Latest content added for UNT Digital Library Collection: Congressional Research Service Reportshttps://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/collections/CRSR/browse/?sort=date_a&fq=untl_institution:UNTGD&display=brief&fq=str_location_country:Afghanistan2016-03-19T13:57:26-05:00UNT LibrariesThis is a custom feed for browsing UNT Digital Library Collection: Congressional Research Service ReportsAfghanistan: Soviet Invasion and U.S. Response2006-02-24T11:48:33-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8151/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8151/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Soviet Invasion and U.S. Response" title="Afghanistan: Soviet Invasion and U.S. Response" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8151/small/"/></a></p><p>The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has raised a number of serious issues and choices for the United States. The train of events seem likely to have an important influence on overall American foreign policy in the 1980s. Reassessment of Soviet motives and of U.S. roles in the world are already in progress. Emerging American attitudes, in turn, will shape more specific policy decisions on several issues, which this issue brief discusses.</p>Yellow Rain and Related Issues: Implications for the United States2006-06-01T15:12:12-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8829/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8829/"><img alt="Yellow Rain and Related Issues: Implications for the United States" title="Yellow Rain and Related Issues: Implications for the United States" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8829/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States has charged that the Soviet Union is implicated in the use of chemical weapons in Afghanistan and of chemical and toxin weapons, including the toxin known as "Yellow Rain," in Laos and Kampuchea (Cambodia). These charges raise two significant sets of issues: First, issues surrounding the evidence that has been presented to show: (a) that such weapons have been used and (b) that the Soviet Union is implicated in this use. Second, issues connected with the implications of Soviet involvement, if proven, in chemical and toxin warfare.</p>Afghanistan: Connections to Islamic Movements In Central and South Asia and Southern Russia2005-11-18T11:27:10-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7705/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7705/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Connections to Islamic Movements In Central and South Asia and Southern Russia" title="Afghanistan: Connections to Islamic Movements In Central and South Asia and Southern Russia" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7705/small/"/></a></p><p>After several years of relative peace in Central Asia and southern Russia, Islamic extremist movements have become more active in Russia and in Central and South Asia, threatening stability in the region. Although numerous factors might account for the upsurge in activity, several of these movements appear to have connections to the Islamic fundamentalist Taliban regime in Afghanistan. These linkages raise questions about whether the United States, as part of a broader effort to promote peace and stability in the region, should continue to engage the Taliban regime, or strongly confront it. This
report will be updated as events warrant.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns2005-06-11T17:48:23-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1781/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1781/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1781/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Agriculture in Afghanistan and Neighboring Asian Countries2006-06-01T12:55:40-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8621/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8621/"><img alt="Agriculture in Afghanistan and Neighboring Asian Countries" title="Agriculture in Afghanistan and Neighboring Asian Countries" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8621/small/"/></a></p><p>Agriculture (as measured by share of gross domestic product and employment) is a significant economic sector in seven Central and South Asian countries: Afghanistan, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. All of these countries are net food importers. Some have experienced successive years of drought, which has contributed to noticeable declines in agricultural output and the need to increase commodity imports. The United Nations’ World Food Program reports that both Afghanistan and Tajikistan are currently in need of emergency food assistance to cover sizable food deficits. The food outlook in Afghanistan is made uncertain by ongoing military conflict.</p>Afghanistan's Path to Reconstruction: Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress2005-06-12T02:10:50-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3322/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3322/"><img alt="Afghanistan's Path to Reconstruction: Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress" title="Afghanistan's Path to Reconstruction: Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3322/small/"/></a></p><p>Once hostilities end in Afghanistan and the Afghan phase of the war on terrorism starts to wind down, reconstruction efforts will begin in earnest. International attention will likely turn to Afghanistan’s short- and medium-term future, raising questions between the United States and its allies about division of labor, burdensharing, and exit strategies. It is anticipated that Congress will examine reconstruction efforts underway, aid priorities, long-term reconstruction proposals, and the implementation role to be played by the United States.</p>Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State2005-06-12T02:14:25-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3326/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3326/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State" title="Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3326/small/"/></a></p><p>This report provides information on and analysis of the current situation in Afghanistan, taking into consideration the country’s essential characteristics and political developments since about the time of the overthrow of the last Afghan King, Zahir Shah, in 1973, and sketches out four possible scenarios for Afghanistan’s future. Finally, the report identifies and analyzes factors that will influence Afghanistan’s political future, and discusses three policy areas in particular in which actions by the United States could be crucial to the achievement of the U.S. goal of a peaceful, stable, democratic, and terrorist-free Afghanistan. An appendix contains key documents relating to the December 2001 Bonn Agreement, which is the framework for current efforts to create a stable and democratic Afghanistan.