Technical Report Archive & Image Library (TRAIL) - 5,157 Matching Results
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- An experimental investigation of the unsteady lift induced on a wing in the downwash field of an oscillating canard control surface
- Report presenting the results of an experimental investigation of the unsteady lift induced on a wing in the downwash field of an oscillating canard control surface. The results indicated that existing theories provide a reliable guide for the estimation of the magnitude of the lift derivatives and centers of pressure at low values of reduced frequency and low angles of attack.
- Estimation of Incremental Pitching Moments Due to Trailing-Edge Flaps on Swept and Triangular Wings
- Report presenting a method by which incremental pitching moments can be estimated for swept and triangular wings with arbitrary types of trailing-edge high-lift flaps. Span-loading theory is combined with two-dimensional airfoil data adjusted for the effects of sweep. Application of the method is demonstrated for 58 cases covering various types of flaps on wings with a wide range of sweep, aspect ratio, and taper ratio.
- Aerodynamic heating of rocket-powered research vehicles at hypersonic speeds
- From Introduction: "The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss skin temperature measurements from two flight tests. Temperature measurements were obtained to a Mach number of 5.4 on the first flight and to a Mach number of 10.4 on the second flight."
- Simplified procedures for estimating flap-control loads at supersonic speeds
- Report presenting an investigation to determine the possibility of using simplified procedures for the estimation of control loads at supersonic speeds. The results indicated that relatively simple procedures are possible for the estimation of loadings on flap-type controls at supersonic speeds for cases when no flow separation occurs ahead of the hinge line.
- Force and Pressure Measurements on Several Canopy-Fuselage Configurations at Transonic Mach Numbers 1.41 and 2.01
- Report presenting an investigation on canopy pressures and canopy-fuselage forces and moments under conditions of combined pitch and sideslip. The canopy configurations tested varied in windshield shape (flat, vee, and round) and were tested at two Mach numbers and Reynolds numbers.
- Component Operating Trends During Acceleration and Deceleration of Two Hypothetical Two-Spool Turbojet Engines
- Memorandum presenting an investigation of the compressor and turbine operating trends during acceleration and deceleration of two hypothetical two-spool turbojet engines. The two engines have the same component performance maps but the arbitrarily specified ratio of outer- to inner-spool moment of inertia for the second engine is 4 times that specified for the first engine. Results regarding the acceleration characteristics and deceleration characteristics are provided.
- Wing Pressure Distributions Over the Lift Range of the Convair XF92A Delta-Wing Airplane at Subsonic and Transonic Speeds
- Report presenting chordwise pressure distributions measured over the left wing of the Convair XF-92A delta-wing airplane to determine the effect of lift on the wing characteristics at subsonic and transonic Mach numbers. Results regarding the chordwise pressure distributions, wing-section aerodynamic characteristics, spanwise distributions, and elevon-section loads are provided.
- Transonic wind-tunnel investigation of the effects of indentation on the wing loads of a 45 degree sweptback wing-body combination
- Report presenting the effects of an angle of incidence of 4 degrees and body indentation on wing loads of a sweptback wing-body combination at a range of Mach numbers. The wing had an aspect ratio of 4, taper ratio of 0.3, 45 degrees of sweepback of the quarter-chord line, and NACA 65A006 airfoil sections parallel to the plane of symmetry. Results regarding the effect of incidence and effect of body indentation are provided.
- Ditching investigation of a 1/25-scale model of a 255,000-pound transport airplane
- "An investigation was made of a 1/25-scale dynamically similar model of a 255,000-pound transport airplane in order to study its behavior when ditched. The model was free-launched from the Langley tank no. 2 monorail carriage into calm water. Various landing attitudes, flap settings, speeds, and configurations were investigated" (p. 1).
