Congressional Research Service Reports - 1,190 Matching Results

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Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy: This report discusses the ongoing congressional interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. Because technology can contribute to economic growth and productivity increases, congressional interest has focused on how to augment private-sector technological development. Legislative activity over the past decade has created a policy for technology development, albeit an ad hoc one. Because of the lack of consensus on the scope and direction of a national policy, Congress has taken an incremental approach aimed at creating new mechanisms to facilitate technological advancement in particular areas and making changes and improvements as necessary.
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy: This report summarizes the debate over government policy on industrial competitiveness and technological advancement and its connection to the U.S. economy. It also discusses congress' approach in the previous years on this topic, and the policy changes that have been implemented in recent years.
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy: There is an on-going interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. Because technology can contribute to economic growth and productivity increases, congressional interest has focused on how to augment private-sector technological development. Legislative activity over the past decade has created a policy for technology development, albeit an ad hoc one. Because of the lack of consensus on the scope and direction of a national policy, Congress has taken an incremental approach aimed at creating new mechanisms to facilitate technological advancement in particular areas and making changes and improvements as necessary
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy: This report summarizes the debate on the government policy regarding industrial competitiveness and technological advancement and its influence on the U.S. economy. It also discusses the steps congress has taken on this topic.
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy: This report summarizes the debate on the government policy regarding industrial competitiveness and technological advancement and its influence on the U.S. economy. It discusses the most recent developments, dives into the background and analysis of the topic, and talks about congress' plans and approach.
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy, August 3, 2006: This report discusses congressional interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. The proper role of the federal government in technology development and the competitiveness of U.S. industry continues to be a topic of congressional debate.
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy, December 3, 2001: This report discusses contribution of technological advancement to economic growth and productivity increases. Because technology can contribute to economic growth and productivity increases, congressional interest has focused on how to augment private-sector technological development.
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy, December 28, 2000: This report discusses contribution of technological advancement to economic growth and productivity increases. Because technology can contribute to economic growth and productivity increases, congressional interest has focused on how to augment private-sector technological development.
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy, July 7, 2006: This report discusses congressional interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. The proper role of the federal government in technology development and the competitiveness of U.S. industry continues to be a topic of congressional debate.
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy, July 12, 2002: This report discusses congressional interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. The proper role of the federal government in technology development and the competitiveness of U.S. industry continues to be a topic of congressional debate.
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy, July 28, 2003: This report discusses congressional interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. The proper role of the federal government in technology development and the competitiveness of U.S. industry continues to be a topic of congressional debate.
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy, March 19, 2003: This report discusses congressional interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. The proper role of the federal government in technology development and the competitiveness of U.S. industry continues to be a topic of congressional debate.
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy, November 19, 2002: This report discusses congressional interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. The proper role of the federal government in technology development and the competitiveness of U.S. industry continues to be a topic of congressional debate.
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy, September 10, 2002: This report discusses congressional interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. The proper role of the federal government in technology development and the competitiveness of U.S. industry continues to be a topic of congressional debate.
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy, September 24, 2003: This report discusses congressional interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. The proper role of the federal government in technology development and the competitiveness of U.S. industry continues to be a topic of congressional debate.
The Industrial Economy of the Pacific Coast States: This report is a study of major wartime and immediate postwar developments in the industrialization of the Pacific Coast States.
Industry Trade Effects Related to NAFTA: This report will look at the broad effect of NAFTA on the U.S. economy and the trade-related effects at the industry level.
Inequality in the Distribution of Income: Trends and International Comparisons: This report examines the distribution of income in the United States, including factors that may help explain it, how it has changed over time, and how it compares with those of other countries.
Inequality in the Distribution of Income: Trends and International Comparisons: This report examines the distribution of income in the United States, including factors that may help explain it, how it has changed over time, and how it compares with those of other countries.
Influenza Antiviral Drugs and Patent Law Issues: This report identifies and analyzes the patent law aspects of the avian influenza drug situation.
Influenza Vaccine Shortages and Implications: No Description Available.
Insurance Guaranty Funds: This report describes generally how state-based insurance guaranty funds operate currently. It also compares the extant insurance system to protections offered bank depositors, potential and current pensioners, and credit union participants.
