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Advanced Vehicle Technologies: Energy, Environment, and Development Issues
This report discusses four major vehicle technologies — electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrids, and fuel cell vehicles — as well as advanced component technologies. Each technology is discussed in terms of cost, fueling and maintenance infrastructure, and performance.
Advanced Vehicle Technologies: Energy, Environment, and Development Issues
This report discusses three major vehicle technologies — electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles — as well as advanced component technologies. Each technology is discussed in terms of cost, fueling and maintenance infrastructure, and performance. The report also discusses key legislation in the 108th Congress, as well as federal, state, and local activity relevant to these technologies. This report will be updated as events warrant.
Agriculture as a Source of Barge Demand on the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers: Background and Issues
This report provides background on the linkage between U.S. agriculture and the UMR-IWW navigation system. In addition, it explores several of the key issues and uncertainties behind evolving trade patterns and projections for future agricultural freight traffic on the UMR-IWW navigation system.
Air Quality: EPA’s Proposed Interstate Air Quality Rule
This report discusses the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) proposed rule on the effect of interstate transport of air pollutants on non-attainment of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The Interstate Air Quality (IAQ) rule suggests a region-wide emissions cap to be implemented in two phases.
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles: Issues in Congress
This issue brief discusses the increasing attention being paid to alternative fuels and advanced technology vehicles, the proponents of which point to their potential to improve urban air quality, decrease dependence on foreign oil, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The brief also discusses the major barriers currently preventing widespread use of such technologies, and discusses these technologies in the particular contexts of the 2005 Gulf Coast hurricanes and the Energy Policy Act of 2005.
Appropriations for FY2004: Transportation, Treasury, Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, General Government, and Related Agencies
This report provides appropriations of Transportation, Treasury, Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, General Government, and Related Agencies for FY2004
Appropriations for FY2005: Transportation, Treasury, and Independent Agencies
This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each year. It summarizes the status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related congressional activity, and is updated as events warrant.
Arming Pilots Against Terrorism: Implementation Issues for the Federal Flight Deck Officer Program
The report discusses the issues regarding the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135), which contains provisions to arm pilots of passenger aircraft and gives deputized pilots the authority to use force, including lethal force, to defend the flight deck against criminal and terrorist threats. The report includes the legislative Background, implementation issues, equipment, training, operational procedures and costs.
Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: The CAFE Standards
This report is about Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy.
Aviation Security: Issues Before Congress Since September 11, 2001
The events of September 11, 2001 heightened concerns regarding aviation security in the United States. The ensuing debate in Congress focused on the degree of federal involvement needed to improve aviation security and restore public confidence in air travel. The Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA, P.L. 107-71, 115 Stat. 597) established the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and contained provisions establishing a federal screener workforce and requiring screening of checked baggage using explosive detection systems. In November 2004, airports will be eligible to opt out of the federal security screening program and a provision of P.L. 107-296 preserving TSA in its present form will expire allowing DHS to restructure the TSA if it so chooses, although no such plan has been revealed to date. During the second session of the 108th Congress, oversight of TSA’s plans for implementing the security screening opt-out program will likely be of considerable interest as will any plans to restructure the TSA.
Aviation Security-Related Findings and Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission
The 9/11 Commission issued several recommendations designed to strengthen aviation security by: enhancing passenger pre-screening; improving measures to detect explosives on passengers; addressing human factors issues at screening checkpoints; expediting deployment of in-line baggage screening systems; intensifying efforts to identify, track, and screen potentially dangerous cargo; and deploying hardened cargo containers on passenger aircraft. In addition to these specific recommendations, an overarching recommendation for transportation security policy asserts that priorities should be set based on risk, and the most practical and cost effective deterrents should be implemented assigning appropriate roles and missions to federal, state, and local authorities, as well as private stakeholders.
Aviation Security-Related Findings and Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission
In response to the 9/11 Commission’s aviation security-related recommendations, two bills — H.R. 5121 and H.R. 10 — introduced in the House contain several provisions to enhance aviation security. Additionally, floor amendments to S. 2845, the National Intelligence Reform Act of 2004, contain numerous aviation security provisions, many of which address 9/11 Commission recommendations related to aviation safety. S. 2845 was passed (96-2) by the Senate on October 6, 2004. The House passed H.R. 10 on October 8 by a vote of 282-134. A conference has been requested to resolve numerous differences between H.R. 10 and S. 2845.
Border and Transportation Security: Appropriations for FY2005
This report is a guide to a subset of one of the 13 regular appropriation bills that Congress passes each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Homeland Security; and to supplement the information provided in the CRS Department of Homeland Security Appropriations report. This report summarizes the current legislative status of the bill, major issues, funding levels, and legislative activity related to border and transportation security and will be updated as events warrant.