- Investigation of some wake vortex characteristics of an inclined ogive-cylinder body at Mach number 1.98
- Report presenting measurements of the pitot-pressure distributions in the flow field, pressure distributions over the body, and downwash distributions through shed vortices for an inclined body of revolution at a free-stream Mach number of 1.98. Results regarding the experimental pressure distributions and vortex positions, vortex strengths computed from experiment, comparisons of theoretical and experimental vortex paths, and comparisons of theoretical and experimental downwash distributions through the body vortices are provided.
- Investigation of Equilibrium Temperatures and Average Laminar Heat-Transfer Coefficients for the Front Half of Swept Circular Cylinders at a Mach Number of 6.9
- Report presenting the average heat-transfer coefficients and equilibrium temperatures for the front half of an isothermal cylinder with a laminar boundary layer as determined by wind tunnel testing at Mach number 6.9 and a range of Reynolds numbers and sweep angles.
- Preliminary performance data of several tail-pipe-cascade-type model thrust reversers
- Report presenting the reverse-thrust performance of several tail-pipe-cascade-type model thrust reversers over a range of exhaust-nozzle pressure ratios from 1.2 to 2.4. Both symmetrical and asymmetrical cascade blade shapes were investigated. Results regarding the performance of tail-pipe-cascade-type model thrust reversers having symmetrically shaped cascade blades and the performance of tail-pipe-cascade-type model thrust reversers having asymmetrically shaped cascade blades are provided.
- Theoretical Investigation of Laminar Heat Transfer on Yawed Infinite Cylinders in Supersonic Flow and a Comparison With Experimental Data
- Report presenting a theoretical method for calculating heat transfer in the laminar boundary layer on yawed infinite cylinders in compressible flow. The method can be applied to a cylinder of arbitrary cross section and arbitrary chordwise wall-temperature distribution. The variation in local heat transfer around the surface of the cylinder was found to have little functional dependence on yaw angle or wall temperature.
- Experimental investigation of a transonic compressor rotor with a 1.5-inch chord length and an aspect ratio of 3.0 2: blade-element performance
- Report presenting a transonic compressor rotor with double-circular-arc blade sections, which were designed and tested to investigate the aerodynamic effects of using a short blade chord and a high aspect ratio. The report presents the blade-element performance and performance analysis.
- Some Effects of Fluid in Pylon-Mounted Tanks on Flutter
- Report presenting fluid-dynamics studies of a tank of fineness ratio 7.0 which was pylon mounted on a simplified two-dimensional flutter model in order to determine the effects of the fluid on flutter. The flutter speed was determined for three cases: with various amounts of water in the tank, with weights with the same mass and moment of inertia as the fluid considered to be a frozen solid, and with weights with the same mass and moment of inertia as the actual fluid. Results regarding the flutter speed, effects of inertia on flutter, and amplitude of flutter are provided.
- The Unsteady Normal-Force Characteristics of Selected NACA Profiles at High Subsonic Mach Numbers
- Report presenting a wind-tunnel investigation at subsonic Mach numbers up to 0.9 to measure the root-mean-square variation of the normal forces on 27 NACA airfoil sections. The effects of thickness-chord ratio, camber, location of minimum pressure, and leading-edge radius were investigated.
- Correlation of Vibratory Root Failures and Stress Distribution in J65 Compressor Blades
- Report presenting an investigation of the stress distribution in the roots of the first three stages of the J6S axial-flow compressor in order to explain root failures experienced in service. Root failures were producible in the lab when high vibratory stresses were combined with simulated centrifugal loads. Results regarding fatigue tests on the original J6S blade roots and on two redesigned blade roots as well as a comparison of the different root designs are provided.
- Collection and summary of flap-type-aileron rolling-effectiveness data at zero lift as determined by rocket-powered model tests at Mach numbers between 0.6 and 1.6
- Report presenting a collection and summary of the wing-aileron rolling-effectiveness data obtained as part of an investigation of lateral control using rocket-powered test vehicles in free flight over a range of Mach numbers. Some effects of trailing-edge angle, aileron-chord ratio, aileron span and location, aspect ratio, wing sweepback, and wing-tail interference are provided.
