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Liberalization of Abortion Laws: Pro and Con Arguments
This report provides some of the arguments related to Liberalization of Abortion Laws
The New Feminism: An Annotated Reading List
This report provides an annotated bibliography of resources related to New Feminism.
The New Feminism: An Annotated Reading List
This report is a bibliography of books and articles that are about the women's movement, the current status of American women, and such particular concerns of the new feminism as economic discrimination.
Women in the United States Congress
Report
Women in the United States Congress
This report contains information concerning the distinguished gentlewomen who have served in the House of Representatives and the Senate is here briefly set forth.
Major Federal Legislation Affecting Women's Rights Enacted Between 1963-1972
This report describes major laws and executive orders from 1963 to 1972 that affected women's rights.
Major Legislation Enacted by the 92nd Congress Affecting the Status of Women
This report was created to summarize the major legislation enacted by the 92nd Congress that affected the status of women, including the Equal Rights Amendment.
Legislation Affecting the Status of Women Considered By or Pending in the 93rd Congress
This report summarizes the major legislation focusing on the problems and status of women that were considered by the 93rd Congress.
Legislation Affecting the Rights of Women Enacted by, or Pending in, the 93rd Congress
This report outlines eight bills affecting women's rights that were enacted in the 93rd Congress.
Equal Rights Amendment (Proposed)
The proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was first introduced in 1923, and was passed by the Congress in 1972. In 1978, Congress extended the original deadline for ratification of the ERA. Thus, if it receives approval in the form of ratification by 38 States before June 30, 1982, the measure will become the 27th Amendment to the Constitution, and will require equal treatment under Federal and State laws and practices for all persons, regardless of sex.
Equal Rights Amendment (Proposed)
The proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was first introduced in 1923, and was passed by the Congress in 1972. In 1978, Congress extended the original deadline for ratification of the ERA. Thus, if it receives approval in the form of ratification by 38 States before June 30, 1982, the measure will become the 27th Amendment to the Constitution, and will require equal treatment under Federal and State laws and practices for all persons, regardless of sex.
Equal Rights Amendment: Selected Floor Debate and Votes
This report provides a summary of the final floor debate on the Equal Rights Amendment and on suggested amendments to the ERA. The proposed amendments outline some of the objections to the ERA, and the summary of the debate can provide some information on legislative intent.
Adjournment Addendum to: Legislation Affecting the Rights of Women Enacted By, or Pending, in the 93rd Congress
This report lists legislation concerning the rights of women that were enacted by the 93rd Congress. The report also lists major women rights issues and the legislation that effects those specifically.
Women's Rights Legislation in the 94th Congress
This report attempts in detailing the enacted legislation acts of 94th Congress which affects the women's rights and responsibilities in this Nation, or are of particular interest to women and discusses the legislative history.
Women in the United States Congress
This reportis about the women in the United States Congress.
The Year 2000 and the Prospect for an American Women
This report is an overview study on different roles American women played through the history of the country through the year 2000 as homemakers, employees, and society's treatment of them as well.
Women Presidential Appointees Serving Or Having Served In Full-Time Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation 1912-1977
This report consists of women presidential appointees serving or having served in full-time position requiring senate confirmation.
The Proposed Equal Rights Amendment
This CRS Report provides a brief legislative history of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment and a description of its current status. The report also contains pro and con analyses of the possible effects of ERA, were it to be ratified, and a discussion of questions raised by the action of Congress in extending the deadline for ratification and by the action of States that have voted to rescind their approval of the measure. This report is based in part on an earlier CRS report by Morrigene Holcomb and Karen Keesling.
Equal Rights Amendment (Proposed)
The proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was first introduced in 1923, and was passed by the Congress in 1972. In 1978, Congress extended the original deadline for ratification of the ERA. Thus, if it receives approval in the form of ratification by 38 States before June 30, 1982, the measure will become the 27th Amendment to the Constitution, and will require equal treatment under Federal and State laws and practices for all persons, regardless of sex.
Women in the Armed Forces
Women have become an integral part of the armed forces, but several issues remain. One is whether to reduce, maintain, or expand the number of women in the services as the total forces are being reduced. A second question is to what extent women should continue to be excluded from some combat positions by policy. A third question is whether or not women should be included if the draft is reinstated? Would national security be jeopardized or enhanced by increasing reliance on women in the armed forces? Should women have equal opportunities and responsibilities in national defense? Or do role and physical differences between the sexes, the protection of future generations, and other social norms require limiting the assignments of women in the armed forces? Opinion in the United States is deeply divided on the fundamental issues involved.
