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Limits of Inflammability of Gases and Vapors
From Definitions: "It is the object of this paper to present the results of a critical review of all figures published on the limits of inflammability of combustible gases and vapors when in admixture with air, oxygen, or other "atmosphere." Suspended dusts and liquid mists are not considered."
Gold Mining and Milling in the United States and Canada: Current Practices and Costs
Introduction Object and Scope of Paper: "This paper attempts to assemble and discuss briefly in one volume a number of subjects relating to the mining of gold, particularly from lode deposits, in the United States and Canada."
Clinker Formation as Related to the Fusibility of Coal Ash
From Introduction Arrangement of Report: "The results of this investigation are presented in two main divisions. The first part covers the chemical and physical tests on average samples of the coals used-chemical analysis, float-and-sink tests to determine distribution of the ash, determination of the forms of sulphur, chemical analyses of the ash, and ash-fusabilibity determinations. The second part covers the clinkering studies and the comparisons of the results with the ash-fusibilty and other tests."
Laboratory Testing of the Inflammability of Coal and other Dusts Conducted by the Bureau of Mines
From Introduction: "This paper endeavors to collect and describe all of the work in proper order, as briefly as is consistent with a good understanding thereof, and attempts to evaluate it in the light of present-day knowledge derived from large and small scale experiments in the United States and foreign countries."
Quarry Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1930
Report published by the U.S. Bureau of Mines which is a compilation of accidents in quarries located in the United States with data regarding the number and kinds of accidents as well as information about the mining operations (e.g., number of men employed, kinds of quarries, amount of work performed, etc.).
Metal-Mine Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1931
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines covering accidents that happened in metal mines located in the United States including statistics for injuries, fatalities, kinds and causes of accidents, and operational data, such as number of mine workers and shifts worked.
Quarry Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1932
Report published by the U.S. Bureau of Mines which is a compilation of accidents in quarries located in the United States with data regarding the number and kinds of accidents as well as information about the mining operations (e.g., number of men employed, kinds of quarries, amount of work performed, etc.).
Metal-Mine Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1932
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines covering accidents that happened in metal mines located in the United States including statistics for injuries, fatalities, kinds and causes of accidents, and operational data, such as number of mine workers and shifts worked.
Underfeed Combustion, Effect of Preheat, and Distribution of Ash in Fuel Beds
From Introduction: "This report covers studies of the underfeed-type fuel bed-exemplified by underfeed stokers-and of the effect of preheated air on what transpires in both overfeed and underfeed fuel beds."
Laboratory Studies of the Inflammability of Coal Dusts: Effect of Fineness of Coal and Inert Dusts on the Inflammability of Coal Dusts
From Introduction: "The work reported in this paper is part of a program of laboratory studies of inflammability of coal dusts started before the Bureau of Mines became a separate organization in 1910."
Microscopic Structure and Concentratability of the Important Iron Ores of the United States
Outline of Problem: "This paper covers a survey of 19 ores collected from seven of the more important iron-ore districts of the United States and is a contribution by the ore-dressing section of the United States Bureau of Mines to general research program on iron and steel being conducted by the Bureau."
Concentration of Copper Ores in North America
From Introduction: "This bulletin summarizes and discusses copper-concentrator methods, results, and costs from 1929 to 1931 and includes an account of trends and developments in the industry."
Contributions to the Data on Theoretical Metallurgy: [Part] 2. High-Temperature Specific-Heat Equations for Inorganic Substances
From introduction: "The present work reviews the available high-temperature thermal data on inorganic compounds and gives representative specific-heat equations valid at high temperatures for use in thermodynamic calculations."
Coal-Mine Accidents in the United States: 1931
Report compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines including statistics on fatal and non-fatal accidents in coal mines located in the United States as well as data regarding the various operations (e.g., number of miners employed and average production). The information is organized into tables for comparison and the text draws some overall conclusions in the summary.
