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Congressional Research Service Reports
- Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests
- This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in Russia, focusing on the impact of Vladimir Putin's leadership and the leadership of his successor/protégé, Dmitriy Medvedev, both of which have steered Russia away from progress toward democratization. The report also discusses the state of the economy since the Soviet collapse in 1999, how the recent global economic downturn has affected Russia, the state of Russia's military, and the current relationship between Russia and the United States. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29670/
- U.S.-Russian Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: Issues for Congress
- The United States and Russia signed a civilian nuclear cooperation agreement on May 6, 2008. President Bush submitted the agreement to Congress on May 13. This report discusses key policy issues related to that agreement, including future nuclear energy cooperation with Russia, U.S.-Russian bilateral relations, nonproliferation cooperation and Russia's policies toward Iran. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29715/
- Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
- Granting Russia permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status requires a change in law because Russia is prohibited from receiving unconditional and permanent NTR under Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974. This provision includes the so-called Jackson-Vanik amendment. Extension of PNTR has implications for Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). This report examines this legislative issue in the context of Russian accession to the WTO and U.S.-Russian economic ties. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33091/
- Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests
- This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in Russia, focusing on the impact of Vladimir Putin's leadership and the leadership of his successor/protégé, Dmitriy Medvedev, both of which have steered Russia away from progress toward democratization. The report also discusses the state of the economy since the Soviet collapse in 1999, how the recent global economic downturn has affected Russia, the state of Russia's military, and the current relationship between Russia and the United States. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94032/
- Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Background and Current Developments
- This report provides a brief history and recent developments regarding the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty (CTBT). The U.N. General Assembly adopted the CTBT in 1996. The report discusses the national positions on testing and the CTBT, The North Korean nuclear test, stockpile stewardship, and CTBT pros and cons. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94057/
- Russian Energy Policy Toward Neighboring Countries
- This report begins with a brief discussion of the Russian oil and gas industries, including their efforts to purchase energy infrastructure in central and Eastern Europe and reduce energy subsidies to neighboring countries. A second section deals with the impact of recent Russian energy policy on neighboring countries, all of them formerly part of the Soviet Union, de facto or de jure, and all heavily dependent on Russian energy imports. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94129/
- Democracy in Russia: Trends and Implications for U.S. Interests
- U.S. attention has focused on Russia's fitful democratization since Russia emerged in 1991 from the collapse of the Soviet Union. Many observers have argued that a democratic Russia with free markets would be a cooperative bilateral and multilateral partner rather than an insular and hostile national security threat. President Putin's 2004 proposal to restructure the government has been supported by international observers. The U.S. Administration and Congress have welcomed some cooperation with Russia on vital U.S. national security concerns, including the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, among other issues. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6290/
- Russia's Paris Club Debt: U.S. Interests
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1261/
- Kosovo's Independence and U.S. Policy
- On February 17, 2008, Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia. On February 18, the United States recognized Kosovo as an independent state. Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and most other European Union countries have also recognized Kosovo. Serbia and Russia have heatedly objected to the recognition of Kosovo's independence. Independent Kosovo faces many challenges, including its relations with Serbia and Serbs in Kosovo, as well as weak institutions and an underdeveloped economy. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10602/
- Nuclear Arms Control: The Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
- On May 24, 2002, President Bush and Russia's President Putin signed the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (known as the Treaty of Moscow) that will reduce strategic nuclear weapons to between 1,700 and 2,200 warheads by December 31, 2012. Russia convinced the United States to sign a legally binding treaty, but the United States rejected any limits and counting rules that would require the elimination of delivery vehicles and warheads removed from service. It wanted the flexibility to reduce its forces at its own pace, and to restore warheads to deployed forces if conditions warranted. Russian officials have hailed the success of Russia's diplomacy in convincing the United States to sign a legally binding Treaty that casts Russia as an equal partner in the arms control process. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10461/
- Democracy in Russia: Trends and Implications for U.S. Interests
- U.S. attention has focused on Russia's fitful democratization since Russia emerged in 1991 from the collapse of the Soviet Union. Many observers have argued that a democratic Russia with free markets would be a cooperative bilateral and multilateral partner rather than an insular and hostile national security threat. President Putin's 2004 proposal to restructure the government has been supported by international observers. The U.S. Administration and Congress have welcomed some cooperation with Russia on vital U.S. national security concerns, including the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, among other issues. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10405/