Pay Equity - The Comparable Worth Issue: Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value; By What Standards and By What Means?
This report discusses the term comparable worth issue, a "theory that jobs dominated by women may be valued less not because of skills required or job content, but because they are "women's jobs (page 1)." The report analyzes historical events and lawsuits that relate to the issue of comparable worth in the workforce.
Sex Discrimination in Education: Title IX
"In response to numerous requests for information on sex discrimination in educational programs and activities, we have compiled this collection of materials" (p. 1).
Women in the United States Congress
This report identifies women who have served as Senators or as Members of the House of Representatives. It notes their party affiliation, the States they have represented, the dates of their appointment or election, the length of their service, their committee assignments, and their service in committee chairmanships.
Women in the United States Congress
This report identifies women who have served as U.S. Senators or Representatives. It notes their party affiliation, the States they have represented, the dates of their appointment or election, the length of their service, their committee assignments, and their service in committee chairmanships.
Pay Compatibility for Federal White-Collar Workers
This report reviews the Congress's decision to freeze federal pay for one year as part of the budget resolution for the year, 1986. It discusses the standards to determine the Federal pay rate and the levels of pay that are set in place in the Federal government.
Teenage Sexual Activity and Childbearing: An Analysis of the Relationships of Behavior to Family and Personal Background
"This report uses the National Survey of Family Growth to examine the effects of a variety of social and economic factors on the likelihood that a teenage girl will be sexually active, will use contraceptives, and will bear a child...The report examines the differences in factors associated with these different behaviors for white and black as well as younger and older teens." (from Abstract)
Parental Leave: Legislation in the 100th Congress
The report discusses the argument for why America should set a standard long-term maternity leave and temporary medical disability leave. Then the opposition to this position discusses why maternity leave and medical disability leave should be decided by the employer, not the Federal government.
Equal Rights for Women
Amendments to the Constitution to provide equality of rights for women have been reintroduced in every Congress from the 67th i n 1923 to the 100th in 1987. Also proposed in recent years, although not to date in the 100th Congress, has been legislation to improve women's rights without amending the Constitution: a statue to forbid enforcement of a classification based on sex -- except where necessary to achieve a “compelling state interest, " and a measure providing for selective revision of existing Federal laws that discriminate on the basis of sex.
Federal Elementary and Secondary Education Programs: Reauthorization Issues
This report discusses the reauthorization of most Federal elementary and secondary education programs, which the 100th Congress is currently considering, as well as the creation of several new programs. Issues have included: (1) Federal versus ~tate/local priorities in the use of funds; (2) use of formula grants or competitive grants to allocate funds; (3) services for eligible nonpublic school children; (4) relationship between Federal programs and State-level school reform activities; and (5) information about programs and participants for the Congress.
Civil Rights Legislation: Responses to Grove City College v. Bell
This report discusses how broad should the coverage of Federal civil rights laws be? This was the central issue in the debate over legislation introduced in response to the February 1984 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Grove City College v. Bell.
Women in the Armed Forces. 1990
This report is about the womens role in armed forces.
Women in the Armed Forces
Women have become an integral part of the armed forces, but they are excluded from most combat jobs. Several issues remain. One is whether to reduce, maintain, or expand the number of women in the services as the total forces are being reduced. A second question is to what extent women should continue to be excluded from some combat positions by policy. Would national security be jeopardized or enhanced by increasing reliance on women in the armed forces? Should women have equal opportunities and responsibilities in national defense? Or do role and physical differences between the sexes, the protection of future generations, and other social norms require limiting the assignments of women in the armed forces? Opinion in the United States is deeply divided on the fundamental issues involved.
Women in the United States Congress
This report revises an August 1995 CRS Report on Women in Congress and identifies the committee assignments, dates of service, and districts of the 176 women Members of Congress.
Sex Discrimination in Education: Overview of Title IX
Congressional Research Service (CRS) report entailing an overview of title IX in regards to sex discrimination in education. Topics include, a history of IX, changes attributed to title IX, continuing controversies, etc..
