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Additional design charts relating to the stalling of tapered wings
From Introduction: "The present report, therefore, may be considered a supplement to reference 1. The combined scope of the stall charts of reference 1, designated A, and of the present work, designated B, is summarized in the following table: For the wing with root thickness ratio to 18 was also investigated.
Aerodynamic and Hydrodynamic Tests of a Family of Models of Flying-Boat Hulls Derived From a Streamline Body: NACA Model 84 Series
Report presenting a series of related flying-boat hull forms with various combinations of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic requirements that were tested in an NACA tank and high-speed tunnel. Effects explored included varying the height of the bow, varying the height of the stern, increasing the angle of dead rise at the bow, decreasing the angle of dead rise on the afterbody, increasing the depth of step, increasing the angle of afterbody keel, adding chine flare, adding a third planing surface, and rounded chines at the bow.
Aerodynamic characteristics and flap loads of perforated double split flaps on a rectangular NACA 23012 airfoil
From Introduction: "The results of the load tests and some additional aerodynamic characteristics of perforated double split flaps on a rectangular NACA 23012 airfoil are given in the present report."
Aerodynamic Factors Affecting the Ability of a Pilot to Return an Airplane to Level From a Banked Attitude by Use of the Rudder Alone and Without Change of Heading
Report presenting a study of the aerodynamic factors upon which the ability to perform the maneuver depends in an attempt to obtain a better understanding of the conditions involved and, if possible, to evolve criterions that may be used during design.
Aerodynamic Tests of a Full-Scale TBF-1 Aileron Installation in the Langley 16-Foot High-Speed Tunnel
"This report describes tests in the Langley 16-foot high-speed tunnel to determine whether these failures could be attributed to changes in the aerodynamic characteristics of the ailerons at high speeds" (p. 1).
Air-consumption parameters for automatic mixture control of aircraft engines
From Introduction: "The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the use of function of intake-manifold temperature and pressure, exhaust back pressure, and engine speed in place of a ventri as a means of measuring engine air consumption and to determine if this function is suitable for automatic mixture control."
Airfoil-Contour Modifications Based on (Epsilon)-Curve Method of Calculating Pressure Distribution
From Introduction: "Certain alternations of a qualitative nature may be performed in spite of the fact that a pressure change cannot be prescribed. It is the purpose of this paper to indicate a method by which qualitative alternation may be performed. It will be noted that the present method of contour modification will serve the intended purpose of the inverse method."
Airspeed Fluctuations as a Measure of Atmospheric Turbulence
"Increments in structural loads due to atmospheric turbulence can be accurately expressed in terms of flight speed and effective gust velocities (reference 4). Data from which the effective gust velocities could be computed were also obtained during the flights of the XC-35 airplane. These data have been used to determine the significance of the fluctuations in the pilot's indicated-airspeed readings in relation to structural loads to due to atmospheric turbulence" (p. 3).
Altitude Rating of Electrical Apparatus
"This paper studies the effect of altitude on the ratings of rotating electric machines and after determining the fundamental principles involved, discusses these in relation to the application of such machines in modern aircraft" (p. 1).
Aluminum-Zinc-Magnesium-Copper Casting Alloys
From Introduction: "This paper contains data on the mechanical properties of sand-cast test bars having a considerable range in zinc, magnesium, and copper content and more detailed data on the properties and foundry characteristics of an aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper alloy having a preferred composition for high strength and ductility."
Analysis of a thermal ice-prevention system for wing leading-edge landing-light installations
From Introduction: "A typical ice formation on a wing leading-edge-type light installation is shown in figure 1. Although the primary purpose of this analytic investigation was to determine the practicability of providing a landing-light thermal ice-prevention system which could be incorporated with the wing leading-edge thermal ice-prevention system of the B-17 F airplane, the analysis has been developed in a general form for future application to similar deigns. "
Analysis of Effect of Rolling Pull-Outs on Wing and Aileron Loads of a Fighter Airplane
An analysis was made to determine the effect of rolling pull-out maneuvers on the wing and aileron loads of a typical fighter airplane, the P-47B. The results obtained indicate that higher loads are imposed upon wings and ailerons because of the rolling pull-out maneuver, than would be obtained by application of the loading requirements to which the airplane was designed. An increase of 102 lb or 15 percent of wing weight would be required if the wing were designed for rolling pull-out maneuver. It was also determined that the requirements by which the aileron was originally designed were inadequate.
