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Congressional Research Service Reports
- Individual Transferable Quotas in Fishery Management
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs231/
- Commercial Fishing: Economic Aid and Capacity Reduction
- Both experience and economic models show that, in the absence of enforceable access or catch restrictions, competition among commercial fishermen results in an expansion of fishing capacity, and resultant fishing effort, beyond the sustainable limits of the fish population being pursued. The spiral of increasing effort and diminishing returns (i.e., rent dissipation) has helped to fuel increases in fish prices that reduce benefits to consumers and processors; has shifted many fish populations toward smaller, younger fish that typically command lower prices; and in many cases has reduced yields far below achievable levels. Congress has considered several approaches to address concerns about overcapitalization and excess capacity in the fishing industry. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs469/
- Norwegian Commercial Whaling: Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs291/
- Piracy: A Legal Definition
- Pirate attacks in the waters off the Horn of Africa, including those on U.S.-flagged vessels, have brought continued U.S. and international attention to the long-standing problem of piracy in the region. A recent development in one of the piracy trials in Norfolk, VA, has highlighted a potential limitation in the definition of piracy under the United States Code. This report first examines the historical development of the offense of piracy, as defined by Congress and codified in the United States Code. The focus then turns to how contemporary international agreements define piracy. Finally, the report highlights a recent federal district court ruling that the offense of piracy under 18 U.S.C. ยง 1651 requires a robbery at sea. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29617/
- The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act: Reauthorization Issues for the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1863/
- The Northern Right Whale
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs178/
- Management of U.S. Fisheries for Highly Migratory Species
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1266/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 109th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10139/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 109th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10140/
- The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act: Reauthorization Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10098/
- The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act: Reauthorization Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10049/
- Ocean Commissions: Ocean Policy Review and Outlook
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8727/
- Dolphin Protection and Tuna Seining
- From its inception in 1972, one of the goals of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) was to reduce the incidental mortality of dolphins in the ETP tuna fishery. Regulations promulgated under MMPA authority set standards for tuna seining and motivated technological improvements that reduced dolphin mortalities in this fishery -- by 1977, annual dolphin mortality by U.S. tuna seiners had declined to about 25,450 animals. Despite the extensive mortalities, no ETP dolphin population has been listed as endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. However, two ETP dolphin stocks were listed as depleted under the MMPA. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs389/
- Marine Protected Areas: An Overview
- Marine protected areas (MPAs) are generally defined as areas reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment. This report identifies a number of issues related to establishing MPAs in the United States. It begins by defining the concept and administrative actions taken to provide spatial protection in marine areas. It then considers some of the key issues and potential benefits and costs of designating additional MPAs. It concludes by considering potential areas of congressional interest for the 111th Congress. Existing federal laws related to the use of MPAs are summarized in the Appendix. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29650/
- Marine Dead Zones: Understanding the Problem
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs740/
- The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6894/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1861/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 106th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1860/
- Marine Protected Areas: An Overview
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1864/
- The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1838/
- Coastal Zone Management Reauthorization: An Overview
- Congress is considering legislation that would reauthorize the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972. This overview summarizes the programs created by this act and its amendments, and outlines issues associated with reauthorization. These issues include reauthorizing funding, altering grant programs, changing the National Estuarine Research Reserve system, funding to implement nonpoint water pollution requirements, protecting private property rights, expanding program evaluation efforts, and examining effects of personal water craft on the coastal requirement. A reauthorization bill has been reported by the House Resources Committee (H.R. 2669, H. Rept. 106-485), and floor action is anticipated soon. In the Senate, no action has been taken. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1267/
- Marine Mammal Protection Act: Reauthorization Issues for the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1407/
- The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
- On November 16, 1994, the U.N. Law of the Sea Convention entered into force but without accession by the United States. The major part of the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention had been supported by U.s. Administrations, beginning with President Reagan, as fulfilling U.S. interests in having a comprehensive legal framework relating to competing uses of the world's oceans. However, the United States and many industrialized countries found some of the provisions relating to deep seabed mining in Part XI and Annexes III and IV of the Convention contrary to their interests and would not sign or act to ratify the Convention. A number of questions face the Senate as it considers the Convention/Agreement package, including the following: 1) Does the Agreement sufficiently resolve opposing concerns about the deep seabed mining provisions? 2) What precedent does U.S. acceptance of the Convention/Agreement definition of the common heritage of mankind concept establish? 3) What authority should Congress exert over the expenses of another international organization (the International Seabed Authority)? digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10503/
- Outer Continental Shelf: Oil and Gas Leasing and Revenue
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1167/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 108th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10102/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 108th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10053/
- Ocean Dumping Act: A Summary of the Law
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1007/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 108th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10028/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 108th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10054/
- The Marine Mammal Protection Act: Reauthorization Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10041/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 108th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10029/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 108th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10027/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 109th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8264/
- The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8927/
- Onshore and Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing and Operations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8502/
- The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9724/
- The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3202/
- The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3201/
- The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3204/
- The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3203/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3245/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3242/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3247/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3248/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3244/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3246/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3243/
- Marine Protected Areas: An Overview
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8909/
- The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8671/
- Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Lands: Leasing for Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8610/