</p>Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State2005-06-12T02:16:03-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3327/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3327/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State" title="Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3327/small/"/></a></p><p>This report provides information on and analysis of the current situation in Afghanistan, taking into consideration the country’s essential characteristics and political developments since about the time of the overthrow of the last Afghan King, Zahir Shah, in 1973, and sketches out four possible scenarios for Afghanistan’s future. Finally, the report identifies and analyzes factors that will influence Afghanistan’s political future, and discusses three policy areas in particular in which actions by the United States could be crucial to the achievement of the U.S. goal of a peaceful, stable, democratic, and terrorist-free Afghanistan. An appendix contains key documents relating to the December 2001 Bonn Agreement, which is the framework for current efforts to create a stable and democratic Afghanistan.</p>Afghanistan's Path to Reconstruction: Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress2005-06-12T02:11:38-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3323/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3323/"><img alt="Afghanistan's Path to Reconstruction: Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress" title="Afghanistan's Path to Reconstruction: Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3323/small/"/></a></p><p>Once hostilities end in Afghanistan and the Afghan phase of the war on terrorism starts to wind down, reconstruction efforts will begin in earnest. International attention will likely turn to Afghanistan’s short- and medium-term future, raising questions between the United States and its allies about division of labor, burdensharing, and exit strategies. It is anticipated that Congress will examine reconstruction efforts underway, aid priorities, long-term reconstruction proposals, and the implementation role to be played by the United States.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns2005-06-11T17:49:49-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3080/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3080/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3080/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns2005-06-11T17:51:18-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3081/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3081/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3081/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State2005-06-12T02:18:10-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3328/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3328/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State" title="Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3328/small/"/></a></p><p>This report provides information on and analysis of the current situation in Afghanistan, taking into consideration the country’s essential characteristics and political developments since about the time of the overthrow of the last Afghan King, Zahir Shah, in 1973, and sketches out four possible scenarios for Afghanistan’s future. Finally, the report identifies and analyzes factors that will influence Afghanistan’s political future, and discusses three policy areas in particular in which actions by the United States could be crucial to the achievement of the U.S. goal of a peaceful, stable, democratic, and terrorist-free Afghanistan. An appendix contains key documents relating to the December 2001 Bonn Agreement, which is the framework for current efforts to create a stable and democratic Afghanistan.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns2005-06-11T17:52:57-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3082/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3082/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3082/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy2005-09-20T09:57:21-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7007/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7007/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7007/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy2005-09-20T09:58:29-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7008/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7008/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7008/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan's Path to Reconstruction: Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress2005-06-12T02:12:40-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3324/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3324/"><img alt="Afghanistan's Path to Reconstruction: Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress" title="Afghanistan's Path to Reconstruction: Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3324/small/"/></a></p><p>Although hostilities in Afghanistan have not yet ended and the war on terrorism in Afghanistan continues, relief and reconstruction efforts to assist the people of Afghanistan are well underway. International attention has mostly focused on Afghanistan’s short- and medium-term future. While questions continue between the United States and its allies about division of labor, burdensharing, and exit strategies, Congress continues to examine the assistance progress, aid priorities, long-term reconstruction proposals, and the implementation role to be played by the United States. Furthermore, Congress considers the FY2003 funding for Afghanistan inadequate
and is calling for significantly higher appropriations. A brief overview of the current situation provides a snapshot of the progress to date and the many challenges that lie ahead.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy2005-06-11T17:33:37-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3078/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3078/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3078/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy2005-06-11T17:35:03-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3079/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3079/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3079/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy2005-06-11T17:36:49-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4917/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4917/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4917/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy2005-06-11T17:38:20-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4918/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4918/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4918/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy2005-09-20T09:59:34-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7049/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7049/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7049/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy2005-06-11T17:39:55-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4919/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4919/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4919/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy2005-06-11T17:41:43-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4920/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4920/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4920/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy2005-06-11T17:43:27-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4921/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4921/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4921/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy2005-06-11T17:45:11-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4922/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4922/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4922/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy2005-06-11T17:47:00-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4923/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4923/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4923/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>FY2004 Supplemental Appropriations for Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Global War on Terrorism: Military Operations & Reconstruction Assistance2016-03-19T13:57:26-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc812904/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc812904/"><img alt="FY2004 Supplemental Appropriations for Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Global War on Terrorism: Military Operations & Reconstruction Assistance" title="FY2004 Supplemental Appropriations for Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Global War on Terrorism: Military Operations & Reconstruction Assistance" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc812904/small/"/></a></p><p>None</p>Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy2005-06-12T01:39:48-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6019/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6019/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6019/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>NATO and the European Union2005-06-11T19:19:19-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5920/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5920/"><img alt="NATO and the European Union" title="NATO and the European Union" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5920/small/"/></a></p><p>Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.</p>9/11 Terrorism: Global Economic Costs2016-03-19T13:57:26-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807421/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807421/"><img alt="9/11 Terrorism: Global Economic Costs" title="9/11 Terrorism: Global Economic Costs" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807421/small/"/></a></p><p>This report provides a brief survey of the global economic costs of 9/11.</p>Afghanistan: Narcotics and U.S. Policy2005-06-11T05:30:42-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5843/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5843/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Narcotics and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Narcotics and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5843/small/"/></a></p><p>This report describes the structure and development of the narcotics trade in Afghanistan and explores its relevance to Afghan, U.S., and international security interests, including the 9/11 Commission’s recommendation that the United States make a long term commitment to the stability and security of Afghanistan. The
report provides current statistical information on the opium trade, profiles its various participants, explores alleged narco-terrorist linkages, and reviews the U.S. and international policy response since late 2001. The report also considers current policy debates regarding the role of the U.S. military in future counternarcotics
operations in Afghanistan; planned opium poppy eradication; and funding issues for Congress.</p>Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy2005-12-21T16:03:13-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7837/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7837/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7837/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy2005-06-12T01:41:05-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6020/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6020/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6020/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>NATO and the European Union2005-09-20T10:19:50-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7160/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7160/"><img alt="NATO and the European Union" title="NATO and the European Union" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7160/small/"/></a></p><p>Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.</p>Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy2016-03-19T13:57:26-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821591/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821591/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821591/small/"/></a></p><p>This report discusses post-war governance and security in Afghanistan after more than 22 years of warfare, including a U.S.- led war that brought the current government to power.</p>Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections2005-08-03T12:30:26-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6723/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6723/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections" title="Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6723/small/"/></a></p><p>Presidential elections in Afghanistan were held on October 9, 2004, with heavy turnout and minimal violence. Karzai was declared the winner on November 3, 2004 with about 55% of the vote, and he subsequently named a cabinet incorporating most major factions but stressing qualifications. Parliamentary, provincial, and district