- Flight Measurements of Horizontal-Tail Loads on the Bell X-5 Research Airplane at a Sweep Angle of 58.7 Degrees
- A flight investigation was made at altitudes of 40,000, 25,000 and 15,000 feet to determine the horizontal-tail loads of the Bell X-5 research airplane at a sweep angle of 58.7 deg over the lift range of the airplane for Mach numbers from 0.61 to 1.00. The horizontal-tail loads were found to be nonlinear with lift throughout the lift ranges tested at all Mach numbers except at a Mach number of 1.00. The balancing tail loads reflected the changes which occur in the wing characteristics with increasing angle of attack. The nonlinearities were, in general, more pronounced at the higher angles of attack near the pitch-up where the balancing tail loads indicate that the wing-fuselage combination becomes unstable.
- Initial Experiments on the Aerodynamic Cooling Associated With Large-Scale Vortical Motions in Supersonic Flow
- Report presenting a theory of reduction of convective heat transfer to a surface in supersonic flow by periodically imposing a large-scale vortical motion on the boundary layer and an experimental investigation of that theory. Results regarding the pulsating flow phenomena, heat-transfer characteristics, and aerodynamic characteristics are provided.
- Effects of Taper Ratio on the Longitudinal Characteristics at Mach Numbers From 0.6 to 1.4 of a Wing-Body-Tail Combination Having an Unswept Wing of Aspect Ratio 3
- Report presenting the results of a wind-tunnel investigation to determine the effects of a variation in wing taper ratio on the longitudinal characteristics of a wing-body combination at a variety of Mach numbers. The wings had an aspect ratio of 3, an unswept midchord line, and an NACA 64A003 profile. Results regarding the lift and pitching-moment characteristics and drag characteristics are provided.
- Removal of secondary-flow accumulations in a two-dimensional turbine nozzle passage by boundary-layer bleed
- Report presenting an investigation of boundary-layer bleed through a slot placed at the juncture of the suction surface and end wall to determine whether bleed in this manner could be used to prevent the local accumulation of boundary-layer fluids due to secondary flows. Results regarding the effect of bleed pressure, effect of bleed-slot height, and effect of slot length and position are provided.
- An experimental investigation of two methods for reducing transonic drag of swept-wing and body combinations
- Report presenting an investigation of a wing swept back 35 degrees in combination with one basic body and three modified bodies at a range of Mach numbers from 0.60 to 1.20. Results regarding force studies and pressure studies are provided. The bodies modified according to the Kuchenmann ring-vortex method resulted in superior aerodynamic characteristics except with regard to zero-lift drag at high supersonic Mach numbers.
- Experimental Flutter Results for Cantilever-Wing Models at Mach Numbers Up to 3.0
- Report presenting experimental flutter testing at Mach numbers up to 3.0 using cantilever-wing models with 0 to 60 degree sweepback and 60 degree delta-wing models. The main variables explored were the high Mach number and center-of-gravity location on flutter trends. The theoretical results for flutter analyses were noted to be lower than the experimental results.
- Tests of Aerodynamically Heated Multiweb Wing Structures in a Free Jet at Mach Number 2: Two Aluminum-Alloy Models of 20-Inch Chord With 0.064- and 0.081-Inch-Thick Skin
- Report presenting testing of two 2024-T3 aluminum-alloy multiweb wing structures (MW-2 and MW-3), similar to airplane or missile wings, at a Mach number of 2 under simulated supersonic flight conditions. Results regarding experimentally determined test conditions, model temperatures, strain-gage results, and model failures are provided. The report indicates that much of the stress data does not agree with expected results, but there is too much uncertainty regarding the reduction of strain data that no conclusions can be made concerning the results.
