Congressional Research Service Reports - 434 Matching Results
Search Results
- The Presidential Veto and Congressional Procedure
- This report provides a brief overview of procedures involved in vetoing a bill and the ways Congress can respond to a presidential veto. Presidential vetoes are a rejection of legislation approved by majorities in both houses of Congress. Vetoes and congressional efforts to override them are often the reason for, or a reflection of, conflict between Congress and the President. The threat of a presidential veto can prompt the modification of bills moving through the legislative process. Tabular data are provided on the number of presidential vetoes exercised by each President from George Washington to William Clinton.
- The Presidential Veto and Congressional Procedure
- No Description Available.
- The Presidential Veto and Congressional Procedure
- No Description Available.
- The Presidential Veto and Congressional Procedure
- No Description Available.
- Presidential Vetoes, 1789-Present: A Summary Overview
- This report discusses the veto power vested in the President by Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution. It provides a general overview and a table of presidential vetoes from 1789-2004, listing the coincident Congresses, regular vetoes, pocket vetoes, total vetoes, and vetoes overridden for each president.
- Presidential Vetoes, 1789-Present: A Summary Overview
- No Description Available.
- Presidential Vetoes, 1789-Present: A Summary Overview
- No Description Available.
- Presidential Vetoes of Annual Defense Authorization Bills
- This report briefly discusses the historical precedent of Defense Secretary Ashton B. Carter's recommendation that President Obama veto the conference report on H.R. 1735, the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for FY2016. If Obama were to veto the measure, it would mark the fifth time since 1961 that a president has vetoed that measure.
- The President’s Reorganization Authority: Review and Analysis
- This report addresses three specific issues: (1) the historical basis and use of the President’s reorganization authority; (2) the factors contributing to the lapse of the President’s reorganization authority in 1984,1 and (3) thoughts on the future of reorganization in the executive branch.
- The President's State of the Union Address: Tradition, Function, and Policy Implications
- This report explores the President's State of the Union Address, in which the President reports to Congress on the current conditions of the United States and provides policy proposals for the upcoming legislative year. This report also discusses the State of the Union's considerable evolution over time.
- The President's State of the Union Address: Tradition, Function, and Policy Implications
- This report discusses the State of the Union address, which is a communication between the President and Congress in which the chief executive reports on the current conditions of the United States and provides policy proposals for the upcoming legislative year.
- The President's State of the Union Address: Tradition, Function, and Policy Implications
- This report discusses the State of the Union address, which is a communication between the President and Congress in which the chief executive reports on the current conditions of the United States and provides policy proposals for the upcoming legislative year.
- The President's State of the Union Address: Tradition, Function, and Policy Implications
- This report discusses the State of the Union address, which is a communication between the President and Congress in which the chief executive reports on the current conditions of the United States and provides policy proposals for the upcoming legislative year.
- The President's State of the Union Message: Frequently Asked Questions
- No Description Available.
- Prevailing Wage Requirements and the Emergency Suspension of the Davis-Bacon Act
- No Description Available.
- Proper Scope of Questioning of Supreme Court Nominees: The Current Debate
- No Description Available.
- Proposals to Reform Our Presidential Electoral System: A Survey of the Historical Background and Development of the Electoral College, and a Compilation of Proposals to Reform It, With Pro and Con Analyses
- "This report discusses the present method of electing the President by the Electoral College . . . [and] the various state laws relating to the nomination and election of Presidential electors" (p. iii).
- Recess Appointments: A Legal Overview
- This report provides an overview of the Recess Appointments Clause, exploring its historical application and legal interpretation by the executive branch, the courts, and the Comptroller General. Furthermore, congressional legislation designed to prevent the President's overuse or misuse of the Clause is also explored.
- Recess Appointments: A Legal Overview
- This report provides an overview of the Recess Appointments Clause, exploring its historical application and legal interpretation by the executive branch, the courts, and the Comptroller General. Furthermore, congressional legislation designed to prevent the President's overuse or misuse of the Clause is also explored.
- Recess Appointments: A Legal Overview
- Article II of the Constitution provides that the President “shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and counsels, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for and which shall be established by law.” As a supplement to this authority, the The constitution further provides that “[t]he President shall have the Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.” The Recess Appointments Clause was designed to enable the President to ensure the unfettered operation of the government during periods when the Senate was not in session and therefore unable to perform its advice and consent function.
- Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions
- This report supplies brief answers to some frequently-asked questions regarding recess appointments. These are appointments to high-level policy-making positions in federal departments which are generally confirmed by the Senate. When the Senate is in recess, the President may make a temporary appointment, called a recess appointment, to any such position without Senate approval.
- Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions
- This report supplies brief answers to some frequently asked questions regarding recess appointments. When the Senate is in recess, the President may make a temporary appointment, called a recess appointment, to any such position without Senate approval (Article II, Section 2, Clause 3).
- Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions
- This report supplies brief answers to some frequently asked questions regarding recess appointments. These are appointments to high-level policy-making positions in federal departments which are generally confirmed by the Senate. When the Senate is in recess, the President may make a temporary appointment, called a recess appointment, to any such position without Senate approval.
- Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions
- No Description Available.
