuselage, tail surfaces, controls, landing gear, characteristics, operation, photographs, and drawings are provided.
- The "Turkey Buzzard" Glider
- The "Turkey Buzzard" is a semi-internally braced monoplane (Fig. 1). The wing is placed above the fuselage for two important aerodynamical reasons: first, because this position minimizes the mutual interference between the wing and the fuselage, and, second, useful lifting surface is utilized with the wing passing over the fuselage instead of through it.
- Aeronautical Record: No. 1 (to June, 1923)
- Memorandum presenting an overview of the development of aeronautical industries and commercial aircraft as well as some of the problems that are resulting from it. Details of the aeronautical budget in various countries, organization of the air service, material exports, and airline operations are provided.
- High Velocity Wind Tunnels: Their Application to Ballistics, Aerodynamics, and Aeronautics
- "The object of this article is to set forth the particular properties of swiftly-moving air, how these affect the installation of a wind tunnel, the experimental results already obtained, the possible applications of such a tunnel, and what can be easily accomplished at the present time" (p. 1).
- Effect of Altitude on Power of Aviation Engines
- "These notes are intended to furnish practical and general data on the effect of altitude on engine power. The effective horsepower of an engine is a function of the mean pressure of the fluid acting on the pistons, of the R.P.M. of the engine and of the mechanical efficiency" (p. 1).
- Voyage of The "Dixmude" Over Northern Africa
- This article presents the difficulties and triumphs of the airship Dixmude in its long distance flight over North Africa as described by one of the occupants.
- Nomogram for Correcting Drag and Angle of Attack of an Airfoil Model in an Air Stream of Finite Diameter
- In experimenting with airfoil models in a wind tunnel, the magnitude of the forces acting on the model is affected by the fact that the air stream in which the model is suspended, has a restricted cross-section. In order to utilize the results for an airplane in an unlimited quantity of air, a correction must be made. The magnitude of this correction was determined by Prandtl by the application of his wing theory.
- Fire prevention on airplanes. Part 2
- This part of the report presents a detailed examination of spark prevention, fire extinguishers, and fuel tank location and design. A continued program of investigations and research is also proposed.
- Speed Limits of Aircraft
- This paper is restricted to the question of attainable speed limits and attacks the problem from different angles. Theoretical limits due to air resistance are presented along with design factors which may affect speed such as wing loads, wing areas, wing section shifting, landing speeds, drag-lift ratios, and power coefficients.
- Recent Progress in the Theoretical Deduction of Airplane Wings
- The designing of an airplane requires an accurate knowledge of the aerodynamic properties of its wings, as expressed in the polar diagram. It is important to continue the theoretical researches on the aerodynamic phenomena of wings, in order to determine by calculation, their fundamental characteristics and to increase and formulate our knowledge in this field.
- Recent Suggestions in Diesel-Engine Construction
- Different methods for increasing the efficiency of diesel engines are presented and some new designs are given.
- Note on a New and Simple Method of Dead Reckoning in Aerial Navigation
- Memorandum presenting a method of calculating the dead reckoning in aerial navigation.
- Some German Gliders of 1920-1923
- Memorandum presenting a review of some of the German gliders produced from 1920-1923. The designs, flight characteristics, and descriptions of successful flights are provided.
- Analysis of flight and wind-tunnel tests on Udet airplanes with reference to spinning characteristics
- This report presents an analysis of results of wind-tunnel tests conducted at the D.V.L. Values were determined for the effectiveness of all the controls at various angles of attack. The autorotation was studied by subjecting the rotating model to an air blast.
- Schütte-Lanz Airship Projects After the War
- The stressing of an airship depends on three nonuniformly distributed forces: air forces; the distribution of acceleration forces; and how the air pressure is distributed on the hull. This report examines the stresses and comes to conclusions on the size of airships.