- A special method for finding body distortions that reduce the wave drag of wing and body combinations at supersonic speeds
- Report presenting a consideration of the problem of shaping an adjoining fuselage for a given wing and supersonic Mach number so that the combination will have a low wave drag. Only fuselages that can be simulated by singularities distributed along the body axis are studied.
- A preliminary investigation of static-pressure changes associated with combustion of aluminum borohydride in a supersonic wind tunnel
- Report presenting static-pressure changes resulting from steady combustion of aluminum borohydride in a supersonic wind tunnel. Static pressures were measured along the top wall of a tunnel adjacent to the flame that filled the upper portion of the test section. Results regarding the static-pressure increases, effect of change in fuel-injection rate, and effect of tunnel boundary layer on the character of the heat-addition region are provided.
- Lift, drag, and static longitudinal stability characteristics of four airplane-like configurations at Mach numbers from 3.00 to 6.28
- Report presenting lift, drag, and pitching-moment coefficients, lift-drag ratios, and center-of-pressure positions for four airplane-like configurations determined from tests at a range of Mach numbers and angles of attack. The wings and nose shapes were modified for each of the configurations.
- High-Speed Cascade Tests of a Blade Section Designed for Typical Hub Conditions of High-Flow Transonic Rotors
- Report discussing high-speed cascade tests made of a blade section designed for conditions typical of the hub section of high-flow transonic rotors. The intent of the testing is to provide information on the effects of local surface Mach numbers on blade performance. The test results, effect of more forward location on peak surface velocities, effect of increase in pressure-rise coefficient, effect of Mach number and pressure rise on turning angle, and a comparison of variation in momentum-loss coefficient with surface pressure-rise coefficient are provided.
- Performance of Inconel 550 Turbine Blades in a Turbojet Engine and Effects of Different Forging Temperatures and Heat Treatments
- Report presenting an investigation to determine the effects of forging at 1950 degrees and 2150 degrees Fahrenheit as well as the effects of several heat treatments on the performance of Inconel 550 in a turbojet engine. Differences in engine performance of the different turbine blades could not be associated with consistent differences in microstructure or grain size. Results regarding blade performance, blade elongation during engine operation, microstructure of as-heat-treated blades, grain size, metallurgical studies of failed blades, stress-rupture tests, and hardness are provided.
- Lateral Stability and Control Measurements of a Fighter-Type Airplane With a Low-Aspect-Ratio Unswept Wing and a Tee-Tail
- Report presenting an investigation of the lateral stability and control effectiveness of a model of a fighter-type airplane model with a low-aspect-ratio and 3.4-percent-thick wing with negative dihedral at a range of Mach numbers, sideslip angles, and angles of attack. Results regarding the lateral characteristics at zero angle of attack, lifting conditions, and lateral and directional controls are provided.
- Drag and rolling-moment effectiveness of trailing-edge spoilers at Mach numbers 2.2 and 5.0
- Report presenting free-flight measurements of the rolling effectiveness and drag of trailing-edge spoilers on low-aspect-ratio wings with both laminar and turbulent boundary layers at two different Mach numbers. The effect of a spoiler deflected from the surface of a wing is to cause boundary-layer separation upstream.
- Flight Measurements of the Lateral Response Characteristics of the Convair XF-92A Delta-Wing Airplane
- Memorandum presenting rudder pulse maneuvers obtained with the Convair XF-92A delta-wing research airplane at an altitude of about 30,000 feet over a Mach number range of 0.52 to 0.92. Tests were made with and without a wing fence. By analyzing the maneuvers, the characteristics of the airplane transient, airplane stability derivatives, and frequency-response characteristics were measured.
- Distribution of losses behind a compressor rotor as measured by a rotating rake
- Report presenting a rotating total-pressure survey rake to obtain wake measurements of a compressor rotor. Results indicated that there was a considerable radial flow of the inboard-blade boundary layer and little radial flow of the inner casing boundary layer. Results regarding the variation in total-pressure-loss distribution with Mach number, variation in total-pressure-loss distribution with angle of attack, contour plots, spanwise variation in total-pressure-loss coefficient, variation of low-speed momentum loss coefficient withe angle of attack, and variation of momentum-loss coefficient with Mach number are provided.