- Recess Appointments Made by President Barack Obama
- This report identifies recess appointments by President Obama, from the beginning of his presidency, on January 20, 2009, until June 3, 2013. The report discusses these recess appointments in the context of recess appointment authorities and practices generally, and it provides related statistics
- Recess Appointments Made by President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001- October 31, 2008
- This report identifies recess appointments made by President George W. Bush from the time he took office on January 20, 2001, through October 31, 2008. Basic descriptive statistics regarding these appointments are also provided.
- Recess Appointments of Federal Judges
- No Description Available.
- Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview
- This report provides an overview of the President's veto power, including regular vetoes and pocket vetoes.
- Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview
- This report provides an overview of the President's veto power, including regular vetoes and pocket vetoes.
- Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview
- This report provides an overview on the veto power vested in the President by Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution. The veto power has proven to be an effective tool for the chief executive in his dealings with Congress.
- Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: In Brief
- This report presents information on the process by which Congress can override regular vetoes, the number of vetoes by each President, and the use of vetoes in relation to appropriations acts.
- Resolutions to Censure the President: Procedure and History
- This report summarizes the procedures that may be used to consider resolutions of censure and the history of attempts to censure the President (1st-114th Congresses). It also provides citations to additional reading material on the subject.
- Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act: Legal Requirements for Federal and State Roles in Declarations of an Emergency or a Major Disaster
- No Description Available.
- The Role of the President in Budget Development
- The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 established the executive budget process, which requires the President to prepare and submit a comprehensive federal budget to Congress each year for the fiscal year that begins on October 1. The President sets out his national priorities and proposes policy initiatives in the federal budget submitted to Congress soon after Congress convenes in January. The President's budget submission provides him the opportunity to influence the agenda for the upcoming budget and policy debate in Congress.
- The Role of the President in Budget Development
- No Description Available.
- Russia’s March 2008 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications
- This report discusses the campaign and results of Russia's March 2, 2008, presidential election and implications for Russia and U.S. interests. Popular outgoing President Vladimir Putin endorsed his First Deputy Prime Minister, Dmitriy Medvedev, who easily won an election viewed by some observers as not free and fair.
- Senate Action on U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominations During the Eighth Year of a Presidency
- This report discusses the process by which lower federal court judges are nominated by the President and approved by the Senate during the final year of a presidency. The eighth year of a presidency is significant, in part, because it is the final opportunity for a President to appoint individuals as U.S. circuit and district court judges.
- Senate Executive Business and the Executive Calendar
- The Senate has responsibilities under both Article I (outlining legislative prerogatives) and Article II of the Constitution. As a result, the upper body handles legislative and executive business differently. This report discusses the Senate’s lawmaking responsibilities under Article I; executive business, which consists of treaties and nominations.
- Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Effects, and Process
- This report provides a brief overview of the causes and effects of federal government shutdowns. This report provides a brief overview of the causes and effects of federal government shutdowns. When federal agencies and programs lack appropriated funding, they must cease operations, except in emergency situations. The failure of the President and Congress to reach agreement on funding measures has caused government shutdowns. It is necessary either to enact temporary funding legislation at the close of the fiscal year or to shut down the activities that are not funded at that time.
- Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Effects, and Process
- No Description Available.
- Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Effects, and Process
- No Description Available.
- Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Effects, and Process
- No Description Available.
- Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Effects, and Process
- No Description Available.
- Social Security Financing
- The Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) program, the largest of the social security programs, will not have sufficient resources to meet its benefit payments on time in July 1983. Even if the program were permitted to continue to borrow from the other social security programs, the financial the shortfall would re-emerge in 1984.
- Social Security Reform: Effect on Benefits and the Federal Budget of Plans Proposed by the President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security
- In 2001, President Bush established the President’s Commission to Strengthen Social Security to make recommendations on ways to “modernize and restore fiscal soundness to the Social Security system” in accordance with six principles, one of which mandated the creation of voluntary personal retirement accounts. The Commission proposed three alternative reform models. Under all three proposals, workers could choose to invest in personal accounts and have their traditional Social Security benefits reduced by some amount. Model 1 would make no other changes to the program.
- Social Security: Report of the President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security
- This report describes the Commission’s three reform plans. The first plan would make no other changes to the program. The second plan would slow the growth of Social Security through one major provision that would index initial benefits to prices rather than wages. The third plan would slow future program growth through a variety of measures.
- Speed of Presidential and Senate Actions on Supreme Court Nominations, 1900-2005
- This report provides information on the amount of time taken to act on all Supreme Court nominations occurring between 1900 and the present. It focuses on the actual amounts of time that Presidents and the Senate have taken to act (as opposed to the elapsed time between official points in the process).
- Speed of Presidential and Senate Actions on Supreme Court Nominations, 1900-2005
- No Description Available.
- Speed of Presidential and Senate Actions on Supreme Court Nominations, 1900 - 2009
- This report provides information on the amount of time taken to act on all Supreme Court nominations occurring between 1900 and the present. It focuses on the actual amounts of time that Presidents and the Senate have taken to act (as opposed to the elapsed time between official points in the process). This report focuses on when the Senate became aware of the President's selection (e.g., via a public announcement by the President).
- Speed of Presidential and Senate Actions on Supreme Court Nominations, 1900-2010
- This report provides information on the amount of time taken to act on all Supreme Court nominations occurring between 1900 and 2010. It focuses on the actual amounts of time that Presidents and the Senate have taken to act after learning about vacancies, selections, etc. (as opposed to the elapsed time between official points in the process).