Analysis of factors affecting net lift increment attainable with trailing-edge split flaps on tailless airplanes
From Introduction: "The lift increments of different flap arrangements were determined by the method of reference 1 with a simple chord correction factor being applied. This procedure is somewhat similar in basic principles to the method of reference 2. The accuracy of the present method was determined by calculating by means of this method the lift and moment increments of flaps on 10 different finite wing-flap combinations for which wind-tunnel data were available."
An analysis of life expectancy of airplane wings in normal cruising flight
From Summary: "The independent variables considered in the analysis included stress-concentration factor, stress-load relation, wing loading, design and cruising speeds, design gust velocity, and airplane size. Several methods for estimating fatigue life from gust frequencies are discussed."
The Analysis of Strains Indicated by Multiple-Strand Resistance-Type Wire Strain Gages Used as Rosettes
"Methods are given for making the necessary corrections to the strains indicated by multiple-strand resistance-type wire strain gages used singly or as rosettes to measure strains at an angle to the principal strain. The results of tests to determine the validity of the methods of correction are reported" (p. 1).
An analysis of the effect of core structure and performance on volume and shape of cross-flow tubular intercoolers
From Introduction: "The purpose of this paper is to show, in a similar manner, the effect of change in the core structure of the tubular intercooler on the over-all dimensions when the operating conditions are fixed."
An analysis of the skipping characteristics of some full-size flying boats
From Introduction: "The purpose of this report is to gather together in one place information on the skipping characteristics of number of flying boats. A graph showing the influence of the hull form on the skipping characteristics is given which should be useful in laying out the proportions of the hull in preliminary design to insure good landing behavior."
Analysis of Wind-Tunnel Stability and Control Tests in Terms of Flying Qualities in Full-Scale Airplanes
From Summary: "The analysis of results of wind-tunnel stability and control tests of powered airplane models in terms of the flying qualities of full-scale airplanes is advocated. In order to indicate the topics upon which comments are considered desirable in the report of a wind-tunnel stability and control investigation and to demonstrate the nature of the suggested analysis, the present NACA flying-qualities requirements are discussed in relation to wind-tunnel tests. General procedures for the estimation of flying qualities from wind-tunnel tests are outlined."
An analytical study of wing and tail loads associated with an elevator deflection
From Introduction: "The present paper covers step 1 of the outlined investigation, includes methods of computing the variation of wing and tail loads, and gives numerical results of the application of the theory to the BT-9B airplane. Finally, theoretical formulas are developed and charts are given for computing the maximum increments of wing load, the down-tail load, and the up-tail load following a given elevator displacement."
Application of a numerical procedure to stress analysis of stringer-reinforced panels
From Introduction: "In the present paper a numerical procedure for the stress analysis of flat-sheet and stringer combinations of arbitrary construction and loading is presented and applied to axially loaded panels and to the reinforced covers of box beams."
The application of data on strength under repeated stresses to the design of aircraft
From Summary: "This report suggests a method whereby information on the strength under repeated stresses of aircraft materials or structural parts can be used in conjunction with information on service loadings as a means of comparing alternative designs."
Application of Spring Tabs to Elevator Controls
Report presenting equations for calculating the stick-force characteristics obtained with a spring-tab type of elevator control. The main problems encountered in the design of the satisfactory elevator spring tab are to provide stick forces in the desired range, to maintain the force per g sufficiently constant throughout the speed range, to avoid undesirable "feel" of the control in ground handling, and to prevent flutter.
Application of the method of least squares to engine-cooling analysis
From Introduction: "The purpose of this report is to show that it is practical to apply a least-squares method to the correlation of engine-cooling data."