- Investigation of a high-pressure-ratio eight-stage axial-flow research compressor with two transonic inlet stages 6: over-all performance, rotating stall, and blade vibration at low and intermediate compressor speeds
- Report presenting an investigation to determine the overall performance of the modified eight-stage axial-flow compressor with new fourth-stage stator blades as part of a study of the problems encountered in a high-pressure-ratio axial-flow compressor with transonic inlet stages. The performance of the compressor was determined over a range of weight flows at equivalent speeds from 30 to 100 percent of design speed.
- Longitudinal Characteristics at Transonic and Supersonic Speeds of a Rocket-Propelled Airplane Model Having a 60-Degree Delta Wing and Low Swept Horizontal Tail
- Report presenting measurements of the longitudinal stability, lift, and drag characteristics of an airplane configuration with a 60 degree delta wing and a swept horizontal tail mounted near the wing plane extended at a range of Mach numbers using the rocket-model technique. Comparisons are made to data form a similar model with the tail mounted above the wing plane.
- Transonic wind-tunnel investigation of the effects of external stores and store position on the aerodynamic characteristics of a 1/16-scale model of the Douglas D-558-II research airplane
- Report presenting an investigation in the transonic tunnel to determine the effects of adding external, pylon-suspended stores to a model of the Douglas D-558-II research airplane. Tests were made for two spanwise store locations and covered a range of angles of attack and Mach numbers. Results regarding the drag, lift, and pitching-moment characteristics are provided.
- Free-flight investigation to obtain drag-at-lift and stability data for a 60 degree delta-wing-body configuration over a Mach number range of 1.3 to 1.6
- Report presenting flight tests using a rocket-propelled 60 degree delta-wing body configuration, which included a NACA 0003-63 wing airfoil section. Drag at lift and stability data were obtained for a range of Mach numbers.
- Flight measurements of directional stability to a Mach number of 1.48 for an airplane tested with three different vertical tail configurations
- Report presenting flight tests to measure the directional stability of a fighter-type airplane over a range of Mach numbers. Testing occurred at two altitudes and used three vertical tails of varying aspect ratio or area.
- Effect of inlet-air-flow-distortions on steady-state performance of J65-B-3 turbojet engine
- The effects of inlet-air-flow distortions on the performance of the J65-B-3 turbojet engine were determined over a range of altitudes from 15,000 to 50,000 feet at a flight Mach number of 0.8. Radial inlet-air-flow distortions apparently do not affect the radial distribution of pressure after the first few compressor stages, while the circumferential inlet-air-flow distortion carried completely through the engine. For the distortions investigated, at rated exhaust-gas temperature and fixed-area exhaust-nozzle operation, the primary effect of the radial inlet-air-flow distortions was to reduce the engine air flow, and the primary effect of the circumferential distortion was to impose a temperature profile on the turbine, both resulting in reduction of thrust.
- The effect of inlet installation on the zero-lift drag of a 60 degree delta-wing-body configuration from flight tests at Mach numbers from 0.8 to 1.86
- Report presenting zero-lift drag results for two 60 degree delta-wing configurations with air inlets. One had twin conical-shock semi-circular scoops just ahead of the wing-body juncture and one had a modified wing section over the inboard portion to allow installation of modified triangular inlets in the wing leading edge. Results regarding the drag coefficients and mass-flow ratios are provided.
- Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics at Transonic Speeds of a Complete Model With an Unswept Wing and a Sweptback Horizontal Tail at Two Vertical Locations
- Memorandum presenting an investigation to determine the static longitudinal stability contribution of a horizontal tail at two vertical locations behind a 4-percent-thick unswept-wing-fuselage combination at transonic speeds. The model used in tests is comprised of an unswept wing located in the midwing position on a body of revolution and a sweptback horizontal tail mounted on a vertical tail.