Contributions to the Data on Theoretical Metallurgy: [Part] 5. Heats of Fusion of Inorganic Substances
From Introduction: "Examples of the use of the derived heat-of-fusion values in the application of thermodynamics to problems concerning metallurgical practice are not given here, but the reader is referred to the textbook of Lewis and Randall (454), in which the methods and types of calculations are adequately portrayed, and to the papers of Maier (469, 470, 471), in which the application of thermodynamic methods to various problems of metallurgical interest has been illustrated and discussed."
Contributions to the Data on Theoretical Metallurgy: [Part] 6. A Revision of the Entropies of Inorganic Substances--1935
From Introduction: "Moreover, a critical study of the existing vapor-pressure data made by the author (98) furnishes entropy of vaporization results suitable for obtaining approximate values of the entropies of a number of gases from the entropies of the solids or liquids. Consequently, it appears worth while at the present time to supplement the former publication, giving the new values now obtainable and making such revision in the older values as the data warrant."
Occurrence, Properties, and Preparation of Limestone and Chalk for Whiting
From Introduction: "To encourage the domestic industry, the Bureau of Mines in 1931 undertook a study of the preparation of whiting from American raw materials and a comparison of the finished products with European whitings."
Removal of Soot from Furnaces and Flues by the Use of Salts or Compounds
From Objects of Investigation: "The main object of the investigation covered by this report was to determine whether there was truth in the popular belief and whether the compounds sold accomplished any part of what the makers claimed."
Heat Transfer From a Gas Stream to a Bed of Broken Solids
From Introduction: "This study of heat transfer is part of an extensive program of research of the iron blast furnace which the Bureau of Mines is conducting in the laboratory and in the field."
Metal-Mine Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1930
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines covering accidents that happened in metal mines located in the United States including statistics for injuries, fatalities, kinds and causes of accidents, and operational data, such as number of mine workers and shifts worked.
Permissible Coal-Cutting Equipment Approved Prior to July 1, 1932
From Schedules, Approvals, and Approval Plates: " This schedule has been revised from time to time to conform with information gained from testing a large variety of equipment and to bring the requirements in line with new developments in the art. As the approval plate on a machine evidences compliance with the safety requirements established by the Bureau the user, in fairness to the Bureau and the manufacturer, should not operate such a machine if it has been changed from the design approved without authority or if it has become unsafe through neglect or accident. The machine should be in proper condition, or the approval plate should be removed and destroyed."
Contributions to the Data on Theoretical Metallurgy: [Part] 3. The Free Energies of Vaporization and Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Substances
From Introduction: "It is the purpose of this present work (1) to apply the previously compiled entropy values and specific-heat equations to vapor-pressure and other pertinent data in obtaining heat and free energy of vaporization equations for inorganic substances valid up to the normal boiling or sublimation points (760 mm pressure), (2) to supplement wherever possible the data on heats and entropies of transformations and fusions, (3) to supplement wherever possible the data on heats and entropies of gases, and (4) to supply tables of vapor pressures for inorganic substances at various temperatures up to and including the boiling or sublimation point."
Contributions to the Data on Theoretical Metallurgy: [Part] 4. Metal Carbonates--Correlations ans Applications of Thermodynamic Properties
From Introduction: "This publication proposes to assemble existing thermodynamic data for carbonates and to correlate so far as possible the results of decomposition-pressure determinations with the calorimetrically determined heats of formation and entropy values on the one hand and with solubility and standard electrode-potential data on the other."
Engineering Factors in the Ventilation of Metal Mines
From Introduction Purpose and Scope of Report: "In the belief that the quickest and cheapest method of obtaining effective ventilation of metal mines with regard to air conditions that promote efficiency, health, and safety is through more general application of the engineering factors involved rather than by trial and error and this method of attacking ventilation problems will be facilitated by a simple, concise statement of these factors and the methods of using them, an attempt is made in this bulletin to present the subject of metal-mine ventilation to mine operators in a practical way."
Static Electricity in Nature and Industry
From Introduction: "In this bulletin "static electricity" is used in its commonly accepted meaning to include the various manifestations that result from the coming together or neutralization of positive and negative charges with have been separated by friction between unlike substances or otherwise. Although the scope of the this report is rather broad, it deals primarily with static electricity as a hazard. Casual and experimental observations recorded herein are thus given for a background and for the purpose of suggesting hazards not yet recognized."