- U.S.-Russian Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: Issues for Congress
- The United States and Russia signed a civilian nuclear cooperation agreement on May 6, 2008. President Bush submitted the agreement to Congress on May 13. This report discusses key policy issues related to that agreement, including future nuclear energy cooperation with Russia, U.S.-Russian bilateral relations, nonproliferation cooperation and Russia's policies toward Iran. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10753/
- U.S.-Russian Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: Issues for Congress
- The United States and Russia signed a civilian nuclear cooperation agreement on May 6, 2008. President Bush submitted the agreement to Congress on May 13. This report discusses key policy issues related to that agreement, including future nuclear energy cooperation with Russia, U.S.-Russian bilateral relations, nonproliferation cooperation, and Russia's policies toward Iran. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10755/
- U.S.-Russia Meat and Poultry Trade Issues
- Russia announced on August 29, 2008, that it was banning poultry imports from 19 U.S. establishments due to safety concerns, and that 29 others could lose approval if they do not improve their standards. Russian officials also signaled that they might reduce U.S. permits to import poultry and pork under that country's quota system. The economic stakes of Russian import actions are high for U.S. poultry producers - 29% of their exports went to that market in 2007 - and red meat producers, who also are experiencing strong growth in the Russian market. In Congress, any potential options likely would be reviewed within the context of the broader geopolitical situation. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10790/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1757/
- Russia
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- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1756/
- Russia
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- Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
- At several meetings with Russian President Vladimir Putin, President George W. Bush stated that his administration will work with the Congress to grant Russia permanent 'normal trade relations" (PNTR) status. The change in Russia's trade status will require legislation to lift the restrictions currently applied to Russia under Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974, which includes the "freedom-of-emigration" requirements of the Jackson-Vanik amendment. The Bush Administration requested the 108th Congress to act. Two bills were introduced in the Senate and one in the House but none of them received further congressional action. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10271/
- NATO Enlargement and Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs610/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2958/
- Russia
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- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6874/
- Russia
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- National Missile Defense: Russia's Reaction
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2062/
- Russian Missile Technology and Nuclear Reactor Transfers to Iran
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs800/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8755/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2057/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2056/
- Russia
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- Russia
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- Russia
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- Russia
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- Russia
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- Russia
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- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8920/
- Russian Missile Technology and Nuclear Reactor Transfers to Iran
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6968/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6431/
- Russia
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- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8302/
- Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9870/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3655/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3652/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3651/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3650/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3654/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3653/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3649/
- China-U.S.-Soviet Relations
- In 1979, a time of clear downturn in U.S.-Soviet relations over such sensitive issues as SALT, Soviet troops in Cuba, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Carter Administration moved ahead with a series of measures designed to improve relations with Moscow's major adversary in Asia, the Peoples Republic of China (P.R.C.). The purpose of this report is to provide background for and summarize current developments in U.S. - People’s Republic of China (PRC) relations, including current and pending congressional actions involving the PRC. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8496/
- Yellow Rain and Related Issues: Implications for the United States
- The United States has charged that the Soviet Union is implicated in the use of chemical weapons in Afghanistan and of chemical and toxin weapons, including the toxin known as "Yellow Rain," in Laos and Kampuchea (Cambodia). These charges raise two significant sets of issues: First, issues surrounding the evidence that has been presented to show: (a) that such weapons have been used and (b) that the Soviet Union is implicated in this use. Second, issues connected with the implications of Soviet involvement, if proven, in chemical and toxin warfare. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8829/