Artificial Running-in of Piston Rings
Report presenting a consideration of the performance of sliding surfaces, such as piston rings, cylinders, journals, and bearings in aircraft engines with reference to the surface characteristics that they possess before and after running-in, prior to service operation. The phenomena accompanying the running-in process are analyzed.
Bending and Shear Stresses Developed by the Instantaneous Arrest of the Root of a Cantilever Beam Rotating With Constant Angular Velocity About a Transverse Axis Through the Root
From Summary: "A theoretical investigation was made of the behavior of a cantilever beam in rotational motion about a transverse axis through the root determining the stresses, the deflections, and the accelerations that occur in the beam as a result of the arrest of motion. The equations for bending and shear stress reveal that, at a given percentage of the distance from root to tip and at a given trip velocity, the bending stresses for a particular mode are independent of the length of the beam and the shear stresses vary inversely with the length. When examined with respect to a given angular velocity instead of a given tip velocity, the equations reveal that the bending stress is proportional to the length of the beam whereas the shear stress is independent of the length."
Bending and Shear Stresses Developed by the Instantaneous Arrest of the Root of a Moving Cantilever Beam
Report presenting a theoretical and experimental investigation of the behavior of a cantilever beam in transverse motion when its root is suddenly brought to rest. The results of both types of investigations are compared.
Breaking Aircraft-Engine Oil Foams by Use of Electrically Charged Condenser Plates
Report presenting a determination of the effectiveness of a charged condenser for breaking oil foams and to obtain data on which to base the design of such a device for mounting at the oil-tank inlet of an airplane. Results regarding the condenser-plate area and arrangement, wet-plate design, condenser voltage, oil temperature, water in oil, and some safety considerations are provided.
Calculated effects of full-span slotted and Fowler flaps on longitudinal stability and control characteristics for a typical fighter-type airplane with various tail modifications
Report presenting an analytical study of the influence of full-span slotted and Fowler flaps on the requirements for horizontal tail surfaces. The elevator deflection required to land at three-point attitude, elevator deflection required to stall the airplane at altitude, and permissible center-of-gravity range have been calculated for a fighter-type airplane.
Calculations of Economy of 18-Cylinder Radial Aircraft Engine With Exhaust-Gas Turbine Geared to the Crankshaft at Cruising Speed
Report presenting calculations based on dynamometer test-stand data on an 18-cylinder radial engine made to determine the improvement in fuel consumption that can be obtained by gearing an exhaust-gas turbine to the engine crankshaft in order to increase the engine shaft work.
Calculations of the Performance of a Compression-Ignition Engine-Compressor Turbine Combination 1: Performance of a Highly Supercharged Compression-Ignition Engine
From Summary: "Small high-speed single-cylinder compression-ignition engines were tested to determine their performance characteristics under high supercharging. Calculations were made on the energy available in the exhaust gas of the compression-ignition engines. The maximum power at any given maximum cylinder pressure was obtained when the compression pressure was equal to the maximum cylinder pressure. Constant-pressure combustion was found possible at an engine speed of 2200 rpm."
Calibration of Three Temperature Probes and a Pressure Probe at High Speeds
"Three Franz-type temperature probes and a pitot-static tube for use in supercharger passages have been calibrated in the NACA 24-inch high-speed wind tunnel. These instruments were designed for use in supercharger investigations" (p. 1).
Characteristics of beveled-trailing-edge elevators on a typical pursuit fuselage at altitudes simulating-normal flight and spin conditions
Report presenting lift and elevator hinge-moment characteristics were measured on horizontal tail provided with elevators having three different beveled trailing edges. Results regarding fuselage alone and fuselage interference, lift characteristics of fuselage-tail combination, elevator hinge-moment characteristics, drag, and comparison with data from two-dimensional-flow tests are provided.