Petroleum Refinery Statistics: 1930
From Summary: "The year 1930 marked a turning point in record-breaking performances for refining industry. From the time of the first refinery statistics of the Bureau of Mines in 1916 through 1929 the utilization of crude at refineries and the production of the principal product (motor fuel) has increased steadily. In 1930, however, the depressed conditions had a noticeable effect on motor-fuel consumption, which only increased 5 per cent over that in 1929, compared with an average annual increase for the preceding decade of 16 per cent.
Explosion Tests of Pittsburgh Coal Dust in the Experimental Mine, 1925 to 1932, Inclusive
From Introduction and Summary: "The first of these was Bulletin 353, dealing with the tests of rock-dust barriers; the second is the present paper, which reports tests made to determine the effect on the explosibility of Pittsburgh coal dust of altering conditions under which the tests were made; the third, dealing with tests of dust prepared from approximately 20 coals taken from beds in mines in different parts of the United States, will follow after the completion of testing in progress at the time of writing."
Iron Oxide Mineral Pigments of the United States
From Summary: "This report reviews the occurrence of mineral pigments and allied iron ores and the nomenclature and common methods of classifying and testing many commercial mineral pigments used in this country."
Applied Methods and Equipment for Reducing Evaporation Losses of Petroleum and Gasoline
From Scope of Report: "The subject matter in this bulletin is divided as follows: Theory of evaporation; methods of determining evaporation losses; lease operation; transportation and storage of crude petroleum; and evaporation losses of gasoline at the refineries."
Coal-Mine Accidents in the United States, 1932
Report compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines including statistics on fatal and non-fatal accidents in coal mines located in the United States as well as data regarding the various operations (e.g., number of miners employed and average production). The information is organized into tables for comparison and the text draws some overall conclusions in the summary.
Lead and Zinc Mining and Milling in the United States: Current Practices and Costs
From Object and Scope of Bulletin: "The purpose of this paper to combine in a single volume discussions of the winning of lead and zinc ores from the mines and of the milling of the ores with descriptions of practices at typical properties in the United States."
Quarry Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1933
Report published by the U.S. Bureau of Mines which is a compilation of accidents in quarries located in the United States with data regarding the number and kinds of accidents as well as information about the mining operations (e.g., number of men employed, kinds of quarries, amount of work performed, etc.).
Coal-Mine Accidents in the United States, 1933
Report compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines including statistics on fatal and non-fatal accidents in coal mines located in the United States as well as data regarding the various operations (e.g., number of miners employed and average production). The information is organized into tables for comparison and the text draws some overall conclusions in the summary.
Manufacture of Paraffin Wax from Petroleum
From Introduction: "The primary purpose of this bulletin is to describe the metallurgical treatment and properties of the alloys as developed in research at the laboratories of the Bureau of Mines at Rolla, Mo., and to present a substantial amount of unpublished data."
Metal-Mine Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1928
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines covering accidents that happened in metal mines located in the United States including statistics for injuries, fatalities, kinds and causes of accidents, and operational data, such as number of mine workers and shifts worked.
Gas-Lift Method of Flowing Oil Wells: (California Practice)
From Introduction: "In this report the author has presented data of actual gas-lift operations in the oil fields of California. Wherever theoretical hypotheses and conclusions are given an attempt has been made to support them by field data gathered during consultation with engineers and operators. The impossibility of drawing conclusions that will apply to all wells or even to one well throughout its life is appreciated by everyone who has studied the subject, and the reader is cautioned not to accept all the data presented as being applicable to every well."
Effect of Vacuum on Oil Wells
From Introduction: "Because of the above reasons, because there is a dearth of published information relating to the effect of vacuum oil wells, and because misapplication of vacuum may result in a greatly decreased ultimate recovery of oil, whereas the correct application may have the opposite effect, the Bureau of Mines has authorized this investigation."
Zinc Smelting from a Chemical and Thermodynamic Viewpoint
Report describing a chemical and thermodynamic overview of zinc smelting. The methods described are not new, but the analysis is deeper and more focused than in previous reports.