Women in the Armed Forces
Women have become an integral part of the armed forces, but they are excluded from most combat jobs. Several issues remain. One is whether to reduce, maintain, or expand the number of women in the services as the total forces are being reduced. A second question is to what extent women should continue to be excluded from some combat positions by policy. Would national security be jeopardized or enhanced by increasing reliance on women in the armed forces? Should women have equal opportunities and responsibilities in national defense? Or do role and physical differences between the sexes, the protection of future generations, and other social norms require limiting the assignments of women in the armed forces? Opinion in the United States is deeply divided on the fundamental issues involved.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW): A Fact Sheet
This report provides an overview of the Convention and U.S. position on possible adherence. The treaty requires States parties to take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in political and public life, law, education, employment, health care, commercial transactions, and domestic relations.
Sexual Harassment and Violence Against Women: Developments in Federal Law
Gender-based discrimination, harassment, and violence against women in the home, workplace, and society at large are continuing topics of legislative and judicial concern. Legal doctrines condemning the extortion of sexual favors as a condition of employment or job advancement, and other sexually offensive workplace behaviors resulting in a "hostile environment," have evolved from judicial decisions under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and related federal laws.
The Male-Female Wage Gap: A Fact Sheet
Although women continue to often earn less than men, the size of the wage gap has gradually narrowed. Today, women with a strong attachment to the labor market typically earn 72-77 cents for every dollar earned by men. Studies have identified factors that contribute to the pay disparity, but they have been unable to fully justify its existence. The unexplained portion of the wage differential is often attributed entirely to discrimination (i.e., unequal rewards for equal labor market qualifications), but it also represents omitted variables and measurement error.
Pay Equity Legislation in the 107th Congress
The term "pay equity" originates from the fact that women as a group are paid less than men. In 2000, for example, women with a strong commitment to the work force earned 76 cents for every dollar earned by men. As women's earnings as a percentage of men's earnings have narrowed by just 12 percentage points over the past four decades (from about 60% in the 1960s and 1970s to more than 70% in the 1990s), some members of the public policy community have argued that current anti-discrimination laws should be strengthened and that additional measures should be enacted. Others, in contrast, believe that further government intervention is unnecessary because the gender wage gap will narrow on its own as women's labor market qualifications continue to more closely resemble those of men.
Pay Equity Legislation in the 107th Congress
This report discusses the gender wage gap and the historical presence of a gendered wage gap up until the time of the report's creation. It reports how the Federal government has fought the wage gap through acts like Equal Pay Act (EPA) and Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), and the current idea on how to correct and assist gender-based discrimination in the work force.
The Gender Wage Gap and Pay Equity: Is Comparable Worth the Next Step?
This report mainly focuses on The Gender Wage Gap and Pay Equity. Women's participation in the labor market has undergone considerable change in the last few decades. The majority of today's married women have forsaken the traditional role of full time child care givers for the dual role of unpaid homemakers.
Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2001
This report identifies the committee assignments, dates of service, and (for Representatives) districts of the 209 women Members of Congress.
Violence Against Women Act: History, Federal Funding, and Reauthorizing Legislation
No Description Available.
Welfare Reform: TANF Activities to Reduce Nonmarital Pregnancy
No Description Available.
Trends in Welfare, Work and the Economic Well-Being of Female-Headed Families with Children: 1987-2000
"This report examines trends in welfare, work and economic well-being of female headed families with children, the principal group affected by the replacement of AFDC with TANF. The report presents analysis of 14 years of U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey (CPS) data, the principal source of information for U.S. family income and poverty statistics (Summary)."
Violence Against Women Act: History, Federal Funding, and Reauthorizing Legislation
No Description Available.
Social Security Benefit Enhancements for Women Act of 2002 (H.R. 4069)
This report discusses the passing of the Social Security Benefit Enhancements for Women Act of 2002 and how it benefits certain divorced spouses and disabled and elderly widowers. The report analyzes the specific benefits of the act and how much the act would cost and the effects on the Social Security trust funds.
Social Security Benefit Enhancements for Women Act of 2002 (H.R. 4069)
No Description Available.
Affirmative Action Revisited: A Legal History and Prospectus
Affirmative action remains a focal point of public debate as the result of legal and political developments at the federal, state, and local levels. This report discusses legislation related to affirmative action, as well as legal rulings on the topic and the federal government's role in first establishing and, later, attempting to curb affirmative action policies.
Agency Enforcement of the Prohibition Against Sex Discrimination Mandated by Title IX and EO 13160
This report provides a summary of the federal agencies’ enforcement of and compliance with the prohibition against sex discrimination mandated by Title IX and Executive Order 13160. Specifically, this report discusses the implementation of regulations and procedures for enforcing the Title IX compliance of grant recipients and for enforcing the compliance of the federal agencies themselves with President Clinton’s Executive Order.
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