Insurance Regulation and Competition: Background and Issues: No Description Available.
Insurance Regulation and Competition: Background and Issues: No Description Available.
Insurance Regulation and Competition: Background and Issues: No Description Available.
Insurance Regulation: Background and Issues: No Description Available.
Insurance Regulation: Background and Issues: No Description Available.
Insurance Regulation: Background and Issues: No Description Available.
Insurance Regulation in the United States and Abroad: This report will first give a statistical overview of various countries and then present a summary of U.S. insurance regulatory structure. This report also provides summaries of the systems in Canada, Australia, and Japan.
Insurance Regulation: International Developments: This report provides an overview of the international developments of the insurance regulation.
Insurance Regulation: Major Interest Groups: This report is intended to assist in understanding the issues inherent in creating a federal system of insurance regulation by providing some insight into the interests of organizations most involved in the issue.
Intercarrier Compensation: One Component of Telecom Reform: No Description Available.
Interest Rates Causes and Effects: This report describes about market and policy forces that describe the general level of interest rates and some rules that generally applicable to any economic environment.
The International Brotherhood of Teamsters: an Historical and Bibliography Review: This report investigates the International Brotherhood of Teamster, the largest trade union at that time, along with a bibliographic essay to look over some materials involved with dealing with the Teamsters.
International Corporate Tax Rate Comparisons and Policy Implications: This report focuses on the global issues relating to tax rate differentials between the United States and other countries. It provides tax rate comparisons; discusses policy implications, including the effect of a corporate rate cut on revenue, output, and national welfare; and discusses the outlook for and consequences of a revenue neutral corporate tax reform.
International Corporate Tax Rate Comparisons and Policy Implications: This report focuses on the global issues relating to tax rate differentials between the United States and other countries. It provides tax rate comparisons; discusses policy implications, including the effect of a corporate rate cut on revenue, output, and national welfare; and discusses the outlook for and consequences of a revenue neutral corporate tax reform.
International Efforts to Control the Spread of Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus: Affected Countries' Responses: This report examines the efforts of overseas governments to combat the spread of avian influenza H5N1 which first appeared in birds and humans in Hong Kong in 1997, causing 100 reported human deaths from Vietnam to Turkey and appearing in birds in Africa and Europe.
International Financial Institutions and Population Programs: A Survey of Current Activity: This report examines the population or family planning activities financed by the international financial institutions (IFIs), based on a survey of their activities.
International Monetary Fund: Organization, Functions, and Role in the International Economy: This report supports congressional oversight of the IMF by providing an understanding of its organization, functions, and role in the world economy.
International Tax Provisions of the American Competitiveness and Corporate Accountability Act (H.R. 5095): No Description Available.
The International Wine Market: Description and Selected Issues: This report discusses the global trade in wine, which has increased rapidly during the past 25 years, steadily rising from under $1 billion in 1977 to over $7 billion in 2001. Reports of health benefits and rising global incomes have spurred increasing demand for wine, particularly in mid- to upper-income countries. In 2001, the United States was the world’s leading importer, just ahead of the European Union (EU). Together, they accounted for over 60% of global imports.
The International Wine Market: Description and Selected Issues: This report discusses global trade in wine, which has Several important issues have emerged in recent years with respect to international wine trade, particularly between the EU and non-EU countries, including oenological (wine-making) practices and the use of “semi-generic” names for wines. The latter issue is encompassed under the debate on “geographical indications” at the World Trade Organization. Ongoing bilateral negotiations between the United States and the EU seek to resolve both of these issues. .
Internet and E-Commerce Statistics: What They Mean and Where to Find Them on the Web: Statistics indicating Internet usage are imprecise. It is difficult to measure the scale of the Internet (or the World Wide Web), calculate the number and types of users (age, sex, race, gender, location, etc.), or forecast future growth. This report discusses the inherent complexities of estimating Internet and electronic commerce growth and describes various types of Internet statistics, discussing how to evaluate them and providing Web addresses for locating them. In addressing these topics, it is important to understand how the statistics are compiled, how they are used, and what their limitations are.