- Some design implications of the effects of aerodynamic heating
- Report presenting an examination of creep and thermal buckling in order to determine their effect on the design of structures for high-speed aircraft. Consideration is given to the use of insulation as a means of alleviating the effect of aerodynamic heating. Creep did not appear to be a significant factor, but thermal buckling may have a substantial effect on the structural design.
- Analysis of Low-Temperature Nuclear-Powered Ram-Jet Missile for High Altitudes
- Report presenting the gross weight and uranium investment of nuclear-powered, direct-air, shieldless, ram-jet missiles for a range of altitudes and Mach numbers. Results regarding the effect of reactor operating conditions and flight conditions on ramjet performance and effect of assumptions on ramjet performance are provided.
- A variable-geometry axisymmetric supersonic inlet with telescoping centerbody
- Report presenting an examination of the use of an axisymmetric variable-geometry technique for achieving good supersonic inlet performance over a wide range of Mach numbers. An inlet with a telescoping spike was designed and experimentally evaluated. Results regarding the spike survey study and variable-geometry-inlet study are provided.
- Performance of a short combustor at high altitudes using hydrogen fuel
- Performance characteristics of a 16-inch annular-type combustor installed in a full-scale engine using gaseous-hydrogen fuel were obtained at simulated altitudes from 66,000 to 86,000 feet at a flight Mach number of 0.8. Combustion efficiencies of 86 percent were obtained at 86,000 feet (combustor pressure, 420 lb/sq ft abs). Combustor blowout was not encountered during the investigation.
- Some Effects of Sweep and Aspect Ratio on the Transonic Flutter Characteristics of a Series of Thin Cantilever Wings Having a Taper Ratio of 0.6
- Report presenting an investigation of the flutter characteristics of a series of thin cantilever wings with taper ratios of 0.6 for a range of Mach numbers. Results regarding flutter frequencies, time histories, effects of sweep on the flutter-speed ratio, effects of aspect ratio on the flutter-speed ratio, effects of additional models on the reference flutter speed, application of the flutter-speed ratio, and modified experimental flutter-speed coefficient are provided.
- Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Static Longitudinal and Lateral Stability of the Bell X-1A at Supersonic Speeds
- "An investigation to determine the static longitudinal and lateral stability characteristics of a 1/62-scale model of the Bell X-1A has been conducted in the Langley 9-inch supersonic tunnel. tests were made at Mach numbers of 1.62, 1.94, 2.22, 2.40, and 2.62 on the wing-body, wing-body-vertical-tail, and complete configurations. Data are presented for both the body and stability axes. Detailed analysis of the test results is omitted" (p. 1).
- Lift, drag, and longitudinal stability at Mach numbers from 1.4 to 2.3 of a rocket-powered model having a 52.5 degree sweptback wing of aspect ratio 3 and inline tail surfaces
- Report presenting an investigation of a configuration with a body of fineness ratio 16.9, a 52.5 degree sweptback wing of aspect ratio 3, taper ratio 0.2, and NACA 65A004 airfoil section, and an incline tail which was aeropulsed continuously in pitching during free flight with and without a sustainer rocket motor operating. The Mach number range covered was from 1.4 to 2.3. Results regarding drag, total normal force and pitching moment, wing normal-force-curve slope, flow conditions at the horizontal tail, and cross coupling are provided.
- Interaction of a Jet and Flat Plate Located in an Airstream
- Report presenting an evaluation of the interaction between a flat plate and a nearby jet issuing from a convergent nozzle over a range of pressure ratios and free-stream Mach numbers. The effect on the interaction of the presence of streamline, blunt-base, and curved-base fairings between the plate and parabolic afterbody housing the exit nozzle was also investigated.