Memorandum presenting various reports regarding the use of hydrogen for turbojet and ramjet powered flight. Some of the characteristics considered include the combustion properties, potential fueling problems, and flight experience with hydrogen on-board.
Memorandum presenting a seven-part investigation of hydrogen for turbojet and ramjet powered flight. The combustion characteristics of hydrogen, in ramjets and afterburners, and in turbojet engines are described.
This literature digest of hydrogen-air combustion fundamentals presents data on flame temperature, burning velocity, quenching distance, flammability limits, ignition energy, flame stability, detonation, spontaneous ignition, and explosion limits. The data are assessed, recommended values are given, and relations among various combustion properties are discussed. New material presented includes: theoretical treatment of variation in spontaneous ignition lag with temperature, pressure, and composition, based on reaction kinetics of hydrogen-air composition range for 0.01 to 100 atmospheres and initial temperatures of 0 degrees to 1400 degrees k.
Increasing temperature in an aqueous liquid system results in a decrease in liquid density and an increase in vapor density. When level is measured by the differential pressure method, temperature increase results in a decrease in the effective span f the instrument and a shift in zero. When the instrument reference leg is uncompensated, both zero and span shifts occur with the effects being most pronounced at the high levels. When the reference leg is compensated, zero shifts are eliminated (instrument zero is at 100% level for this type installation). For control purposes at levels above 50% of full level, the compensated reference leg installation will give the best results. For measurement of levels below 50%, the uncompensated installation is best. As errors in level indications will be produced, in either type installation, by temperature, pressure and steam withdrawal (power) effects, the placement of taps should be such as to place the normal or control level in the region of 50% indicated level.
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