- Nieuport-Astra Parachute Contest
- Report presenting a description of a parachute design contest. The object of this contest was to obtain a parachute of light weight and small bulk, suitable for airplanes. The primary areas of focus were safety, ability to be installed on airplanes, speed, materials, and behavior of the parachutes in the air.
- Possibility of Profitable Air Traffic Between Lisbon and Rio De Janeiro
- Different aspects of an airship line between Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro are presented. Some of the factors discussed are: the number of passengers, fuel consumption, design, itinerary, airports, flight times, and income.
- On the Definition of the Standard Atmosphere
- "On April 15, 1920, the under Secretary of State for Aeronautics and Aerial Transport decided to adopt as Standard Atmosphere for official airplane tests in France, the atmosphere defined by the following law, known as the Law of the S.T.You.(Technical Section of Aeronautics): From 0 to 11,000 m. - 0=15-0.0065 Z and above 11,000 m. - 0= -56.5 degrees being the temperature in centigrade degrees at altitude Z expressed in meters. For altitude 0 the pressure is 760 mm of mercury. In the magazine "L'Aeronautique" Mr. A. Toussaint has already written at length on the first studies which led to the elaboration of this law. Since that time the results obtained have been confirmed by fuller and more abundant data which have justified the official adoption of the Law of the S.T.Ae" (p. 1).
- The Belgian Aerotechnical Laboratory at Rhode-Saint-Genèse
- This report describes the layout of the laboratory along with the motor and balance for the wind tunnel.
- Air Transport
- Report presenting the development in air transport that has taken place since civil aviation between England and Europe started at the end of August 1919. The primary subjects explored include the character of loads on aircraft, routes operated, results in passengers carried and efficiency of the service, costs of the service, question of subsidies, and probable future developments.
- Calculation of Tubular Radiators of the Automobile Type
- "We propose to show how to calculate the cooling capacity of all radiators through which the air flows in separate streamlets, whether enclosed in actual tubes or not and whatever cross-sectional shape the tubes may have. The first part will give the fundamental principles for calculating velocity of air in the tubes and the heat exchange by radiation, conduction and convection, and show, by examples, the agreement of the calculation with experiments. In the second part, the effect of the dimensions and conditions of operation on the heat exchange will be systematically investigated" (p. 1).
- The Metal Construction of Airplanes - Its Advantages - Its Present State - Its Future
- The use of duralumin by French airplane designers is presented, the results they have obtained, and their hopes for the future.
- Methods of experimentation with models and utilization of results
- The present report treats the subject of testing small models in a wind tunnel and of the methods employed for rendering the results constant, accurate and comparable with one another. Detailed experimental results are given.
- Suggestions for Courses of Instruction in Aviation
- Suggestions are presented for the establishment of lecture courses on aviation. An outline of some courses that have previously been given is provided.
- Experiments on the Resistance of Airplane Wheels and Radiators
- Experiments were made on the resistance of four airplane wheels of different sizes and coverings and two Lamblin radiators. The results show the important influence of the wheel coverings. The closing of a shutter, which was fitted to one of the radiators, considerably lessened the resistance.
- Parachutes for Aircraft
- Report covering some characteristics of parachutes for aircraft. In order to provide the essential data on air resistance, rapidity of opening, shock stresses in opening, etc., for subsequent use, we will first give a few test results.
- Metal Construction Development Part 1: General, Strip Metal Construction - Fuselage
- Memorandum presenting a general overview of aircraft constructed from metal and fuselages constructed from strip metal.
- Tin Soldering of Aluminum and Its Alloys
- A method is presented for soldering aluminum to other metals. The method adopted consists of a galvanic application to the surface of the light-metal parts to be soldered, of a layer of another metal, which, without reacting electrolytically on the aluminum, adheres strongly to the surface to which it is applied, and is, on the other hand, adapted to receive the soft solder. The metal found to meet the criteria best was iron.
- Technical Section of Aeronautics
- The duties of the Technical Section are listed along with facilities for testing. Different categories of tests are discussed and some sample results included.