Characteristics of plain and balanced elevators on a typical pursuit fuselage at attitudes simulating normal-flight and spin conditions
Report presenting lift and elevator hinge-moment characteristics of a horizontal tail with various plain and balanced elevators and mounted on a typical pursuit fuselage as measured in the 7- by 10-foot wind tunnel at attitudes simulating normal-flight and spin conditions. The lift effectiveness of the elevator was practically independent of the size of the aerodynamic balance. Results regarding the fuselage alone and fuselage interference, lift characteristics of fuselage-tail combinations, lift effectiveness of the tab, elevator hinge moments, parameters, effect of yaw on elevator hinge moments, effect of tab on elevator hinge moments, drag, and comparison with two-dimensional data are provided.
The Characteristics of Two Model Six-Blade Counterrotating Pusher Propellers of Conventional and Improved Aerodynamic Design
Two airfoil plans were used for propeller blades. One is modified Clark Y section designed for structural reliability and the second an NACA 16 airfoil section designed to produce minimum aerodynamic losses. At low air speeds, the propeller designed for aerodynamic effects showed a gain of from 1.5 to 4.0 percent in propulsive efficiency over the conventional type depending on the pitch. Because of the numerous variables involved, the effect of each one on the aerodynamic characteristics of the propellers could not be isolated.
Charts for Calculation of the Critical Compressive Stress for Local Instability of Idealized Web- and T-Stiffened Panels
"Charts are presented for the calculation of the critical compressive stress - the stress at which local instability occurs - for idealized web- and T-stiffened panels, and examples of the use of the charts are given" (p. 1).
Charts for calculation of the critical stress for local instability of columns with I-, Z-, channel and rectangular-tube section
Report presenting charts for the calculation of the critical stress for local instability of columns with I-, Z-, channel-, and rectangular-tube sections. An experimental curve is included for use in taking into account the effect of stresses above the elastic range on 24S-T aluminum alloy elasticity.
Charts for Critical Combinations of Longitudinal and Transverse Direct Stress for Flat Rectangular Plates
Report presenting the use of the energy method to derive interaction equations that define the critical combinations of longitudinal and transverse direct stress for isotropic flat rectangular plates with four different edge conditions. Charts based on the interaction equations are presented for the four cases.
Charts for Determining Jet-Boundary Corrections for Complete Models in 7- by 10-Foot Closed Rectangular Wind Tunnels
Report presenting calculations of numerical values of the jet-boundary corrections to the angle of attack and the induced-drag, rolling-moment, and yawing-moment coefficients for complete airplane or wing models in 7- by 10-foot closed rectangular wind tunnels. The results showed that the wing area was the most important variable, as has usually been assumed in previous calculations. When the corrections were based on wing area, the effect of most of the other variables was negligible.
Charts for the Minimum-Weight Design of 24S-T Aluminum-Alloy Flat Compression Panels With Longitudinal Z-Section Stiffeners
Report presenting design charts for 24S-T aluminum-alloy flat compression panels with longitudinal Z-section stiffeners. It was found that maximum possible structural efficiency with these panels requires closer stiffener spacings than those now in common use.
Charts of Pressure, Density, and Temperature Changes at an Abrupt Increase in Cross-Sectional Area of Flow of Compressible Air
"Equations have been derived for the change in the quantities that define the thermodynamic state of air - pressure, density, and temperature - at an abrupt increase in cross-sectional area of flow of compressible air. Results calculated from these equations are given in a table and are plotted as curves showing the variation of the calculated qualities with the area expansion ratio in terms of the initial Mach number as parameter. Only the subsonic region of flow is considered" (p. 1).
Column and plate compressive strengths of aircraft structural materials: 17S-T aluminum-alloy sheet
From Summary: "Column and plate compressive strengths of 17S-T aluminum-alloy sheet were determined both within and beyond the elastic range from tests of thin-strip columns and from local-instability tests of formed Z- and channel-section columns. These tests are part of an extensive research investigation to provide data on the structural strengths of various aircraft materials. Results are presented in the form of curves and charts that may be used in the design and analysis of aircraft structures."