elections were to be held in April-May 2005, but they are now almost certain to be postponed until at least September 2005. See CRS Report RL30588, Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy.</p>Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections2005-08-03T12:30:11-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6722/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6722/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections" title="Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6722/small/"/></a></p><p>Presidential elections in Afghanistan were held on October 9, 2004, with heavy turnout and minimal violence. Karzai was declared the winner on November 3, 2004 with about 55% of the vote. Parliamentary, provincial, and district elections were to be held in April-May 2005, but parliamentary and provincial elections are now to be held September 18, 2005; district elections are put off until 2006. See CRS Report RL30588, Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy.</p>Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy2005-08-16T09:37:55-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6912/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6912/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6912/small/"/></a></p><p>Afghanistan’s stabilization appears to be gathering strength, about three years after the U.S.-led war that brought the current government to power. Successful presidential elections held on October 9, 2004 appear to be accelerating political and economic reconstruction, and the insurgency led by remnants of the former Taliban regime has been diminishing significantly. Since the defeat of the Taliban, Afghanistan no longer serves as a safe base of
operations for Al Qaeda. Remaining obstacles to stability include the continued local authority of militias controlled by regional leaders and growing narcotics trafficking. U.S. stabilization measures focus on strengthening the central government and its security forces. This report discusses U.S. efforts in Afghanistan at length, as well as the efforts of other countries around the world and the costs of U.S. aid to Afghanistan.</p>NATO and the European Union2005-07-26T08:24:34-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6481/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6481/"><img alt="NATO and the European Union" title="NATO and the European Union" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6481/small/"/></a></p><p>Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.</p>Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy2005-08-16T09:41:54-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6914/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6914/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6914/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Narcotics and U.S. Policy2005-09-20T10:34:19-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7171/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7171/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Narcotics and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Narcotics and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7171/small/"/></a></p><p>This report describes the structure and development of the narcotics trade in Afghanistan and explores its relevance to Afghan, U.S., and international security interests, including the 9/11 Commission’s recommendation that the United States make a long term commitment to the stability and security of Afghanistan. The report provides current statistical information on the opium trade, profiles its various participants, explores alleged narco-terrorist linkages, and reviews the U.S. and international policy response since late 2001. The report also considers current policy debates regarding the role of the U.S. military in future counternarcotics operations in Afghanistan; planned opium poppy eradication; and funding issues for Congress.</p>Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy2005-08-16T09:43:53-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6915/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6915/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6915/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections2005-08-03T12:30:41-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6724/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6724/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections" title="Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6724/small/"/></a></p><p>Presidential elections were held on October 9, 2004, with heavy turnout and minimal violence. Karzai won with about 55% of the vote. In a climate of escalating insurgent violence in Afghanistan, parliamentary and provincial elections are to be held on September 18, 2005; district elections are put off until 2006. See CRS Report
RL30588, Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy.</p>Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections2005-09-20T11:09:25-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7229/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7229/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections" title="Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7229/small/"/></a></p><p>Presidential elections were held on October 9, 2004, with heavy turnout and minimal violence. Karzai won with about 55% of the vote. In a climate of escalating insurgent violence in Afghanistan, parliamentary and provincial elections are to be held on September 18, 2005; district elections are put off until 2006. See CRS Report
RL30588, Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy.</p>Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy2005-09-20T09:56:15-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7144/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7144/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7144/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy2005-08-16T09:39:50-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6913/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6913/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6913/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>U.S. Military Operations in the Global War on Terrorism: Afghanistan, Africa, the Philippines, and Colombia2005-10-24T11:17:19-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7518/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7518/"><img alt="U.S. Military Operations in the Global War on Terrorism: Afghanistan, Africa, the Philippines, and Colombia" title="U.S. Military Operations in the Global War on Terrorism: Afghanistan, Africa, the Philippines, and Colombia" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7518/small/"/></a></p><p>None</p>Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy2005-09-20T10:01:05-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7145/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7145/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7145/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>NATO and the European Union2006-02-28T08:53:39-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8362/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8362/"><img alt="NATO and the European Union" title="NATO and the European Union" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8362/small/"/></a></p><p>Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.</p>Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy2006-06-01T12:55:16-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8664/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8664/"><img alt="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" title="Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8664/small/"/></a></p><p>The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.</p>