- Building a Full-Size Glider
- The building and flying of a glider is possible for anyone who can use a few basic tools. This report presents some plans and techniques for building your own glider.
- Researches on ailerons and especially on the test loads to which they should be subjected
- Aileron calculations have hitherto given greatly differing results according to different authors. It seems to be the general opinion that it is only necessary to give the ailerons such dimensions that the airplane can maneuver well, that the stresses they must undergo are relatively small, and that they are strong enough if their framework is of the order of strength as the wings to which they are attached. This article will show that the problem is really quite complex and that it should receive more attention.
- Experiments on Self-Ignition of Liquid Fuels
- This report examines the cause and effect of the energy conversion in airless-injection engines. In order to obtain a criterion for the chosen working method, it takes into consideration the time relations between the individual processes. Observations of the engine alone do not suffice to obtain the necessary basis for a critical analysis of the processes.
- Structural Details of German Gliders
- The structural details such as wings, fuselage, landing gear, and steering organs of German gliders are detailed in this report.
- Calculation of the Pressures on Aircraft Engine Bearings
- For aircraft engines the three principal operating conditions are idling speed, cruising speed, and diving with the engine stopped. In what follows, we will discuss a method which affords a good idea of the course of pressure for the above mentioned operating conditions. The pressures produced in the driving gear are of three kinds; namely, the pressure due to gases, the pressure due to the inertia of the rotating masses, and the pressure due to the inertia of the reciprocating masses.
- Determining the Velocity Distribution in the Boundary Layer of an Airfoil Fitted With a Rotary Cylinder
- In the closer investigation of the results obtained from a wing model with a rotary cylinder mounted in its leading edge (NACA TM's 307 and 354), the velocity distribution in the vicinity of the surface of the model was determined by a hot-wire anemometer. The results confirmed the belief that the rotary cylinder had considerable effect on the air flow, but demonstrated the fact that the direct influence of the cylinder is confined to a very thin layer in immediate proximity to the surface.
- Longitudinal Balancing of Airplanes
- The object of the present communication is to determine the best method for locating the center of lift of an airplane and to provide a method for making corrections. The method employed is very simple, being based on the positions given the elevator during flights at different speeds.
- Approximation method for determining the static stability of a monoplane glider
- The calculations in this paper afford an approximate solution of the static stability. A derivation of the formulas for moment coefficient of a wing, moment coefficient of elevator, and the total moment of the combined wing and elevator and the moment coefficient with reference to the center of gravity are provided.
- Engines and Fuels
- The report considers the effect on engines of the varying types of fuels now in use. Different types of fuels are examined and the influence of physical characteristics are considered.
- Vorticism in Aeronautics
- Since the war there has been a considerable advance in knowledge on the subject of the airfoil and its behavior. The theory is now sufficiently advanced to make it possible to predict and to calculate certain results which previously could only be attained by direct experiment. The vortex theory receives special attention.
- The Balance of Moments and the Static Longitudinal Stability of Airplanes
- A nomogram is developed which renders it possible by drawing a few lines, to determine: the location of the center of gravity for zero wing and tail moments; the longitudinal dihedral angle; the tail coefficient F(sub h) iota/F(sub t). Moreover there is no difficulty in determining the magnitude of the restoring moment or of the unstable moment.
- "Schneebeli" and "Birger" Silencers
- The Schneebeli silencer is made entirely of soft sheet steel. It is connected with the engine for receiving the exhaust gases, and consists of two parts: the silencer proper and a conical exit. The Birger silencer, made by the Ad Astra Company in Switzerland, is based on the principle of rapid cooling of the exhaust gases.
- Ultra-Light Alloys and Their Utilization on Aircraft
- Memorandum presenting an overview of ultra-light alloys and their potential use on an aircraft. A definition of ultra-light alloys, some of the present possibilities of ultra-light alloys, and some of the principles governing the use of the alloys in aircraft are provided.