Column and Plate Compressive Strengths of Aircraft Structural Materials: 24S-T Aluminum-Alloy Sheet
"Column and plate compressive strengths of 24S-T aluminum-alloy sheet were determined both within and beyond the elastic range from tests of thin-strip columns and from local-instability tests of formed Z-end channel-section columns. These tests are the first of a series in an extensive research investigation to provide data on the structural strength of various aircraft materials. The results, which are presented in the form of curves and charts that may be used in the design and analysis of aircraft structures, supersede preliminary results published previously" (p. 1).
Column and Plate Compressive Strengths of Aircraft Structural Materials: Extruded 14S-T Aluminum Alloy
"Column and plate compressive strengths of extruded 14S-T aluminum alloy were determined both within and beyond the elastic range from tests of flat-end H-section columns and from local-instability tests of H-, Z-, and channel-section columns. These tests are part of an extensive research investigation to provide data on the structural strength of various aircraft materials. The results are presented in the form of curves and charts that are suitable for use in the design and analysis of aircraft structures" (p. 1).
Column and plate compressive strengths of aircraft structural materials: extruded 24S-T aluminum alloy
Report presenting column and plate compressive strengths of extruded 24S-T aluminum alloy determined both within and beyond the elastic range from tests of thin-strip columns and local-instability tests of H-, Z-, and channel-section columns. The tests are part of a research investigation to provide data on the structural strength of various aircraft materials. Results regarding compressive stress-strain curves and column and plate compressive strengths are provided.
Column and Plate Compressive Strengths of Aircraft Structural Materials: Extruded 24S-T Aluminum Alloy
Column and plate compressive strengths of extruded 24S-T aluminum alloy were determined both within and beyond the elastic range from tests of thin-strip columns and local-instability tests of H-, Z-,and channel-section columns. These tests are part of an extensive research investigation to provide data on the' structural strength of various aircraft materials. The results are presented in the form of curves and charts that are suitable for use in the design and analysis of aircraft structures.
Column and plate compressive strengths of aircraft structural materials: extruded 75S-T aluminum alloy
Report presenting column and plate compressive strengths of extruded 75S-T aluminum alloy both within and beyond the elastic range from tests of thin-strip columns and local-instability tests of H-, Z-, and channel-section columns. The tests are part of an extensive research investigation to provide data on the structural strength of various aircraft materials. Results regarding compressive stress-strain curves and column and plate compressive strengths are provided.
Column and Plate Compressive Strengths of Aircraft Structural Materials: Extruded R303-T Aluminum Alloy
"Column and plate compressive strengths of extruded R303-T aluminum alloy were determined both within and beyond the elastic range form tests of thin-strip columns and local-instability tests of H-, Z-, and channel-section columns. These tests are part of an extensive research investigation to provide data on the structural strength of various aircraft materials. The results are presented in the form of curves and charts that are suitable for use in the design and analysis of aircraft structures" (p. 1).
Comparative Cooling of Cylinders of Nonuniform Fin Width With Tight-Fitting Baffles and With Baffles That Provide Constant Flow-Path Areas
Report presenting an investigation using tight-fitting baffles on the cooling fins of several modern air-cooled engine cylinders in order to maintain a constant free-flow area from the front to the rear of each interfin air passage. Results regarding the effect of restriction in cooling-air flow paths on cylinder temperature and effect of restrictions in cooling-air flow paths on cooling-air mass flow are provided.
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Wing Flutter Shape on the Critical Flutter Speed
Report presenting a comparison of the results of calculations of the critical flutter speeds of nine uniform rectangular wings without ailerons by two methods: one in which the effect of the wing flutter shape is introduced indirectly by choosing mean values for the wing parameters and one that introduces an additional degree of freedom in the wing-bending flutter mode.
Comparison between calculated and measured loads on wing and horizontal tail in pull-up maneuvers
Report presenting comparisons of measured and calculated loads on the wing and horizontal tail in pull-up maneuvers for six airplanes over a range of weights. Good agreement was obtained between calculated and measured loads under certain circumstances, but the agreement in some cases was only fair, which may be attributed to poor quantitative knowledge of the aerodynamic parameters or to violation of the assumptions on which the method is based.
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