Border and Transportation Security: Budget for FY2003 and FY2004
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Border and Transportation Security: Overview of Congressional Issues
This report provides a summary of selected border and transportation security (BTS) concepts and issues that may be of interest to the 109th Congress. It is the product of contributions from CRS staff in the table contained later in this report labeled Key Policy Staff: Border and Transportation Security.
Border Security: Key Agencies and Their Missions
This report provides information about Border Security Key Agencies and Their Missions.
Environmental Provisions in Surface Transportation Reauthorization Legislation Proposed During the 108th Congress
This report discusses significant legislative provisions regarding environmental issues in bills, passed by both the House and Senate during the 108th Congress, that the 108th Congress, that would have reauthorized surface transportation programs for FY2004-FY2009.
Harbors and Inland Waterways: An Overview of Federal Financing
This report outlines the commercial navigation system, how the federal government finances the system, some of the proposals to change federal financing, and challengess to the then future of harbors and inland waterways.
Highway and Transit Program Reauthorization Legislation in the 2nd Session, 108th Congress
This report discusses significant legislative provisions in the two provisional bills that are likely to be the subject of congressional discussion to reauthorize federal highway, highway safety, and transit programs.
Highway and Transit Program Reauthorization Legislation in the 2nd Session, 108th Congress
This report discusses significant legislative provisions in the two provisional bills that are likely to be the subject of congressional discussion to reauthorize federal highway, highway safety, and transit programs.
Highway and Transit Program Reauthorization Legislation in the 2nd Session, 108th Congress
This is a report on the significant legislative provisions in the two principal bills that are the subject of congressional discussion to reauthorize federal highway.
Highway and Transit Program Reauthorization Legislation in the 2nd Session, 108th Congress
This report discusses significant legislative provisions in the two principal bills that are likely to be the subject of congressional discussion in the coming weeks and months to reauthorize federal highway, highway safety, and transit programs.
Homeland Security: Coast Guard Operations - Background and Issues for Congress
This report discusses about background and issues on Homeland Security Coast Guard Operations which is led by a federal maritime homeland security including port security.
Interstate Travel: Constitutional Challenges to the Identification Requirement and Other Transportation Security Regulations
No Description Available.
Interstate Travel: Constitutional Challenges to the Identification Requirement and Other Transportation Security Regulations
No Description Available.
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Implementation: the Future of Commercial Trucking Across the Mexican Border
No Description Available.
Passenger Rail Security: Overview of Issues
No Description Available.
Pipeline Security: An Overview of Federal Activities and Current Policy Issues
No Description Available.
Port and Maritime Security: Background and Issues for Congress
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, heightened awareness about the vulnerability to the terrorist attack of all modes of transportation. Port security has emerged as a significant part of the overall debate on U.S. homeland security. The overarching issues for Congress are providing oversight on current port security programs and making or responding to proposals to improve port security.
Port and Maritime Security: Potential for Terrorist Nuclear Attack Using Oil Tankers
No Description Available.
Potential Military Use of Airships and Aerostats
No Description Available.
Potential Military Use of Airships and Aerostats
No Description Available.
Potential Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress
No Description Available.
A Return to Private Security Screening at Airports?: Background and Issues Regarding the Opt-Out Provision of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act
No Description Available.
Sensitive Security Information and Transportation Security: Issues and Congressional Options
No Description Available.
Sensitive Security Information (SSI) and Transportation Security: Background and Controversies
No Description Available.
Sport Utility Vehicles, Mini-Vans, and Light Trucks: An Overview of Fuel Economy and Emissions Standards
Most sport utility vehicles, mini-vans, and pickups are classified as “light trucks” and thus are regulated less stringently than passenger cars under two major laws — the Energy Policy and Conservation Act for fuel economy standards, and the Clean Air Act for emissions standards. This report discusses the discrepancy between emissions and fuel economy standards for passenger cars and light trucks, how that discrepancy is changing, and legislative activity related to these issues.
Transportation Conformity Under the Clean Air Act: In Need of Reform?
No Description Available.
Transportation Issues in the 108th Congress
No Description Available.
Transportation Issues in the 108th Congress
No Description Available.
Transportation Security: Issues for the 109th Congress
The nation’s air, land, and marine transportation systems are designed for accessibility and efficiency, two characteristics that make them highly vulnerable to a terrorist attacks. While hardening the transportation sector from terrorist attacks is difficult, reasonable measures can be taken to deter terrorists. The focus of this issue brief is how best to construct and finance a system of deterrence, protection, and response that effectively reduces the possibility and consequences of another terrorist attack without unduly interfering with travel, commerce, and civil liberties.
Upper Mississippi River - Illinois Waterway Navigation Expansion: An Agricultural Transportation and Environmental Context
No Description Available.
Upper Mississippi River - Illinois Waterway Navigation Expansion: An Agricultural Transportation and Environmental Context
No Description Available.
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