Coal-Mine Accidents in the United States, 1930
Report compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines including statistics on fatal and non-fatal accidents in coal mines located in the United States as well as data regarding the various operations (e.g., number of miners employed and average production). The information is organized into tables for comparison and the text draws some overall conclusions in the summary.
Shaft-Sinking Practices and Costs
From Introduction: "This paper describing the methods of sinking shafts is one of a series of mining practices and costs being prepared by the United States Bureau of Mines. The best methods of performing all phases of shaft sinking are discussed herein, with particular to the practices at metal mines."
Rubber-Sheathed Trailing Cables
From Introduction: "This paper records activities of the United States Bureau of Mines covering several years and reflects its endeavor to be of service to the coal-mining industry in procuring safer trailing cables for use on permissible machines."
Permissible Electric Cap Lamps and Ventilation in Certain California Mines and Water-Tunnel Construction
From Introduction: "As a result of the recommendations of this committee, special studies have been made of the methane hazards incident to mining and tunneling operations in the Coast Range Mountains. These studies have resulted in the adoption of numerous safety precautionary measures; among them the use of permissible types of mining equipment, electric cap lamps, with which this deals with primarily."
Gases that Occur in Metal Mines
From Conclusions: "Many gases are harmful to man are widely prevalent in metal mines. They influence the safety, health and efficiency of miners; workers and officials should therefore become much more familiar with there occurrence, detection, and handling. The principal means of combating these gases are proper ventilation of all parts of a mine and the adoption of measures to minimize fire hazards and to control a mine fire promptly should it occur."
Liquid-Oxygen Explosives
From Introduction: "The purpose of this bulletin is to examine the advantages and disadvantages of L. O. X., both in the light of experimental investigations by the Bureau of Mines and the results in actual blasting, and to discuss the probable future fields of usefulness for this novel type of explosive."
Paraffin and Congealing-Oil Problems
From Scope of Report: "This report is in two parts-the major or first part is a discussion of the results obtained from field studies of the factors responsible for the deposition of paraffin and the congealing of oil and of practical methods of combating these problems. The second part of the report deals with the analyses of crude waxes or paraffin obtained from different representatives crude oils."
Contributions to the Data on Theoretical Metallurgy: [Part] 1. The Entropies of Inorganic Substances
From Introduction: "The present work is an attempt to collect all the available data referring to one important thermodynamic property and to supply sufficient discussion to make the results readily usable by metallurgists. In the study of chemical or metallurgical reactions two factors have predominant importance-the free energy of reaction and the speed of reaction. The subject of this publication is so closely allied to the former that may be well to consider briefly some of the uses to which free-energy data may be put."
Mining Petroleum by Underground Methods: A study of Methods used in France and Germany and Possible Application to Depleted Oil Fields under American Conditions
From Introduction: "That the percentages of extraction of petroleum from the ground may and undoubtedly will be greatly increased in the future by underground mining methods where natural conditions will permit seems logical. The limitations imposed by depth, temperature, and flow of water under high pressure through the sands will be discussed later."
Safety Practices in California Gold Dredging
From Introduction Purpose of Report: "The importance of safety work in connection with the operations of gold dredges assumed such proportions at one time that the State of California deemed it necessary to issue a special bulletin on this subject."
Tests of Rock-Dust Barriers in the Experimental Mine
From Introduction: "The results summarized above are discussed in appropriate sections of this paper. One section is also devoted to barrier installations in commercial mines and gives the experience and opinion of the authors on the matter. The final sections deal with theoretical considerations involved in barrier operation."
The Ignition of Fire Damp by Explosives: A Study of the Process of Ignition by the Schlieren Method
From Introduction: "The rupture of this paper by the explosion provided by the explosion provided rapid release for the pressure developed. The charge of explosive was placed in the bore of a cannon communicating with the gallery through a central hole in the steel plate. The apparatus is shown in Figures 1 and 2, which are reproduced from Perrott and Gawthrop's paper. In the event of a nonignition the flame from the explosive only was recorded."
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