Internet Commerce and State Sales and Use Taxes: State governments rely on sales and use taxes for approximately one-third (33.6%) of their total tax revenue - or approximately $179 billion in FY2002 .' Local governments derived 12.4% of their tax revenue or $44 .1 billion from local sales and use taxes in FY20012 Both state and local sales taxes are collected by vendors at the time of transaction and are levied at a percentage of a product's retail price. Alternatively, use taxes are not collected by the vendor if the vendor does not have nexus (loosely defined as a physical presence) in the consumer's state . Consumers are required to remit use taxes to their taxing jurisdiction . However, compliance with this requirement is quite low. Because of the low compliance, many observers suggest that the expansion of the internet as a means of transacting business across state lines, both from business to consumer (B to C) and from business to business (B to B), threatens to diminish the ability of state and local governments to collect sales and use taxes . Congress has a role in this issue because commerce between parties in different states conducted over the Internet falls under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution.' Congress can either take an active or passive role in the "Internet tax" debate. This report intends to clarify important issues in the Internet tax debate .
Internet Commerce and State Sales and Use Taxes: In theory, state sales and use taxes are based on the destination principle, which prescribes that taxes should be paid where the consumption takes place. States are concerned because they anticipate gradually losing more tax revenue as the growth of Internet commerce allows more residents to buy products from vendors located out-of-state and evade use taxes. The size of the revenue loss from Internet commerce and subsequent tax evasion is uncertain. Congress is involved in this issue because commerce conducted by parties in different states over the Internet falls under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution. The degree of congressional involvement is an open question.
Internet Commerce and State Sales and Use Taxes: State governments rely on sales and use taxes for approximately one-third (32.3%) of their total tax revenue – or approximately $174 billion in FY2000. Local governments derived 16.4% of their tax revenue or $51.6 billion from local sales and use taxes in FY1999. Both state and local sales taxes are collected by vendors at the time of transaction and are levied at a percentage of a product’s retail price. Alternatively, use taxes are not collected by vendors if they do not have nexus (loosely defined as a physical presence) in the consumer’s state. Consumers are required to remit use taxes to their taxing jurisdiction. However, compliance with this requirement is quite low. Because of the low compliance, many observers suggest that the expansion of the internet as a means of transacting business across state lines, both from business to consumer (B to C) and from business to business (B to B), threatens to diminish the ability of state and local governments to collect sales and use taxes. Congress has a role in this issue because commerce between parties in different states conducted over the Internet falls under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution. Congress can either take an active or passive role in the “Internet tax” debate. This report intends to clarify important issues in the Internet tax debate.
Internet Commerce and State Sales and Use Taxes: State governments rely on sales and use taxes for approximately one-third (32.3%) of their total tax revenue – or approximately $174 billion in FY2000. Local governments derived 16.4% of their tax revenue or $51.6 billion from local sales and use taxes in FY1999. Both state and local sales taxes are collected by vendors at the time of transaction and are levied at a percentage of a product’s retail price. Alternatively, use taxes are not collected by vendors if they do not have nexus (loosely defined as a physical presence) in the consumer’s state. Consumers are required to remit use taxes to their taxing jurisdiction. However, compliance with this requirement is quite low. Because of the low compliance, many observers suggest that the expansion of the internet as a means of transacting business across state lines, both from business to consumer (B to C) and from business to business (B to B), threatens to diminish the ability of state and local governments to collect sales and use taxes. Congress has a role in this issue because commerce between parties in different states conducted over the Internet falls under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution. Congress can either take an active or passive role in the “Internet tax” debate. This report intends to clarify important issues in the Internet tax debate.
Internet Firearm Sales: This report discusses the sale of firearms over the internet, with a focus on the extent to which federal law regulates such activity. A review of the relevant factors indicates that while firearms transferred in an illegal manner via the internet may pose special investigatory problems for law enforcement, internet firearm sales are subject to the same regulatory scheme as traditional firearm transactions.
Internet Tax Bills in the 105th Congress: "This report tracks the evolution and content of the Internet tax freedom bills" (p. i).
Internet Tax Bills in the 107th Congress: A Brief Comparison: No Description Available.

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